Troubled Borders
Kashmir’s Disputed Accession to India in 1947
Heterogeneity of the Landscape
Postponed War and Actual Line of Control
1 January 1948 Indian appeal to United Nations
In March 1948 Sheikh Abdullah was appointed the
Premier of the Jammu and Kashmir Region
 Land Reforms and the End of Dogra Rajput
Domination ( 40,000 acres of land redistributed,
absentee landlordism prohibited, increase in the share
of the tenants, and moratorium on debts)
 Nehru’s triumphant Visit to Kashmir in 1949
 Article 370 as the guarantee of future status of
Kashmir
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End of the proposal for Plebiscite
Abdullah favoring Independence of Kashmir
Difference between Jammu and Kashmir
First Election of Jammu and Kashmir and National Conference won all 75 seats due to boycott by
Jammu Praja Parishad a Hindu Organization
Abdullah Demanding special status for Kashmir within India with separate flag, and the head of
the government being called Prime Minister
Hindu protests against National Conference and Abdullah in Jammu
Delhi Accord of 1952
Jammu Agitation continued
Shamya Prasad Mukherjee a Bharatya Jansangh Leader extended support to them and
challenged Nehru to go into war with Pakistan
April 1953meeting between Adlai Stevenson and Sheikh Abdullah
Death of Shyama Parasad Mukherjee in Kashmir Jail on 22 June 1953 under heart attack
Popular outcry against Abdullah among Hindus and the Idea of Independence mooted by Sheikh
Abdullah
Coup within National Conference when Bakshi Gulam Mohammad another National Conference
leader revolted against Sheikh and was appointed Prime Minister of the State in August 1953
Shiekh Abdullah was arrested in 1953
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Indian Diplomacy and Patronage Distribution Regime of Bakshi
27 December 1963 Hazaratbal Incident and Sastri’s solution of the
Problem
Appointment of G. M. Sadiq as the Chief Minister
India Pakistan Talk (Swaran Sing and Z. A. Bhutto) in 1962 and 63
Abdullah’s Release in 1958 and his arrest again by Kashmiri Authorities
Nehru’s Guilt and the release of Abdullah on 8 April 1964
Opposition to Kashmir’s Independence among Congressmen
29 April 1964 Sheikh Abdullah reached Delhi for a talk
New Formula for peace evolved by Raja Gopalacharya and Nehru and
Ayub Khan President of Pakistan was approached
Abdullah left for Pakistan on 24 May 1964 and met with the President of
Pakistan and 26 th May it was announced that there would be a meeting
between President Ayub Khan, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru with
Shiekh being present in the meeting
27 th May Nehru the final supporter of peace passed away and with him
died the prospect for lasting peace between India and Pakistan
New Geo-Political significance of Kashmir
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Colonial Assam and India
‘Tribal Polity’ and the Indian State
Geo-Political Significance of North East
Naga Rebellion and Troubled Border
Crisis in Mizoram
Growing Tension in Assam Between Bengalis
and Assamese
Integration of Arunachal Pradesh
Can India and its Experiment with Democracy
Survive?