OTTOMAN EMPIRE
By: Alyssa Ayala, Cassidy Cain, & Jen Fahr
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
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Establishment
The Creation
Location
Period of Time it Existed
Religion
Impact on Europe
Foreign Relations
The Rising of the Ottoman Empire
The Golden Age (1481-1566)
The Downfall of the Ottoman Empire
Significance of the Ottoman Empire
ESTABLISHMENT
 Othman (Osman) founded the Ottoman Empire around 1307
 Turkish tribal chief
 Founded the dynasty called Osmanli (Sons of Osman)
 Seljuks- strongest tribe of the Turks who established themselves in
Asia minor
 The Mongols defeated the Seljuks in 1283 and Othman emerged as
the leader of the Turks in the fight against the Byzantine Empire
THE CREATION
 This empire was created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia
 It emerged in Asia Minor after the breakdown of the empire of the
Seljuk Turks
 Ottoman Turks began to take over the other states and ending all other
Turkish dynasties
 The Ottomans achieved many victories and were able to place
large parts of the Balkan Peninsula under their rule
 Ottoman’s now have a stable empire
LOCATION
 Ruled parts of southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and East
Africa for more than 600 years
 Includes Anatolia, the Balkans, Crimea, Hungary, parts of Syria,
Arabia, and North Africa
LOCATION
PERIOD OF TIME IT EXISTED
 Existed form 1301-1922
 One of the largest and longest lasting Empires in the world
 Stayed a strong empire because it was ruled by a single family for 7
centuries
 Reached it’s height from 1520-1566
 Began to decline in 1571
 1922 the sultan was overthrown ending the empire
RELIGION
 Main religion was Islam
 Islamic ideals and laws form the basis of their society,
government, and law
 The Suleiman was regarded as the religious leader of Islam
and Muslims
 Other religions were ensured protection in the empire
IMPACT ON EUROPE
 Many European countries ignored the expansion of the
Ottoman Empire
 They viewed the Turks as a threat to Christian civilization
 People, such as Luther and Desiderius Erasmus, saw the Turks
as a sign of God’s anger toward Europe
 They urged for repentance and reform
 The Ottoman Turks became less of a concern to Europe as the
Renaissance continued
FOREIGN RELATIONS
 Military alliance with France, England, and the Netherlands
 Wars against Habsburg Spain, Italy, and Habsburg Austria
THE RISE OF THE OTTOMAN
EMPIRE
 1 . Gained landed in the northwest corner of the
Anatolian Peninsula by the Seljuk Turks due to their
assistance in fighting the Mongols
 2. Expanded westward to control Bosporus and the
Dardanelles, which were two straits that connected the
Black Sea and the Aegean Sea. (Byzantine Empire
previously controlled this land)
 3. They expanded into the Balkans
 Ottoman rulers claimed the name of sultan and built a strong
military by developing an elite guard called janissaries
 4. New Technology
 Janissaries used firearms to spread the Ottoman Empire
 1400- defeated the Serbs and annexed Bulgaria
THE GOLDEN AGE (1481-1566)
 Three sultans ruled the Ottoman Empire at its height:
 Beyazid (1481-1512)- extended empire into Europe, added
outposts to the Black Sea, put down revolts in Asia Minor, and
turned the Ottoman Fleet into a major Mediterranean naval
power
 Selim (1512-1520)- eliminated all competition for his position,
established control over the army, and moved south and
eastward into Syria, Mesopotamia, Arabia, and Egypt
 Suleyman I the Magnificient (1530-1566)- captured Belgrade
in 1521, captured Rhodes in 1522, broke military power of
Hungary, and waged three campaigns against Persia
THE DOWNFALL OF THE OTTOMAN
EMPIRE
 The Battle of Lepanto (1571)
 Beginning of the downfall
 Conflict between the Ottoman and Habsburg empires extended to
Mediterranean Sea
 Turkish navy fought against Spain and Venice
 Destruction of the Turkish fleet
 Government
 Became weaker and parts of the empire began to act independently
 Murad III (Ruled 1574-95) the Caucasus were conquered and
Azerbaijan seized
 Ottomans were driven out of the Caucasus and Azerbaijan in 1603
and out of Iraq in 1604
THE DOWNFALL OF THE OTTOMAN
EMPIRE
 Ottomans were at war with European enemies for 41 years
 Lost Blakan territory and all possessions on shores of the
Black Sea
 Selim II (ruled 1789-1807) attempted to reform empire and
navy but he failed and was overthrown
 Mahmud II (ruled 1808-39) empire was in desperate straits
 “Sick Man of Europe” (1850 -1922)
 Ottomans forced to sign the Treaty of San Stefano which would end
their rule in Europe except for Congress of Berlin
 Abdulhamid II (ruled 1876-1909) developed strong ties with
Germany and fought on their side in World War I
 Mohammed VI fled in 1922 after the sultanate was abolished
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE OTTOMAN
EMPIRE
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Universalized the civilizations of East and West
Influenced Islamic religions in the Middle East and Persia
Provided a strong and organized military
Had a centralized political structure
One of the largest, longest lasting and most successful
empires
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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 " O t t o ma n E mp i r e . " Re n a i s s a nc e : A n E n c y c l o p e d i a f o r S t u d e n t s . E d . P a u l F.
G r e n d l e r. Vo l . 3 . Ne w Yo r k : C h a r l e s S c r i b n e r 's S o n s , 2 0 04 . 1 3 2 - 1 3 4 .
G a l e Vi r t u a l R e f e r e n c e L i b r a r y . W e b . 7 M a r. 2 0 1 4 .
 " O t t o ma n s a n d O t t o m a n E mp i r e . " Th e Mi d d l e A g e s : A n E n c y c l o p e d i a f o r
S t u d e n t s . E d . W i l l i a m Ch e s t e r J o r d a n . Vo l . 3 . Ne w Yo r k : Ch a r l e s
S c r i b n e r 's S o n s , 1 9 9 6 . 1 8 6 - 1 8 9 . G a l e Vi r t u a l Re f e r e n c e L i b r a r y . We b . 7
M a r. 2 0 1 4 .
 " I n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e R i s e a nd Fa l l o f t h e O t t o ma n E mp i r e ( Fo u r t e e n t h t o
S e ve n t e e n t h Ce n t u r i e s ) . " G a l e E n c y c l o p e d i a o f W o r l d Hi s t o r y : Wa r . Vo l .
1 . De t r o i t : G a l e , 2 0 0 8 . G a l e Vi r t u a l Re f e r e n c e L i b r a r y . Web . 7 Ma r.
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