QUARTER 4-MODULE 4
THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
PROTEINS
LESSON 5
Biomolecules 2 Proteins
4
COMPONENTS OF PROTEIN
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Consists of amino acids –
20 standard amino acids
THE DISCOVERY OF PROTEINS
Proteins were first described by the Dutch
chemist Gerardus Johannes Mulder and
named by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob
Berzelius in 1838.Mulder carried
out elemental analysis of common proteins
and found that nearly all proteins had the
same empirical formula,
C400H620N100O120P1S.
THE DISCOVERY OF PROTEINS
The term "protein" to describe these molecules was
proposed by Mulder's associate Berzelius; protein is
derived from the Greek word πρώτειος (proteios),
meaning "primary", "in the lead", "standing in front",
Mulder went on to identify the products of protein
degradation such as the amino acid leucine. Prior to
"protein", other names were used, like "albumins" or
"albuminous materials" (Eiweisskörper, in German).
Monomers
Amino group
Carboxylic acid
group
Amino acids are the monomers of proteins.
WHAT IS AN AMINO ACIDS
referred to as the
BUILDING
COMPONENTS of proteins.
These biomolecules are
involved in several biological
and chemical functions in a
human body and are the
necessary ingredients for
the growth and
development of human
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS VS. NON -ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
Different Structures of Proteins Video
Different Structures of Proteins
The Uses & Functions of
Proteins in our Bodies
ENZYMES
- Special proteins that speed
up chemical reactions
- Biological catalysts
FIBROUS PROTEIN VS. GLOBULAR PROTEIN
•Structural or Fibrous protein – which
means these proteins helps to maintain
cell shape by providing a scaffolding.
•Ex. Bones, Cartilage, Blood vessel
•Functional/Globular – this means
globular proteins carry out a specific
biological function in the body.
FIBROUS PROTEIN VS. GLOBULAR PROTEIN
SOURCES OF PROTEIN IN OUR DIET
IMPORTANCE OF PROTEINS
LESSON 6
NUCLEIC ACIDS
- Discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. He
collected used bandages, to wash out the white
blood cells contained in the pus.
- Miescher noticed a precipitate of an unknown
substance. Its properties during the isolation
procedure and its resistance to protease
digestion indicated that the novel substance was
not a protein or lipid because it contained large
Johannes Friedrich Miescher
amount of phosphorous.
(1844-1895) was a Swiss
- He isolated the substance from the nucleus of
leukocytes of wash out bandages containing pus.
physician and biologist. He was
the first scientist to isolate
nucleic acid.
NUCLEIC ACIDS
• Miescher named the substance “nucleic”
(pronunciation: nu-cle-ic) – after the Latin
word for core, nucleus.
• The substance contained:
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorous
SUB-UNITS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
a. Pentose Sugar (Ribose and
Deoxyribose)
b. Phosphoric Group – derived from
phosphoric acids
c. Nitrogen Base
TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acids
• Store and transfer generic
information
• Found in the nucleus only
• Encodes information used to
assemble proteins.
RNA – Ribonucleic Acids
• Found in the nucleus and
cytoplasm
• Reads DNA-encoded information
to direct protein synthesis.
DNA NUCLEOTIDES
Biological molecules
25
COMPARISON OF DNA AND RNA STRUCTURES
STRUCTURE
Sugar
DNA
Deoxyribose
RNA
Ribose
Nitrogenous
Bases
A, G, C, T
A,G, C, U
Double stranded
Single stranded
Yes
No
Strands
Helix
BIOMOLECULE MEMES
?
HOW WELL YOU LEARNED?
1. JAY LEARNED THAT WHENEVER HE EATS
PROTEINS FOODS, HE IS SUPPLIED WITH
AMINO ACIDS. WHICH STATEMENT BELOW
IS TRUE ABOUT AMINO ACID?
• a. Amino acid is the building block of proteins for the rebuilding of the
body system.
• b. Amino acid is the building block of protein for providing instant energy
for cells.
• c. Amino acid is the building block of nucleic acid for energy production
for human consumption.
• d. Amino acid is the building blocks of nucleic acid found in hormones and
cell membrane components.
2. THE RNA IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
TEMPLATE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF
PROTEINS. WHICH IS NOT THE
COMPONENT OF RNA?
•a. thymine
•b. adenine
•c. guanine
•d. cytosine
3. THE SUGAR IN RNA IS ___________,
THE SUGAR IN DNA IS _____________.
Write your answer
__________________________________
4. A TYPE OF BIOMOLECULE THAT
PROVIDES FUNCTIONAL AND
STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONS TO CELLS
Write your answer
______________________
5. KIKO WONDERS WHY SIBLINGS
RESEMBLE EACH OTHER, OR HOW A
MOTHER AND HER DAUGHTERS LOOK
ALIKE. WHICH BIOMOLECULES ARE
RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS RESEMBLANCE?
Write your answer
______________________
LET’S FIND OUT IF YOU GOT IT
RIGHT!
1. JAY LEARNED THAT WHENEVER HE EATS
PROTEINS FOODS, HE IS SUPPLIED WITH
AMINO ACIDS. WHICH STATEMENT BELOW
IS TRUE ABOUT AMINO ACID?
• a. Amino acid is the building block of proteins for the rebuilding of the
body system.
• b. Amino acid is the building block of protein for providing instant energy
for cells.
• c. Amino acid is the building block of nucleic acid for energy production
for human consumption.
• d. Amino acid is the building blocks of nucleic acid found in hormones and
cell membrane components.
2. THE RNA IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
TEMPLATE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF
PROTEINS. WHICH IS NOT THE
COMPONENT OF RNA?
•a. thymine
•b. adenine
•c. guanine
•d. cytosine
3. THE SUGAR IN RNA IS ___________,
THE SUGAR IN DNA IS _____________.
Write your answer
Ribose, Deoxyribose
4. A TYPE OF BIOMOLECULE THAT
PROVIDES FUNCTIONAL AND
STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONS TO CELLS
•Proteins
5. KIKO WONDERS WHY SIBLINGS
RESEMBLE EACH OTHER, OR HOW A
MOTHER AND HER DAUGHTERS LOOK
ALIKE. WHICH BIOMOLECULES ARE
RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS RESEMBLANCE?
•Nucleic Acids
END OF DISCUSSION