PERISCOPES
Optical instruments are tools that process light rays to enhance an image for a clearer view.
The application of optical devices, such as a magnifying lens or any complex device like a
telescope or periscope, usually makes things more visible and allows us to see in a more
detailed way. In this article, we will learn about periscope and its uses. We will also learn to
make our own periscope at home.
What Is Periscope?
A periscope is defined as an instrument used for observing over, around or through an
obstacle or object which is prevented by direct line of sight. It consists of an outer case with
mirrors at each end at 45° angle. These mirrors are placed parallel to the surface. Jules
Carpentier, a French engineer and inventor designed the submarine periscope. It was widely
used during World War II in tanks and armoured vehicles.
Real Time Picture of Periscope
How To Use Periscope?
A periscope works on the basis of laws of reflection of light. Any object in the line of sight
reflects the light making it visible in the periscope.
The mirrors are placed at an angle of 45° such that when light falls on one of the mirrors, it
gets reflected back making it fall on the other mirror which further gets reflected back to the
observer’s eyes. But in more complex periscopes, prisms are used in place of mirrors. The
instrument does not produce any magnification and crossline images.
Periscope Science Project
Objective
The main objective of this experiment is to learn how to prepare a periscope and can be used
in the peak or pool and around the corner.
Uses Of Periscope
Other than viewing objects that are not in the direct line of sight, the following are various
other uses of the periscope:

It is used in submarines to determine the distance of a torpedo and helps in deciding the right time
for the attack.

It is used in a nuclear reactor to observe the chemical reactions that are taking place.

In military periscopes are used to observe from their hiding position. The main disadvantage of a
periscope is that it can be used by one person at a time.

Tanks and armoured vehicles use the periscope to inspect the surroundings.