Take One…Lock and Key
The Evidence
All image sources, credits and acknowledgements are listed in slides 27-28
Significance of locks and keys
Power & authority
St.Peter with keys to heaven - glass panel
Related words and expressions
Meaning: a way into something important
• key word
• key fact
• keys to my heart
• unlocking your potential ………..
A History of locks and keys
Roman & Medieval keys
Warded locks
Intricate & Masterpiece locks
Portable locks
Lockpicking
Our Lock and Key
When, how and where was the lock
made?
Gaol key
Willenhall’s Locksmithing Industry
Hereford County Gaol
Conditions at the County Gaol
The end of the gaol
Other gaols in Hereford
Prisoners in Hereford Gaol
List of prisoners March
th
20
1854
Picture Credits & Further Info - Page 1
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The use and significance of locks and keys
Great chest from Trinity College Oxford 1556
Hacienda door, Locked door at Santa Marta Colombia, Flickr -6766602633_744bb928ce_z.jpg
St.Peter with keys to heaven painted glass panel: Nadia V&A Digital, Victoria and Albert Museum
Monk/cellerar sneaking a drink of wine - 170px-Monk_sneaking_a_drink.jpg
Replica antique jailers keys, httpredskytrader.comimagesproduct-images9_06_07_499g.jpg.jpg
Monk/cellerar sneaking a drink of wine - 170px-Monk_sneaking_a_drink.jpg
Further information:
Leyser, Henrietta. Medieval Women. A Social History of Women in England 450-1500. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. (General information on women in Medieval times)
A History of locks and keys
Egyptian wooden door lock illustration: http://www.locks.ru/germ/informat/schlagehistory.htm
Anglo-Saxon iron latch lifters from Lincolnshire: Portable antiquities record Unique ID: LIN-E7A961 http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/163906
Roman locksmith Aquileia sketch by Raine Borg.jpg: http://www.historicallocks.com/en/site/hl/Other-locks/19-Keys-and-locks-from-Imperial-Rome/Society/
Roman keys ( 2 casket and one slide key in iron), Roman keys liveauctioneers.com item 8250899.jpg
Roman tumbler slide bolt, http://www.etsy.com/listing/29814659/ancient-roman-lock-bolt
2 Roman tumbler slide keys of copper alloy, Roman keys, nl.wikipedia.org.jpg
4 medieval keys Salisbury museum.jpg
Ward key illustration: Wikipedia ‘Warded locks’ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warded_lock
Roman key ring from London: Museum of London, accession number 2011
17th century key and lock: http://blackbag.nl/?p=2096
Iron medieval treasury lock, RGBStock.com.jpg
14th-15th century lock mechanism: from http://www.locks.ru/germ/informat/schlagehistory.htm
The Beddington Lock: Victorian and Albert Museum
Joseph Bramah picture: British Library
Bramah Lock: The History of Locks Museum, Library & Forum. Administrator: Brian Morland. The on-line community for all interested in Early English and
European Locks & Keys
Further information:
British Museum. Guide to the Antiquities of Roman Britain. (Drawings of locks and keys)
London Museum Medieval Catalogue, Medieval Catalogue 1954. (Detailed catalogue of Medieval keys and some lock information)
Monk, Eric, 1999. Keys Their History and Collection. Shire Publications. (Good introductory guide to keys)
Ottaway: Products of the blacksmith in Mid-Late Anglo-Saxon England, 2 Locks and Keys http://www.pjoarchaeology.co.uk/docs/14/anglosaxon-ironwork-part-2.pdf
http://www.londoncitylocks.com/a-brief-history-of-locksmiths-1.php
http://www.londoncitylocks.com/a-brief-history-of-locksmiths-2.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locksmithing
www.lockwiki.com/index.php/Locksport
Picture Credits & Further Info - Page 2
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Hereford County Gaol Lock and key
All images of gaol lock and key: Herefordshire Museum Service
Prisondoor460.jpg
When, how and where was the lock made?
Willenhall locksmith demonstrators: Copyright Jim Evans, 2002 http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/articles/Willenhall/20thcentury.htm
Gaol Key: Herefordshire Museum Service
Willenhall locksmith adverts: Copyright Jim Evans, 2002 http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/Museum/locks/gazetteer/gazs.htm
Backyard Locksmith’s house: http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/Museum/locks/History2.htm
http://www.bclm.co.uk/media/locations/library/lh-history.pdf
Hereford county gaol
Plan of Hereford County gaol in 1925 (Herefordshire Archives Service)
The front view of the gaol buildings in 1925 (Herefordshire Archives Service)
Bye Street Gate in 1785: British library
Photograph of gaol by FC Morgan in Herefordshire Museum Service
Treadmill at Preston Prison in Lancashire 1905 prison-treadmill-55317902354.jpeg
Prisoners awaiting transportation to Australia, coadcoode.blogspot.com.jpg, and www.ancestry.com.au. And http://www.theage.com.au/
Further information:
Green, Miranda 2003. Prisons, The Development of the Prison System http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/htt/655.aspx
Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England. County Gaol and House of Correction NBR no.9372. Pamphlet in Herefordshire Archives
Service
Shoesmith, Ron 1992. Hereford: History and Guide. Alan Sutton Publishing (Information about the gaols of Hereford)
Shoesmith, R. & Crosskey, R. Go to Gaol… Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club XLVII 1994 Part 1
Sites and Monuments Record no. 20124. http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/htt/smrSearch/Monuments/Monument_Item.aspx?ID=20124
Prisoners in Hereford gaol
All images of Prisoners: Herefordshire Archives Service
Acknowledgements
Many thanks to Rhys Griffith at the Herefordshire Archives Service for his assistance, Roger Pearce for photographing the key and the owner of Lock
Stock and Barrel of Hereford for helpful information regarding the gaol lock.
Author
Judy Stevenson,
Senior Collections and Access Officer, Museum Resource and Learning Centre,
58 Friar Street, Hereford. HR4 0AS.
Tel: 01432 383593 herefordmuseums@herefordshire.gov.uk
Take One…Lock and Key