Andrew Jackson and Building of America
American Foreign Policy Post War
Need to resolve many left- over issues from
War of 1812
Great Britain
Rush-Bagot Agreement - Splits naval power
on Great Lakes between America and
British Canada
Convention of 1818 - Sets border between US
and Canada from Great Lakes to Rockies
Spanish Issues
Spain is weakening and losing control of
territories around world
Spanish Florida
Florida is haven for escaped slaves and Native
Americans
Violent disputes along Florida border between
Americans and Seminole
Seminole - mix of Indians/former slaves
1st Seminole War - Andrew Jackson invades
Florida
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tLi-rMgR_o
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48RE0hUJkHk
Jackson does not have Presidential
authority but the people back him
Spain cannot control Florida
Adams-Onis Treaty - US gets Florida, Spain
gets Texas, rest of border is set
Issues in Latin America
Latin American colonies revolting against Spain
Simon Bolivar (The Liberator) leads Venezuela,
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia to freedom
Americans sympathize with countries fighting for
independence against European power
Monroe Doctrine
US will not interfere with European affairs
US recognizes all existing European colonies in the
Americas (Western Hemisphere)
No more future colonization by any foreign countries
in Americas
Any future colonization attempt will be seen as a
hostile act
Why Would James Monroe Create the Monroe
Doctrine???
3 Main Reasons...
American System
Henry Clay
Make America economically selfsufficient
Building of infrastructure
Roads/Canals
Cumberland Road, Erie Canal
Election of 1828
Jackson portrayed as poor war hero who
rose to success through hard work - 1st
American dream?
JQA is wealthy Harvard grad, aristocracy,
alienates South
Inauguration becomes wild party
Andrew Jackson's Presidency
Changes in Democracy in America...
Adams Democracy - Government controlled by wealthy land owning
men - Big government
Jeffersonian Democracy - Government controlled by educated and
qualified - Small government
Jacksonian Democracy - Government controlled by common man Strong President
Increases voting rights for all white men
Decreases rights for minorities (Blacks,
Indians)
Spoils System - Rewarding supporters
and donators with government jobs
Kitchen Cabinet - Informal group of
advisors that met in the kitchen
Indian Removal
Jackson wants to remove Indian tribes from South
and relocate to open land west of the Mississippi
(Oklahoma)
5 "Civilized Tribes" want to stay
Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, Choctaw and
Seminole
Why were they called civilized tribes??
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Adopted farming life style
Began to receive formal education
Had own written language (Sequoya)
Established their own newspaper (Cherokee
Adopted American style Government
Phoenix)
Facing the continued threat of removal by the
state of Georgia the Cherokee sue to the Supreme
Court
Claming they are their own nation and have
signed treaty with US, state (Georgia) cannot
overrule treaty between 2 nations
The Supreme Court and Chief Justice John
Marshall ruled the Cherokee could keep their
lands because of earlier federal treaties.
Furthermore, the court ruled the treaty was an
agreement between two nations and couldn’t be
overruled by Georgia
Georgia ignored the court’s ruling. President
Jackson refused to enforce the ruling. He
remarked, “Well, John Marshall has made his
decision, now let him enforce it”.
Trail of Tears
Georgia military ordered to remove
Indians
17,000 removed end of the fall
Marched to Oklahoma in winter
4,000 die on trip
“… When I past the last detachment of those suffering
exiles and thought that my native countrymen had thus
expelled them from their native soil and their much loved
homes, and that too in this [harsh] season of the year in all
their suffering, I turned from the sight with feelings which
language cannot express and “wept like childhood then.”
"I fought through the Civil War and have seen men shot to
pieces and slaughtered by the thousands, but the Cherokee
removal was the cruelest work I ever knew.”
Georgia Soldier involved in removal process
Andrew Jackson - Hero or Villain?
Hero
Villain
This dramatic image of westward expansion is a study for a mural
in the United States Capitol, one of the most ambitious statements
of cultural nationalism during the mid-nineteenth century. Leutze
combined pioneer men and women, mountain guides, wagons,
and mules to suggest a divinely ordained pilgrimage to the
Promised Land of the western frontier. In the border, medallion
portraits of explorers Captain William Clark and Daniel Boone
flank a vista of the San Francisco Bay -- the ultimate western
destination. Above, a bald eagle holds a scroll on which is lettered
Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way -- while Native
Americans escape in a maze of winding plant tendrils."
"
Helping the poor and less fortunate brings no
benefit to humanity as a whole. It is better
for the human race if those resources are
used to fuel the successful and deserving.
Humanity thrives when Goliath destroys
David.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and
production
Inventions of the 19th Century (1800s)
Eli Whitney - Interchangeable Parts - All machines
have identical parts, easier to make and fix
Allows for Mass Production - Quick, cheap way of
making a lot of products
Railroads
One of the most important inventions in
American History
Allows for easier, faster, cheaper
transportation of goods
Traveling 10 miles a day to 50 miles per hour
Creates MANY new jobs, such as...
Steamboats
Similar technology to RR
Could travel upstream and didn't need man
or wind power
Who owns the water between states?
Gibbons v Ogden - S.C. case ruling Fed
gov't controls trade and water between
states
Other Inventions
Cotton Gin - Removes cotton seeds, intensifies
slavery
Telegraph - Morse Code, first long distance instant
communication
Singer - Sewing machine
John Deere - Steel ploughs
Factory Working Conditions
Extremely long hours at very low pay
Boring dull work
No health inspectors or standards
Children were preferred because they could pay
less but get the same work
Expanding Territory
Texas Revolution
1821 - Mexican Revolution
1822 - Stephen Austin starts Texas colony
Many Americans move in bringing slaves
1830 - Mexico bans new Americans
1836 - Texas declares independence
Mexican president Santa Anna attacks Texas
Texans retreat to Alamo - Every fighter killed
"Remember the Alamo"
Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie
Mexicans chase Texans, Texans ambush led
by Sam Houston
Santa Anna surrenders
Republic of Texas
http://www.youtube.com/user/CGPGrey?feature=watch
Sam Houston named President, capitol
named after him
Austin is Sec. of State
Country based on US Gov't
Wants to be annexed and made a state
Mexican American War
Where does Texas end?
Rio Grande or Nueces River?
Gen Zachary Taylor** brings troops to Rio
Grande
Mexicans attack and US declares war
US has smaller army but better prepared
and supplied
Chases Mexicans back to Mexico City
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends war
Results
US gets Southwest territory - Cali, Az, NM,
Nev, Utah
Texas to Rio Grande
California Gold Rush
1848 - Gold found in Cali, Silver and Gold in
Sierra Nevada's
Polk mentions it in farewell address
'49 - 80,000 go to Cali
Leads to building of TransContinental
Railroad
Effects of Gold Rush
Boom towns - Quick easy towns set up to mine
Most never make it rich
Destroys the environment
Clashed with Indians
Ghost Towns