Segment 2-Module 5
Review
& Collaboration
World History
Required Component
LETS THINK TOGETHER
**** Connection to prior knowledge
What is WHAT DOES A MONARCH DO? TAKE
CONTROL WHITE BOARD…
Absolute vs. Constitutional Monarchy
What is a
Monarchy?
What types of
Monarchies are
there and where
are they?
Where do
Monarchies get
their power?
Absolutism – royalty
has all power and
control
Absolute Russia, Spain, France
Monarchy – a
government
controlled by royalty
Constitutional England
Divine Right – God
decided the royalty
has power
Constitution – The
power of the royalty is
limited. Rights are
written down.
Please go to lesson 5.2 and
match the figure to the correct fact about them
______Ivan the Terrible
______Henry IV
______Louis XIV
______Catherine the Great
______Charles V
______Maria Theresa
______Peter the Great
______Joseph II
______Phillip II
______Louis XVI
A. King of Spain-Spanish armada defeated under his rule
B. inspired after visiting Europe to modernized Russia
C. Executed during French Revolution
D. Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire
E. Brought peace to France and improved economy
F. longest-ruling female leader of Russia
G. only female ruler of Holy Roman Empire
H. known as the ‘Sun King” and built Versailles
I. Believed in enlightened absolutism
J. creating a secret police force to kill those who opposed
him
Triumph of Parliament in England
• Elizabeth died in 1603 without an
heir=reign of the Stuarts
• James I of England had problems
with Parliament
• 1625 James's son Charles I
ascended the throne.
• English Civil War-1642-1649.
– Cavaliers supported Charles.
– Roundheads-made up of
Puritans and country gentry. Led
by Oliver Cromwell
– Cromwell’s army defeated the
Kings.
• 1649 King Charles I was executed.
Cromwell’s Rule
• Then House of Commons &
Lords & Monarchy
abolished.
• Declared England the
“Commonwealth.”
• 1653 Cromwell took the title
Lord Protector.
-Cromwell closed all the
theaters.
-Said Sunday-only thing one
could do was worship.
-Encouraged marriages based
on love not business.
• Cromwell died in 1658. People
tired of military rule.
• 1660 Parliament asked Charles II to come back and rule.
• Charles II was very popular.
– Reopened theaters
– restored Church of England-but tolerated other religions.
• His brother James II took over the throne in 1685.
• Mistake-Catholic and proud of it.
• 1688 Parliament invited Jame’s Protestant daughter Mary and
her husband William of Orange to rule.
• They came with their army and James fled to France.
“Glorious Revolution.”
• William and Mary had to accept English Bill of Rights.
The Scientific Revolution
• During middle ages focus was on religion
• Things in the natural world were accepted as Gods
will
• 1600s people began questioning old beliefs and
challenged the church
• Began using accurate observations and
measurements in their work=This led to a more
accurate view of the natural world, from the stars
and planets to nature around them on earth.
Great Scientists of the Revolution!
Developed a type of
calculator
1. Pascal
Improved Telescope
2. Galileo
Introduced scientific
method
3. Bacon
Father of modern
anatomy
4. Vesalius
Sun centered universe
8. Copernicus
Observed blood
circulation
5. Harvey
Laws of Gravity
9. Newton
Earth centered
universe
6. Ptolemy
Father of Geometry
10. Descartes
Properties of fire
7. Lavoisier
Modern Science
• In the last hundred
years, modern science
has dramatically altered
our day-to-day lives.
• Communications,
medicine, travel,
medicine, agriculture,
entertainment, and
mass production were
all revolutionized during
the 20th century.
LETS THINK TOGETHER
• Connection to real world
WRITE ON THE BOARD: WHAT INVENTIONS DO
YOU USE EVERY DAY YOU COULDN’T LIVE
WITHOUT???
The Enlightenment
Baroque – Written
word is more dramatic
Impact on the Arts
Neoclassicism – Art is
more balanced and
symmetrical
Enlightenment –
reason and knowledge
through science
(instead of religion)
Impact on
Government
Political Revolution
due to revolutionary
ideas and thinkers.
Two Great English Philosophers
Thomas Hobbes
• Outlook was Pessimistic
• Social Contract – people
need to give up some rights
protect the majority
John Locke
• Outlook was Optimistic
• Separation of Church and
State
French & American Philosophers
• Baron de Montesquieu
believed that power of
government should be
divided into three
branches. These were the
executive, the legislative,
and the judicial just like
we have in the United
States today.
• Both Benjamin Franklin
and Thomas Jefferson
Believed in the Power of
Reason.
On the Eve of Revolution
•
•
•
•
•
Life in each of the 3 estates was very different
Louis 14th and 15th both kings that put France into more debt
1780s riots started over bad harvests and high prices
-Louis 16th called for the Estates General to meet at Versailles
in 1789.
-Third Estate started writing a constitution=“Tennis Court
Oath”
-July 14, 1789: 800 Parisians stormed the Bastille, starting
French Revolution.
Creating a New France
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen-Said
all men were born and should remain free.
• October 5 group of women marched to Versailles
from Paris demanding to see the king
• Wanted king/family to return to Paris. He agreed. For
next 3 years royal family lived as virtual prisoners.
• Constitution of 1791=limited monarchy in place of an
absolute one.
• June 1791 royal family tried to escape=caught and
brought back to Paris.
• Revolutionary groups: sans-culottes & Jacobins
wanted to get rid of the monarchy.
Radical Days
• National Convention-Voted
to abolish monarchy in
1792.
• Louis 16th on trial as a
traitor to France=January
1793 beheaded.
• Marie Antoinette was
beheaded that October.
• Committee of Public Safety
created-led by Maximillian
Robespierre-reign of terror
• Guillotine used to behead
people.
• July 27, 1794 Robespierre
was arrested and executed
Constitution of 1795
created the Directory.
Ruled till 1799.
The Age of Napoleon Begins
• Napoleon was famous soldier
who won many battles and was
quickly promoted to General
• 1799 helped to overthrow the
Directory and set up a 3 man
governing board called the
Consulate.
• He took the title “First Consul.”
• 1804 he made himself Emperor
of the French.
• Lots of reforms:
– Set up public school under govt.
control.
– Controlled prices.
– Built roads and canals.
– Encouraged new industries.
– Peace with the Catholic Church.
– Napoleonic Code
– Redrew map of Europe
The End of Napoleon
• He imposed high taxes
• 1812-600,000 French soldiers marched into Russia.
Only 20,000 soldiers survived.
• European nations started to rebel against French rule
• 1814 allied nations forced Napoleon into exile in Elba
which he soon after escaped from and made himself
head of France once more
• Austria, Britain, Russia and Prussia joined together to
defeat Napoleon-1815 Napoleon lost to the Duke of
Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo
• Exiled to St. Helena and died there in 1821
Causes & Effects of the French Revolution
-Grab a whiteboard tool and start writing!
CAUSES:
EFFECTS:
How to read an exam question
LC = Low Complexity: This means you need to use
MEMORY & RECALL
The answer is ‘right there’
One step – recall a fact
These are BIG Picture and
Major Idea questions.
Knowing Dates, Places,
Events will answer the
question.
How to read an exam question
MC = Medium Complexity: This means you need to
Figure Something Out.
Two Steps Required:
Search & Find
information
Solve a Problem
Figure out what comes
next
What does the author
mean?
How to read an exam question
HC = High Complexity: This means you need to Dig Deep
& Think!!
High
Give an opinion & back it up
Use old ideas to make new ideas
Take it apart & put it back
together
(05.02 MC) Explain a difference between the constitutional
monarchy established in England and the absolute monarchy
established in Spain?
A. The people were the primary decision makers in
England, while a small governing body held the majority
of the power in Spain.
B. There was a separation of powers among the political
leaders in England, while the Spanish monarch held
complete power over the people.
C. The monarch held sole control over all decisions in
England, while the monarch shared his power with a
governing body in Spain.
D. There was a single, democratically elected leader in
England, while there was a dictator who held sole
government power in Spain.
(05.02 MC) Explain a difference between the constitutional
monarchy established in England and the absolute monarchy
established in Spain?
A. The people were the primary decision makers in
England, while a small governing body held the majority
of the power in Spain.
B. There was a separation of powers among the political
leaders in England, while the Spanish monarch held
complete power over the people.
C. The monarch held sole control over all decisions in
England, while the monarch shared his power with a
governing body in Spain.
D. There was a single, democratically elected leader in
England, while there was a dictator who held sole
government power in Spain.
(05.05 LC.)What contribution did Thomas
Hobbes make to the Enlightenment?
A. He led European nations to form diplomatic
alliances.
B. He developed a theory of the social contract.
C. He wrote and argued for a system of liberal
economics.
D. He helped to end the Glorious Revolution in
England.
(05.05 LC.)What contribution did Thomas
Hobbes make to the Enlightenment?
A. He led European nations to form diplomatic
alliances.
B. He developed a theory of the social contract.
C. He wrote and argued for a system of liberal
economics.
D. He helped to end the Glorious Revolution in
England.
(05.05 HC) Use this excerpt from the U.S. Declaration of Independence to
answer the following question: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that
all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit
of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among
Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That
whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is
the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new
Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its
powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety
and Happiness." In what way does this excerpt illustrate that the American
break with Britain in 1776 was justified using ideas rooted in the
Enlightenment?
A. It rejected the authority of the Church as legitimate.
B. It rejected the authority of the monarch as legitimate.
C. It advocates the centrality of economics to politics.
D. It advocates the separation of religion and politics.
(05.05 HC) Use this excerpt from the U.S. Declaration of Independence to
answer the following question: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that
all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit
of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among
Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That
whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is
the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new
Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its
powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety
and Happiness." In what way does this excerpt illustrate that the American
break with Britain in 1776 was justified using ideas rooted in the
Enlightenment?
A. It rejected the authority of the Church as legitimate.
B. It rejected the authority of the monarch as legitimate.
C. It advocates the centrality of economics to politics.
D. It advocates the separation of religion and politics.
(05.06 MC) How did the French Revolution change
the national identity of the French people?
A. After the Revolution, French identity became
more centered on the culture of the local regions.
B. The Revolution encouraged a rejection of
monarchies with no historical legitimacy to rule.
C. The abuses of power by revolutionaries made the
French far more accepting of leaders.
D. The Revolution convinced people that they were
no longer subjects of a king but citizens of a nation.
(05.06 MC) How did the French Revolution change
the national identity of the French people?
A. After the Revolution, French identity became
more centered on the culture of the local regions.
B. The Revolution encouraged a rejection of
monarchies with no historical legitimacy to rule.
C. The abuses of power by revolutionaries made the
French far more accepting of leaders.
D. The Revolution convinced people that they were
no longer subjects of a king but citizens of a nation.