Native Americans Timeline
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Negative Factors on Native American Population:
o
__________, ____________, _______________, _______________, ____________________________
 Read TCI 1.4 “Using the Land”
T= Native Americans’ views about land
 Connections to plants, animals, and natural objects
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 Ideas on Land Ownership
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 Ideas about the Environment
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
Washington – Treaty of Greenville (1795)
o Signed by leaders from _____ tribes

Chippewa, Delaware, _____________, Kaskaskia, _____________, Shawnee, Miami,
Ottawa, Piankashaw, Potawatomi, Wea, _____________
o
Several other tribes should have been invited, but their leaders had not been asked to
participate OR had __________________________
o
established "Greenville Treaty Line”

boundary between _______________________________________ and land for
_______________________________________

from _____________ to _____________

settlers ignored the line and moved where they wanted anyway…just like the
Proclamation Line of 1763!!
o
Native Americans gave up land in Ohio, Illinois, Michigan to U.S.

land exchanged for ~_______________________ in goods (food, livestock, blankets)

land opened up for __________________________ and __________________________
 Critical Thinking Question: Why do you think that Native American leaders agreed to treaties like these
with white settlers? What misconceptions do you think these Native American leaders had about the
deal(s) they were making?

Madison – Battle of Tippecanoe Creek (1811)
o settlers pushed _____________ out of their tribal lands in Ohio/Mississippi Valleys
o
Chief _____________ & _____________ tried to unite tribes along the Mississippi River
o
Used British guns to fight Indiana militia led by Gov. ____________________ at Tipp. Creek
o
led to declaration of war against Britain (War of 1812)

Madison – War of 1812
o British tried to keep U.S. out of _______________, fought alongside NAs to attack Americans
o
Native Americans believed U.S. took lands that it didn’t have a claim to
o
Tecumseh ____________________ while fighting for the British in Canada against Americans
o
Native Americans helped Gen. Andrew ___________________ win the Battle of New Orleans
o
Results of War of 1812 (Treaty of Ghent)

o

__________________________ Native American resistance

primary leader was dead—__________________________

British wouldn’t help them now that war with the U.S. was over

completely forced them out of the __________________________
American promised to stop attacking NAs, give back ______________ and _______________
Madison – 1st Seminole War (1817-1818)
o more conflicts between _______________ settlers and _______________ over land and trade

Seminoles raided settlements on the FL/GA border, protected escaped slaves
o
General Andrew Jackson __________________________ Florida
o
resulted in conflicts with Spain, and later in the ________________ ________________ via
the Adams-Onís Treaty in _____________
o

U.S. gov’t continued its attempts to remove the Seminoles during the 1830s
Monroe – Bureau of Indian Affairs (1824)
o created under the Department of _____________
o
now part of the Department of the _____________
 Read TCI 14.7 “Jackson’s Indian Policy”
T= The U.S. Government and Native Americans
 After the American Revolution
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 Impact on Native Population, Settlement, & Way of Life
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
Jackson – Indian Removal Act (1830)
o Passed by _____________, allowed federal gov’t to _____ Native Americans to move ______
o
DID NOT give permission to use force to remove Native Americans
o
Pres. Jackson sent various gov’t officials to ______________________ treaties with tribes in
the southeast U.S. for them to leave
o
Congress created the “__________________________” in 1834 to be set aside for
transplanted Native Americans

o

located in present-day __________________________
Cherokee Nation refused to give up their land and leave
Jackson - Worcester v. Georgia (1831)
o Since the 1790s, the federal gov’t had recognized Cherokee Nation and other native tribes
as __________________________ nations with their own __________________________

Worcester
Samuel Worcester was a _____________ working

with the Cherokee
o
Georgia
Georgia refused to _____________________ the
Cherokee Nation’s sovereignty
Arrested for “failure to have a
_____________”—Georgia required non_____________ _____________ to have licenses
to live on Cherokee lands
o
Arrested for resisting the Georgia militia’s
order to leave
o
Claimed Georgia had no _____________ in
native territory because the Cherokee were
recognized as a separate _____________
o
o
Supreme Court Ruling: 5-to-1 that the state had _____________ on Cherokee land

Native Americans _____________ by the Constitution & treaties with fed. gov’t

Chief Justice __________________________
Problem: President _____________ disagreed with the court, _____________ the ruling


“John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it.”
Jackson - Cherokee v. Georgia (1832)


Cherokee
Cherokee __________________________ a

Georgia
State of Georgia did not recognize their
written __________________________ declaring
__________________________ status
themselves to be a sovereign nation (1827)
o
Georgia land
1784 Treaty with 6 Nations acknowledged the
______________________________ of the tribes
The Cherokee were just tenants on

__________________________ was found on
Cherokee land, giving Georgia further
motivation to get the Cherokee out (1829)
o
Supreme Court Ruling: AGAIN, the state of Georgia had no rights on ________________ land
o
Problem: AGAIN, President Jackson disagreed, so he ________________________ the ruling

Jackson & Van Buren – 2nd Seminole War (1835-1842)
o Seminoles continued to resist relocation, led by __________________________

o
Four military leaders failed in their attempts to force the Seminoles out

o
o
Major Dade; Generals ___________________, Clinch, and Winfield ________________
Major General Jesup brought in to turn things around for the U.S.

Waged a campaign designed to wear down the tribe

Col. Zachary Taylor defeated Seminoles at Lake __________________________
Then Col. __________________________ is called in to wage search-and-destroy missions

o
Effectively used __________________________ tactics for over two years
many Seminoles surrendered rather than face starvation
most __________________________ war with Native Americans, ________________________
war in U.S. history before Vietnam

o

$40-60 million—10 times more than was allotted for the whole removal!
Seminoles gave up over ________________________ ________________________ of land
Jackson – Treaty of New Echota (1836)
o U.S. agreed to give the Cherokee new land in Oklahoma and pay them $ ________________
to relocate in exchange for all Cherokee land ________________________ of the Mississippi
o
not signed by an official Cherokee Council representative, so the Cherokee Nation
__________________________ declared it __________________________

o
asked Congress to not approve the treaty, but it passed by 1 vote
o
Results in the Trail of Tears (1838)
Jackson – Trail of Tears (1838)
o U.S. agreed to give the _________________________ new land in _____________________
and pay them
o
General Winfield Scott forced __________________________ Cherokees to leave their land
and walk ________________________ miles to their new “home” in the Oklahoma Territory
o
4,000-8,000 Cherokees died between _____________ and _____________

o
23-47% of relocated Cherokee __________________________
very __________________________ decision—not all Americans supported the removal
Processing Activity:
ON ANOTHER SHEET OF PAPER, type or write in ink
2-3 haikus explaining what it would have been like to
be Cherokee and Seminole during the 1830s-1840s.