Chapter 6: Learned Motives
Application-Based Multiple-Choice Questions:
1.​ Rebecca became nervous whenever she heard the sound of a drill because she had previously
experienced pain during dental procedures. In this example, the sound of the drill is the…
a.​ Unconditioned stimulus
b.​ Unconditioned response
c.​ Conditioned stimulus
d.​ Neutral stimulus
2.​ Ethan starts doing his homework earlier because his parents said that he can play video games
once he finishes his homework. Which type of consequence is this?
a.​ Positive reinforcement
b.​ Negative reinforcement
c.​ Positive punishment
d.​ Negative punishment
3.​ Sarah keeps studying and working to improve her grades but still is failing the class, she feels like
nothing that she does makes a difference. Eventually, she stops studying even when presented
study sessions and meetings with her professor in order to improve. Which concept best explains
this behavior?
a.​ Generalization
b.​ Shaping
c.​ Learned helplessness
d.​ Discrimination
Short Answer Question:
1.​ Explain the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning, then create your
own example of each.
a.​ Classical conditioning is when two stimuli become associated with each other, causing a
previously neutral stimulus to induce a learned response. An example would be if
everytime you drove something bad happened, just getting into a car would make you
feel anxious. Operant conditioning happens when the consequences of a behavior affect
whether that behavior increases or decreases. An example of this would be working as a
server and when you wear pigtails you get more tips, so you wear the hairstyle more.