CHAPTER
24
World War Looms
Overview
Time Lines
SECTION
1 Dictators Threaten World Peace
SECTION
2 War in Europe
SECTION
3 The Holocaust
SECTION
4 America Moves Toward War
Chapter Assessment
Transparencies
CHAPTER
24
World War Looms
“This nation will remain a neutral nation, but I
cannot ask that every American remain neutral
in thought as well.”
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, August 24, 1939
THEMES IN CHAPTER 24
Cultural Diversity
Science and Technology
Immigration and Migration
Constitutional Concerns
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CHAPTER
24
World War Looms
What do you know?
• What do you already know about World
War II?
• Have you ever discussed World War II with
someone who lived through it? If so, what did
he or she say?
• What do you know about dictators in the
Soviet Union, Italy, Germany, and Japan? How
do you think they attained power?
• What do you already know about the
Holocaust? How have you seen it portrayed in
movies, books, and television?
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CHAPTER
24
Time Line
The United States
1935 Congress passes the first Neutrality Act.
1937 President Roosevelt delivers his antiisolationist “quarantine” speech.
1941 The United States enters the war after
the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
President Roosevelt signs the LendLease Act, and U.S. industry begins
mass production of war materiél.
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CHAPTER
24
Time Line
The World
1931 Japan invades Manchuria.
1933 Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany.
1935 Mussolini invades Ethiopia.
1936 The Spanish Civil War begins.
Germany occupies the Rhineland.
1937 Japan invades China.
1938 Germany annexes Austria.
1939 Germany invades Poland, starting World
War II.
The Nazis begin to convert labor camps
into extermination camps.
1940 Britain and Germany fight the Battle of Britain.
Japan, Germany, and Italy sign pact.
1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union.
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.
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SECTION
1
Dictators Threaten World Peace
Learn About
the rise of totalitarian dictatorships in Europe and
Asia.
To Understand
the challenge they posed to the U.S. policy of
neutrality.
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SECTION
1
Dictators Threaten World Peace
Key Idea
The United States remains isolated from
world affairs as economic and political
factors lead to the rise of nationalist leaders
in the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy.
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SECTION
1
Dictators Threaten World Peace
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Section 1 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were the main ambitions of European dictators Stalin,
Mussolini, and Hitler?
Ambitions of European Dictators
Stalin
Mussolini
Hitler
To create a model
To make Italy a great
To unite the German
Communist
world power
“master race” into an
state and to transform
empire destined to
the Soviet Union into
rule the world
a great industrial
power
SECTION
1
Dictators Threaten World Peace
Section 1 Assessment
ANALYZING CAUSES
How did the Treaty of Versailles sow the seeds of instability
in Europe?
THINK ABOUT
• effects of the treaty on Germany and the Soviet Union
• effects of the treaty on national pride
• the economic legacy of World War I
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SECTION
1
Dictators Threaten World Peace
Section 1 Assessment
ANALYZING MOTIVES
Why do you think Hitler found widespread support among
the German people?
THINK ABOUT
• Germans’ postwar resentment and bitterness
• Germany’s economic situation before Hitler’s rise to power
• the appeal of Hitler’s Nazi beliefs
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SECTION
2
War in Europe
Learn About
the weak response of world leaders to Hitler’s
aggressive moves in the late 1930s.
To Understand
how Germany started World War II.
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SECTION
2
War in Europe
Key Idea
A series of bold moves by Adolf Hitler—
and weak countermoves by other leaders—
triggers World War II in Europe.
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SECTION
2
War in Europe
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Section 2 Assessment
FOLLOWING CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
In what sequence did the following events occur: Germany’s
invasion of Poland, Hitler’s annexation of Austria, signing of
the nonaggression pact, signing of the Munich Pact?
EVENT 2
EVENT 4
signing of the Munich Pact
Germany’s invasion of Poland
Hitler’s annexation of Austria
EVENT 1
signing of the nonaggression pact
EVENT 3
SECTION
2
War in Europe
Section 2 Assessment
SYNTHESIZING
To what extent do you think lies and deception played a role
in Hitler’s tactics?
THINK ABOUT
• William Shirer’s diary entry about headlines in the Nazi
newspapers
• Soviet-German relations
• Hitler’s justifications for military aggression
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SECTION
2
War in Europe
Section 2 Assessment
MAKING DECISIONS
If you had been a member of the British House of Commons
in 1938, would you have voted for or against the Munich
Pact?
THINK ABOUT
• Hitler’s credibility
• the British public’s fear of being involved in another war
• Churchill’s opinion of the appeasement policy
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SECTION
3
The Holocaust
Learn About
Hitler’s plans for the German “master race”.
To Understand
the fate of Jews and other “enemies” of the Third
Reich.
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SECTION
3
The Holocaust
Key Idea
Hitler’s plans for conquering the world
include the killing of Jews and other ethnic
groups, which is carried out with frightening
determination and success.
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SECTION
3
The Holocaust
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Section 3 Assessment
3
ANALYZING CAUSES
What were at least four events that led to the Holocaust?
CAUSES
EFFECT
the removal of non-Aryans from government jobs
Nuremberg Laws stripping Jews of their civil rights
and property
Kristallnacht—Nazi storm troopers’ attack on Jewish
homes, businesses, and synagogues
“final solution”—systematic genocide of Jews, gypsies,
and other groups that Nazis considered “subhuman”
The Holocaust
SECTION
3
The Holocaust
Section 3 Assessment
3
SUPPORTING OPINIONS
Do you think that the United States was justified in not
allowing more Jewish refugees to emigrate? Why or why
not?
THINK ABOUT
• the views of isolationists in the United States
• some Americans’ prejudices and fears
• the incident on the German luxury liner, St. Louis
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SECTION
3
The Holocaust
Section 3 Assessment
DEVELOPING HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Why do you think the Nazi program of systematic genocide
was so brutally effective?
THINK ABOUT
• the long German history of anti-Semitism
• the secrecy and lies told by the Nazis
• the scope and organization of the Nazis’ genocidal plans
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SECTION
4
America Moves Toward War
Learn About
the American response to aggression in Europe and
Asia.
To Understand
how the United States entered World War II.
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SECTION
4
America Moves Toward War
Key Idea
The United States provides aid to nations
resisting Hitler and enters World War II after
the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
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SECTION
4
America Moves Toward War
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Section 4 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were some of the key events that led to the U.S. entry
into World War II?
March 1941
August 1941
Congress passes LendLease Act.
Roosevelt and Churchill
draw up Atlantic Charter.
September 1940
June 1941
December 1941
Japan, Germany, and Italy
sign the Tripartite Pact.
Germany invades Soviet Union;
Roosevelt orders U.S. Navy to protect
lend-lease shipments.
Japan bombs
Pearl Harbor.
SECTION
4
America Moves Toward War
Section 4 Assessment
FORMING OPINIONS
Do you think the the United States should have waited to be
attacked before declaring war?
THINK ABOUT
• the reputation of the United States
• the influence of the isolationists
• the destruction of Pearl Harbor
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SECTION
4
America Moves Toward War
Section 4 Assessment
CLARIFYING
Although the U.S. Congress was still unwilling to declare
war early in 1941, Churchill told his war cabinet, “We must
have patience and trust to the tide which is flowing our way,
and to events.” What do you think Churchill meant by this
remark?
THINK ABOUT
• Roosevelt’s series of “unneutral” steps to assist Great
Britain in its war efforts
• the Atlantic Charter
• Churchill’s view of Hitler
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Chapter
24
Assessment
1. What were Stalin’s goals and what steps did he take to
achieve them?
2. What actions that the League of Nations took revealed
its inability to control the aggressive moves of Japan,
Germany, and Italy?
3. How did Germany’s and Italy’s involvement affect the
outcome of the Spanish Civil War?
4. Why was the blitzkrieg an effective military strategy?
5. What terms of surrender did Hitler demand of French
officers after the fall of France in 1940? What was
General Charles de Gaulle’s reaction?
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Chapter
24
Assessment
6. What groups did Nazis deem unfit to belong to the
Aryan “master race”?
7. How did some Europeans show their resistance to Nazi
persecution of the Jews?
8. Which nations formed the Axis powers? What were the
military implications of the Tripartite Pact for the
United States?
9. What congressional measures paved the way for the
United States entry into World War II?
10. Why did the United States enter World War II?
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