WWII and The Cold War
Chapter 21
Sections 2 – 5
World War II Begins
Section 2
Guided Reading 21-2
I.
The Treaty of Versailles was supposed to keep
Germany from building up its military, Hitler
ignored it
A. French and British leaders chose a policy of
appeasement
B. Hitler & Mussolini became close allies
1. Italy invaded Ethiopia
2. Hitler & Mussolini supported Franco
3. 1938 Hitler claims Austria
4. Hitler promised to stop expanding if
he was given the Sudetenland
5. Breaking peace, Hitler wanted Danzig
in Poland
21-2 Part II
II. In response to Hitler’s continued invasions,
France and Britain declared war on Germany
A. Germany attacked Denmark, Norway, the
Netherlands and Belgium, then France
1. France surrendered in 1940
2. That same year Italy joined in support of
Germany
B. Hitler’s attempt to destroy Britain was stopped
by Radar
C. Stalin stopped the Germans in the USSR with
his scorched-earth policy
Nazi – Soviet Pact of 1939
Blitzing the British
Scorching the Earth
December
th
7
1941
D. President Roosevelt tried to use economic
pressure to stop Japan from continuing its
attacks on China and on British and French
colonies
1. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in
retaliation
2. Congress declared war on Japan, and
three days later, Germany and Italy
declared was on the US.
Pearl Harbor
THE ALLIES WIN THE
WAR
Section 3
Guided Reading 21-3
1. WWII was fought on the European and
Pacific fronts.
2. The US used the “island hopping” plan
to defeat the Japanese
3. The US and British joined forced in
Northern Africa to defeat the Germans
4. US general Eisenhower and Patton &
British general Bernard Montgomery
5. The Nazi plan for genocide came to
known as the Holocaust
The Generals
21-3 Part II
6. D-Day on June 6th 1944 marked the
advance of the Allies into Germany
7. President Harry Truman made the
decision to use the atomic bomb
8. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the two
Japanese cities bombed
9. The Soviets had 20 million more deaths
than the Japanese
10. The UN Security Council would
investigate international problems and
propose settlements
11 Miles High!
THE COLD WAR
Section 4
Guided Reading 21-4
After WWII the United States and the
Soviet Union began to compete for world
leadership. Americans wanted to spread
democracy and free enterprise. The
Soviets wanted to spread communism.
The rivalry was known as the Cold War.
Breaking his post-war promise, the
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, refused to
hold free elections. The US became
concerned that the Soviets wanted to
spread communism and developed a
foreign policy known as containment.
21-4 Continued
The US, Canada, & 10 Western
European countries formed an alliance
known as NATO. In response, the Soviets
& other communist governments of
Eastern Europe created their own military
alliance by signing the Warsaw Pact.
In 1962 President Kennedy ordered a
blockade & threatened a counterattack if
the Soviets did not remove their missiles
from Cuba. Soviet leaders agreed to
withdraw to avoid nuclear war.
21-4 Part III
China’s communist leader Mao
Zedong, joined the North Korean forces in
their attempt to establish a communist
government against the US supported
South Koreans. During the Korean War
Japan’s economy boomed.
In Europe, the Marshall Plan was seen
as the first step in building a united Europe
with a stronger economy. America’s
increased postwar birthrate became known
as the “baby boom”. The US saw an end to
racial segregation.
A Baby Boom!
The End of an Empire
Independence Movements
Section 5
Guided Reading 21-5
1. In order to gain control of their
government nationalists in India wanted
a revolution
 False. Reform.
2. Mohandas Gandhi used violent
disobedience to protest British rule.
 False. Civil disobedience.
3. After WWII, Britain granted
independence to India and Pakistan.
 True.August 1947.
21-5 II
4. Mohandas Gandhi’s daughter, Indira Gandhi,
became prime minister of India in 1966.
True. She was assassinated in 1984.
5. The country of Indonesia used to be known as the
Dutch East Indies
True. Achmed Sukarno declared independence.
6. Ho Chi Minh fought the Japanese, French,
Americans and South Vietnamese for control of
Vietnam.
True. WWII – 1975.
7. US President sent American troops to fight the
Vietcong.
False. Aid and military advisers.
Vietnam
21-5 III
8. Many South Vietnamese refugees were called
“boat people”
True. 20 years later some still lived in camps.
9. The OAU was founded out of a desire to unite
all Black Africans.
True. Organization of African Unity.
10. The arrest of Nelson Mandela ended the black
South African’s protests against apartheid.
False. But apartheid lasted 30 more years.
Mandela led the AFC African National
Congress