The Early Years (1789-1816)
1790 Census – 4 million (3 million farmers)
“Hudson River School” style of painting
Families 0f 10-12 were not unusual
The FRONTIER moved from East to West
The FRONTIER moves WEST
This is bad news for what group of people?
Population density - now
Native American reservations - now
I. Washington’s Presidency
What do we do?
This has never
been done before!
The Constitution didn’t spell out a lot of details
There were no precedents (prior examples)
Main idea – President Washington transforms the
Constitution into a real government.
Filling in the details…
The Judiciary Act of 1789 Creates the system of Federal Judges, makes
federal laws “the supreme Law of the Land”
The president’s cabinet The group of department heads who serve as the
president’s chief advisors
Advise me.
Advise me.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5jzwQm69uU
The National
Bank
Debate
Alexander
Hamilton
Jefferson, you poor,
naïve fool, we need a
national bank to issue
paper money and take
in taxes. Plus, it will
make people trust the
government more.
Thomas Jefferson
Hamilton, you dunce, a
national bank will make the
government and rich investors
too powerful. Oh, and PS…it’s
unconstitutional! Congress
doesn’t have the power to
create a bank!
Likes a strong central
government
Distrusts a strong
government, and the rich
Distrusts the ‘mob’
Supports the ‘plain people’
Favors development of
business, manufacturing
and shipping
Favors a society of farmercitizens
Republic led by welleducated elite
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Urx
KOO0nKwc
Loose construction of the Constitution
Broad (or loose) interpretation of the language of
the Constitution, especially the ‘elastic clause’
Strict construction of the Constitution
Literal (or strict) interpretation of the language in
the Constitution.
The Hamiltonians win, and the Bank of the
United States is established in 1791
First Bank of the United States
Philadelphia, PA
The District of Columbia is
designated as the new capital
in 1790
Moved to the ‘center’ of the country
To make southern states feel more
included in the government
Uninhabited parts2014
of the U.S. - 2014
The new political parties emerge
Democratic Party
Republican Party
Philosophy:
Liberal
Conservative
Economic Ideas:
Favor minimum
wages and
progressive
taxation i.e. higher
tax rates for
higher income
brackets.
Believe taxes
shouldn't be
increased for
anyone (including
the wealthy) and
that wages should
be set by the free
market.
Stand on Military
issues:
Decreased
spending
Increased
spending
Stand on gay
marriage:
Support (some
Democrats
disagree)
Oppose (some
Republicans
disagree)
Based on
Social and human community and
ideas:
social
responsibility
Based on
individual rights
and justice
Traditionally
strong in states:
California,
Massachusetts
Oklahoma,
Kansas, Texas
Symbol:
Donkey
Elephant
Where 50% of Americans live
Red = Republican Party
Blue = Democratic Party
Events in Europe divide
public opinion
The USA stays neutral during the French Revolution.
Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)
Spain gives up all
claims of land
east of the
Mississippi
(except Florida)
The Northwest Territory
Problems - British forts remained, and the Native Americans were
fighting settlement of the territory
The Northwest Territory
“Mad Anthony” Wayne
The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) decisive battle between US Army and Native
American tribes, ending hostilities with the Native Americans (for the time being…)
Jay’s Treaty (1794) Britain agrees to remove its forts from the
Northwest Territory
Battle Of Fallen Timbers - YouTube
The Northwest Territory
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Non-Native-American-NationsTerritorial-Claims-over-NAFTA-countries-1750-2008.gif
Washington’s Farewell Address
Warns against the Party System, and foreign alliances
We must be unified at
home and
independent abroad.
John Adams becomes the second president 1797
He’s a federalist, from Massachusetts
The ‘Quasi-war’ with France (1798-1800)
“undeclared” war with France
Have Mr. Githler
arrested.
Sectionalism
Placing the interests of your own
region ahead of the interests of the
nation as a whole
1990
1860
Nullification is a legal theory that a state has the
right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which
that state has deemed unconstitutional.
Thomas Jefferson becomes president - 1801
Jefferson simplified the
presidency, tried to shrink the
government and expanded the
size of the country
About Sally Hemings - YouTube
Loose construction of the Constitution
Broad (or loose) interpretation of the language of
the Constitution, especially the ‘elastic clause’
Strict construction of the Constitution
Literal (or strict) interpretation of the language in
the Constitution.
Marbury v. Madison
The Supreme Court rules that it has
the power to abolish legislative acts by
declaring them unconstitutional
(known as ‘judicial review’)
Louisiana purchase
So much for “strict construction”…
I must find a
way to buy
that land from
Napoleon…
Lewis and clark
War of 1812
Grievances against Britain -
Impressment of
U.S. sailors
Interference with Indian
uprisings
Seizing American ships
Tecumseh
War of 1812
Quotes
“We have met the enemy and
they are ours”
“Don’t give up the ship”
The Star Spangled Banner
“Old Hickory” (Andrew Jackson)
This is The War of 1812 - YouTube
Newfield
The British burn the White House
James Madison
A war with
England seemed
like a good idea
at the time…
Results of the war
War
of 1812 American
Confirmed
independence
Strengthened nationalism/our national identity
New heroes
A military draw
The Watkins
and Flint
Purchase
Newfield
After the Revolutionary War, was a period of lively land speculation
in western New York. In 1794, John Watkins and Royal Flint
became land agents, and received from New York State a patent for
land south of the Military Tract which had been set aside for use as
payment to Revolutionary War soldiers. The patent consisted of
336,000 acres in twelve townships, at $.40 an acre, and included
the area that is now Newfield. What would later become Newfield
village was part of the Thomas Livingston purchase from WatkinsFlint.
Land in the area typically sold for $3.00 to $4.00 an acre, paid in
equal installments over a number (usually four) of years. The deed
would not be recorded until the price was paid in full. In those early
years, cash was hard to come by and the economy was based on
barter. Very often, the purchaser would fail to make his payments
and would forfeit the money already paid and title to the land would
revert to the seller. In fact, only one such sale was officially
recorded before 1822.
Newfield in 1815 – population about 1000
The first settler was James Thomas in Poney Hollow
in about 1800.
About the same time, though they remained
residents of Ithaca, the Dean family settled what is
now the West Branch of Cayuga Inlet, and were
founders of the present village on the site of an
Indian village named “Three Springs” (near the
corner of Main Street and Shaffer Road).
The Deans were investors from Ithaca, and their
settlement was called “Florence”.
A mill was constructed behind where the town hall
is presently located, and another mill at the
intersection of Mill Street and Depot Road.
In the first decade, a saw mill (1809) and then a grist mill
(1811) were erected along the stream. The walls that can be
seen today behind the town hall were from mills that were
constructed somewhat later – probably around 1830. There
was also a hotel and tavern operated by Jeremiah Hall. There
was no bridge until 1812 and the roads were little better than
improved Indian trails. As a result, agricultural activity in the
township was mostly subsistence farming.
Generally, settlers at the lower altitudes had better land and
a longer growing season than those in the hills. There was no
easy way at that time to transport products (or people) to
other places.
Life was quite different in those early years. Mail was carried
between Ithaca and Elmira once a week on horseback,
weather permitting. Most of the structures were made of
logs. Perhaps the biggest threats to livestock were the
numerous wolves. Bears and rattlesnakes were common,
too. There was a log schoolhouse, but no churches, and
residents had to rely on infrequent visits by circuit preachers.
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Likes a strong central
government
Distrusts a strong
government, and the rich
Distrusts the ‘mob’
Supports the ‘plain people’
Favors development of
business, manufacturing
and shipping
Favors a society of farmercitizens
Republic led by welleducated elite