How to have global peace?
Can it be done?
Wilson’s vision is called the
14 Points
Fourteen
FourteenPoints
Points
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It has 14 provisions
puts an end to alliances
freedom of the seas
self-determination-the
power to make decisions
about ones future
• arms reductions...
• not everyone accepted,
many changes had to be
made
The Paris Peace Conference
• January 1919
• Wilson heads the
U.S. delegation
• “There must not be a
balance of power, but
a community of
power; not organized
rivalries, but an
organized common
peace.” --W. Wilson
What does everybody want?
• Wilson is not interested in spoils-rewards
of war. He did not want territory from the
losers
• Other allies do want German territory
divided.
• Wilson finally agrees that allied powers
can take over colonies.
Wilson sets up the League of
Nations
• An organization in
which the nations of
the world would join
together to ensure
security and peace for
all members.
What does our President have
to do?
• He heads for home to
convince Congress
that the League of
Nations is good
• He has convinced the
allies that it is good.
Article 10
• The most important proposal for the
League of Nations
• “An attack on one nation is an attack on
all”
• Congress rejects
• Why?
This could bring us into more
wars
• We don’t want to set up another web of
alliances.
• That’s what got this war started to begin
with.
• It would weaken our independence.
Versailles Treaty
• Ended WWI
• France wants harsh penalties on Germany
• reparations-payment for economic injury. Germany
owes $33 million to the allies. Wilson feels it could
lead to more wars.
• U.S. did not approve of because it included our
commitment to the League of Nations.
(“irreconcilable” senators)
• Wilson fights for ratification, but does not get it. He
suffered a stroke in the process.
Little did we know. . .
• The seeds of WWII were in the peace
treaty of WWI.
• None of the warring nations were fully
satisfied with the peace treaty.
• Here are some of the objections:
France wants revenge!!!
• Most of the war
was fought on
French soil.
• They were
denied a buffer
state between
France and
Germany.
(Rhineland)
Germany suffers the most
in the peace treaty.
• They refuse to sign, but when the Allies
threaten with invasion, they consent.
• They lose land to France and Poland.
• Forced to pay reparations of $33 million.
• Forced to hand over all war materials and
limit army to 100,000 men
• they must surrender all large merchant
ships
Austria-Hungary
• Shortly before the war ends, they separate into
two different nations.
• There land is given to many different countries.
• Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia are created
• Austria-Hungary is forbidden to combine with
Germany
• Limit of 30,000 men for Austria’s army
• Limit of 35,000 men for Hungary’s army
What about Russia?
• Not in the
treaty
negotiations.
• Lost a lot of
land.
• This land
was divided
between
many
countries
Meanwhile, back on our side of
the world.
Post-War Adjustments
• U.S. is owed $11.5 billion
• jobs are scarceespecially for AfricanAmericans
• there is no plan to merge
troops back into society
• It will take our 2,000,000
American soldiers almost
a year to get back home
• but our economy is up!
WWI FACTS TO KNOW
How BIG was this war?
• WWI was a war fought by 28
nations, and an estimated 65
million men, and was fought
on 3 continents.
Casualties
•
Allied Powers Central
Powers
• military battle deaths
• military wounded
• totals
4,889,000
12,809,000
17,698,000
3,132,000
8,420,000
11,552,000
European nations created by
WWI
Before and After
What new nations were formed
as a result of WWI?
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Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Yugoslavia
WWI Cause and Effects
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Causes
Imperialism
Nationalism
Militarism
Alliances
Assassination of
Archduke Ferdinand
• Austria-Hungary
declares war on
Serbia
• Effects
• Map of Europe is
redrawn
• League of Nations is
formed
• U.S. economy is up
• U.S. suffers post-war
disillusionment.
Why is our Economy up?
• Generating supplies
for our troops
generates money.
• This money goes into
our workers wallets
and our nations
wallet.
We are almost done, and we
have learned a lot!
These are the things you
need to know.
And. . .
• Analyze how governments and other groups
have used propaganda to influence public
opinion and behavior.
• Describe the political, economic and social roots
of imperialism.
• Analyze the perspectives of the colonies and the
colonized concerning: language, natural
resources, labor, political systems and religion.
And . . .
• Trace the development of the U.S. as a
world power with emphasis on:
• a. The decision to enter WWI
• b. President Wilson’s 14 points
• c. Treaty of Versailles
• d. The decision of the U.S. not to
participate in the League of Nations
Standards
• Analyze the causes and effects of WWI with emphasis
on:
• a. Militarism, nationalism, imperialism and alliances.
• b. The global scope, outcomes and human costs of the
war.
• c. The role of new technologies and practices, including
the use of poison gas, trench warfare, machine guns,
airplanes, submarines and tanks.
• d. The Treaty of Versailles and the League on Nations.
And. . .
• Analyze instances in which the rights of
individuals were restricted including:
• a. Conscientious objectors in WWI.
You have almost graduated
from WWI class.
• Make sure you study for this test.
• As you can see, there is a lot to know.
• And I am expecting you to know it!!!
Quiz time
• 5 questions
1.
• Payment from one nation to another for
economic injury suffered during a war is
called a _________________.
2.
• The worldwide organization aimed at
ensuring security and peace was called
the ________________________.
3.
• President Wilson’s program for peace was
called _____________________. The
allies accepted it the U.S. did not.
4.
• Why was post-war adjustments difficult for
our soldiers coming back from the war?
5.
• The ____________ treaty was signed by
European powers, thus ending WWI.
6.
• How did militarism bring Europe into World
War I?
7.
• How did the alliance system bring Europe
into World War I?
8.
• How did imperialism bring Europe into
World War I?
9.
• How did nationalism bring Europe into
World War I?
•
Great Job!!!