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• Print prompting pictures
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The Scramble for Africa
Answer these quick knowledge questions…
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Who said ‘Dr Livingstone I presume’ and what was the story behind this?
What did Livingstone discover?
How did Livingstone lead to the colonisation of Uganda?
Why did Ismail invite Britain and France into Egypt?
Why did Britain invade Egypt in 1882?
What triumphs and setbacks did Britain experience in the Sudan?
What elements of imperial competition meant that the Berlin West Africa
Conference was called?
What was Bismark’s role in the conference?
What were the three key outcomes of the Berlin Conference?
What did Britain lose as a result of the Berlin Conference?
In 1860 who had control over different parts of South Africa?
What key impacts did Rhodes have on Africa?
What happened in 1878 which led to the Zulu War?
What happened at the Battle of Rorke’s Drift?
What happened in the first Boer War?
What happened in the second Boer War?
What attitudes were there for and against colonisation in Britain?
Explain to your partner the history of
South Africa using the key dates and key
names...
Frere
Cetshwayo
1879
Ultimatum 1878
Battle of Isandlwana
Rorke’s Drift
Battle of Ulundi
Transvaal
1880
Majuba Hill
Sandstone Convention
Pretoria Convenation
Rhodes
1899-1902
Union of South Africa
Three Stages
First Boer War
Second Boer War
Zulu War
Knowledge Revision
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Fold your paper into 4
Write down one of the questions in one
quarter of your piece of paper
Add your own knowledge to do with this
question
Add more knowledge from your notes
Swap
a)
b)
c)
d)
6.
Read what is there – can you add to it?
Write a new question that you haven’t done
yet in a different quarter
Add your own knowledge to it
Add more knowledge from your revision
guide
Can you draw any links between the
different questions?
How did Britain take control of East
Africa?
How did Britain take more control
of South Africa?
How much support did colonisation
have in Britain?
Did the Berlin West Africa
Conference speed up colonisation
of Africa?
Add more knowledge from this slide
in a sentence to your section
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Men on the spot
Jingoism
Battle of Rorke’s Drift
Effective Occupation
Outlaw of slavery
Leopold and the Congo
Explorer
Liberals and Conservatives
Suez Canal
The Scramble for Africa
Historiography
• Robinson and Gallagher see it as being
primarily for economic reasons – e.g. to
protect trade routes
• Darwin sees it as being a complex
combination of the metropole and periphery
influenced by practicalities, imperial
competition, popular opinion and economic
motivations
The Scramble for Africa
Present on a past-exam question…
• You must have some evidence of planning!
• To what extent was the extension of British control along the Nile
Valley and within east Africa in the years 1882–98 motivated by a
determination to limit the territory gained by its imperial rivals?
• How far did the Second Boer War (1899–1902) result in changes in
British attitudes to Empire?
• How far do you agree that the British wish to seize control of the
Boer Republic’s raw materials was the main reason for the outbreak
of the Second Boer War in 1899?
• How far do you agree that expansion in Africa in the years c1875–
1914 was primarily motivated by the need to protect British
interests from imperial rivals?
• Did the Berlin West Africa conference inhibit the British colonisation
of Africa?
Decolonisation of Africa
Answer these quick knowledge questions…
1. Why did decolonisation begin? Include as many
reasons as you can.
2. In what ways did people want the empire to
continue? Include as many ways as you can.
3. Why did people begin to criticise the empire?
4. What general reasons were there for the growth
in nationalism?
5. Describe the growth of nationalism in Ghana.
6. How orderly was decolonisation? Include as
many examples as you can.
Add as much information and links to the prompting pictures as you can.
I’m a white
settler who
moved to the
White Highlands
as the second
colonial wave in
1947.
Decolonisation of Africa
Historiography
• Darwin…
• Cain and Hopkins pointed out that the British
were trying to create an economic empire in
order to maintain its international position
well after 1945
Decolonisation of Africa
Present on a past-exam question…
• I want to see some evidence of planning!
13 How far does Macmillan’s ‘audit of empire’ explain the speeding up of the British
decolonisation process in Africa in the years 1957–65?
14 How far do you agree that the changing attitudes of the British government
towards independence was the main reason for the growth of African nationalism
from the late 1950s?
14 How far did the process of decolonisation of British colonies in east and west
Africa lead to political instability in the newly independent countries in the 1960s
and
1970s?
Top Tips?
To what extent did the Berlin Conference make the takeover
African
continent,
the name of Other
the 3Cs,
inevitable?
Cause
Sum upof the How
did this
cause theinBerlin
Notes
cause
Conference
Standard aim – to explainthis
what
caused
the Berlin Conference
in
a
word
Super aim – to explain what caused the Berlin Conference whilst linking them with your prior knowledge and themes
The French were expanding their influence in Senegal
which was near British Sierra Leone. Britain was
determined to hold onto the Gambia. The French had
even invested in a new railway linking up their
Western Colonies.
Goldie, a British trader, was moving further up the
river Niger, which the French also had some influence
over. Eventually the British and French reached an
agreement that France should leave the Niger.
Leopold started signing treaties in the Congo with
local tribes and said that they meant he ruled them
(although in reality they were just trade agreements).
France was also getting similar treaties signed in the
Congo.
The British and Portuguese agreed to navigate the
Congo river together.
Bismark (the chancellor of Germany) wanted to
reconcile with France after they took Alsace-Lorraine.
Bismark decided to make up by agreeing with Ferry to
put pressure on Britain together over the Congo.
Key Outcomes
•Leopold’s authority in the Congo basin was recognised
in return for which free trade to the area would be
recognised – hence why it was called ‘Congo Free State’
•The Europeans signed an international prohibition of
the slave trade
•A European government in a particular region would
only be recognised if it had ‘effective occupation’ of the
region. This was to stop people making unfounded
claims.
How united was South Africa up to 1880?
The Zulus
Rorke’s Drift
In December 1878 the Zulus were awarded the strip of land in Natal as the Boer’s
could not produce any documentary proof that the former king had given it to them.
However, the new British governor and high commissioner of the cape Frere gave
them this news with an ultimatum valid for 30 days, that the Zulus must allow
missionaries to be restored (although they had never actually been expelled!), the
King must abolish his military system and that the King must accept a British Resident
(that Zulu land became a protectorate). This was issued due to the Policy of
Confederation, long running feud with the Zulus, Frere trying to establish himself in his
new position, and Frere whipping up a press campaign to gain support. The Zulus
refused as it would effectively have meant that Cetshwayo would have had to revoke
his kingship. and 30 days later the British invaded in January 1879.
The British set up camp at Rorke’s Drift and sent scouts and marched some men to go
and defeat the Zulus. The Zulus left Ulandi, they defeated the British at Isandhlwana.
They then went around the British, and awaiting in a ravine near Rorke’s Drift so that
they could not be seen.