REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
GRADUATE SCHOOL
CTU-Main Campus
Corner M.J. Cuenco Ave. & R. Palma St., Cebu City
website: http://www.ctu.ph
Telephone No. (032) 412-1400
email: information@ctu.ph
Fax No. (032) 416-6706
HARNESSING TECHNOLOGICAL THEORIES AND SKILLS FOR
EMPOWERMENT since 1969
INS Form 1B
June 2012
Revision: 0
NAME: EDDIE G. GUTIERREZ
COURSE: MAED-AS
PROFESSOR: DR. JOY M. OLARTE
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATIONS
PHILO AND PSYCHO-SOCIO FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION
(Educ 603)
___________________________________________________________________________
“A premier multi-disciplinary technological university “
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
GRADUATE SCHOOL
CTU-Main Campus
Corner M.J. Cuenco Ave. & R. Palma St., Cebu City
website: http://www.ctu.ph
Telephone No. (032) 412-1400
email: information@ctu.ph
Fax No. (032) 416-6706
HARNESSING TECHNOLOGICAL THEORIES AND SKILLS FOR
EMPOWERMENT since 1969
INS Form 1B
June 2012
Revision: 0
Direction: Choose only ten (10) questions and answer comprehensively:
1. What is philosophy of education? How do the realist, idealist, pragmatist,
existentialist and naturalist educators differ?
Philosophy of education is the branch of applied or practical philosophy concerned with
the nature and aims of education and the philosophical problems arising from educational
theory and practice.
Realist Prepares the child for a real life. Subjects concerning day-to-day life are included.
Subjects concerning day-to-day life are included. Subjects concerning day-to-day life are
included. It is a mirror of society.
Idealist Believe in the existence of God. Teacher and curriculum are the centers of
education. Teacher and curriculum are the centers of education. Teacher and curriculum
are the centers of education. Advocating a lot of methods. Not advocated a single method.
Unrestrained freedom is not allowed. Teacher’s position is very high. The school is the only
place for regular and effective education.
Pragmatist Reality is in process, it is still in making and not read-made. Reality is in
process, it is still in making and not read-made. The aim of education is dynamic in nature.
Emphasis on practical and utilitarian subjects. Learning through experience. Social
discipline. Teacher occupies an important place in education. School is a laboratory for
experimentation.
Existentialist A relationship should be developed between the student and the
teacher in order to promote the goals of education. Believes that control and authority
limit the achievement of knowledge. Believes there should be diversity in the
curriculum and different manner of teaching things. Teachers focus on students as
individuals and apply different teaching methods differently to each individual
Naturalist Nature alone is entire reality, it is ready-made. Nature alone is entire reality, it is
ready-made. The aim of education is self-expression. It is based on need, ability, aptitude
and the nature of the child. Learning by doing, learning through experience, play-way
method, observation, Dalton Plan, Direct method, Heuristic, Montessori. Kindergarten
methods. Unrestrained freedom, discipline through natural consequences. Teacher is
behind the scene. Teacher is behind the scene.
___________________________________________________________________________
“A premier multi-disciplinary technological university “
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
GRADUATE SCHOOL
CTU-Main Campus
Corner M.J. Cuenco Ave. & R. Palma St., Cebu City
website: http://www.ctu.ph
Telephone No. (032) 412-1400
email: information@ctu.ph
Fax No. (032) 416-6706
HARNESSING TECHNOLOGICAL THEORIES AND SKILLS FOR
EMPOWERMENT since 1969
INS Form 1B
June 2012
Revision: 0
2. Cite some of the Frontiers Thinkers of education and explain their philosophies.
•
Freidrich Froebel- He was a German philosopher who was born on 21st April 1782.
He invented kindergarten because he believed that playing was an essential
expression of human development in childhood age. Also, he believed that through
playing, children developed better learning and understanding skills of the world
through direct interaction with it.
•
Charlotte Mason- Charlotte was born on 1st January 1842 and she was an English
philosopher based in England. She proposed to base liberal arts education to all
young scholars, and she did not care what social class they belonged to. She
believed that children learned best through real experienced and through living
books compared to the dry textbooks. Charlotte Mason emphasized the importance
of children enjoying themselves through learning.
Margaret Bancroft- She was the pioneer of special education and she was very
dedicated to her students which made her an extraordinary educator. Through her
intelligence, imagination, and courage she opened the first-ever private boarding
school in Haddonfield. The school hosted children with delayed development
challenges. Moreover, she believed that all physically challenged children needed
special schools, well-trained tutors, and unlimited adapted materials rather than to
be sent to the common learning institutions. Margaret’s special students responded
well to her love, patience, and kindness and she individually developed instructions
for them.
Jerome Bruner- He was born on 1st October 1915 and he was an American
philosopher who invented theories on learning, memory, and perception in
young children. He believed that children learned and remembered information
better when they discovered it for themselves and if they connected to
something they already knew.
John Dewey- was an American based philosopher and educational reformer
who was born on 20th October 1859. He had a great influence that helped him
in reforming numerous educational reforms through his experimental schools.
John Dewey believed that children ought to be encouraged to develop their
free personalities and how to think critically and make judgments. Also, he
believed that learning institutions were places where children should be taught
how to live cooperatively.
•
•
•
___________________________________________________________________________
“A premier multi-disciplinary technological university “
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
GRADUATE SCHOOL
CTU-Main Campus
Corner M.J. Cuenco Ave. & R. Palma St., Cebu City
website: http://www.ctu.ph
Telephone No. (032) 412-1400
email: information@ctu.ph
Fax No. (032) 416-6706
HARNESSING TECHNOLOGICAL THEORIES AND SKILLS FOR
EMPOWERMENT since 1969
INS Form 1B
June 2012
Revision: 0
3. Who are the Milesians or Ionians? Explain the birth of Philosophy in relation to their
existence.
The Milesians are a legendary race of people mentioned in the Lebor Gabála
Érenn (‘The Book of the Taking of Ireland ’). According to this work, which attained its
current structure during the 11 th century, the Milesians were the last wave of invaders who
came to Ireland . Although the Lebor Gabála Érenn is treated today as mythology or
pseudo-history, as opposed to an actual historical account, the Milesians are commonly
believed to be the ancestors of the Celts.
The seaport town of Miletus, located across the Aegean Sea from Athens, on the
western shores of Ionia in Asia Minor (now Turkey) is regarded as the birth place of
philosophy. This explains why the first philosophers of the western world are also called
the Milesians or the Ionians. Thus, the early Ionian School is also known as the Milesian
school. This school consists of Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes who are traditionally
regarded as the first Greek Philosophers. All of them where born in Miletus, a city in Ionia,
east of Greece.
4. Define Leadership and enumerate the qualities of a leader according to Reagan,
Ruch and Morgan.
Reagan's ideological vision was that of a conservative as he promoted concepts
including individual freedom, low taxes, smaller government, strong national defense, and
a strong national economy (Meese, 1999). He believed whole-heartedly in this vision and
communicated it with passion and vigor.
Ruch effective leadership requires a balance of different qualities and methods that
inspire followers to achieve a common goal. There are many different theories and
models pertaining to effective leadership. Earlier studies of leadership placed a
heavy emphasis on the traits and qualities of individual leaders, but more recent
models have placed a premium on methodology and the development of effective
communication skills. The different methods of effective leadership include focusing
on the goal, focusing on the group, focusing on individuals and being flexible enough
to utilize these areas of focus alone or in combination at different times.
According to Morgan, great leaders should have the “ability to engage, empower,
and inspire who they work with and lead”. While each person's leadership style may
differ, the above qualities are necessary to gain the confidence of employees and
help them possibly become leaders themselves.
5. State the educational philosophy of these Filipino educators:
a. Rizal- the mission of education is to elevate the country to the highest seat
of glory and to develop the people's mentality. Since education is the
___________________________________________________________________________
“A premier multi-disciplinary technological university “
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
GRADUATE SCHOOL
CTU-Main Campus
Corner M.J. Cuenco Ave. & R. Palma St., Cebu City
website: http://www.ctu.ph
Telephone No. (032) 412-1400
email: information@ctu.ph
Fax No. (032) 416-6706
HARNESSING TECHNOLOGICAL THEORIES AND SKILLS FOR
EMPOWERMENT since 1969
INS Form 1B
June 2012
Revision: 0
foundation of society and a prerequisite for social progress, Rizal claimed
that only through education could the country be saved from domination.
b. Mabini- Believed in the importance of bravely expressing one's political
beliefs. Mabini valued his education very much. Apolinario Mabini is one of
the few of our national heroes whose intellectual stature has grown with the
years.
c. Camilo Osias- believed that education should secure for every person the
fullest measure of freedom, efficiency, and happiness. He demanded
efficiency, in that one must be able to cooperate with the other members of
the society to promote common good.
d. Rafael Palma- is to develop the individual to his highest efficiency so that
he can be of use to himself and to the community. Such a concept is based
on the philosophy of altruism and is closely allied to citizenship.”
e. Francisco Benitez- believed that education could make the country stable
and progressive and that every Filipino child should have the right to an
education in order to develop his potentials to the full. He also strongly
advocated the development of the spirit of nationalism, particularly in the
youth, the development of internationalism, and of the national language.
6. Discuss the important role of heredity and environment in human development.
Heredity is responsible for all the inborn traits, the instincts, emotions, I.Q., reflex
action and physical traits. Environment is responsible for the growth and
development of the physical, mental and social traits. Two individuals of the same
heredity might differ when put in dissimilar environments. They lead to the complete
development of individuals related to physical and psychological characteristics.
Some people have more aggressive. This could be due to the heredity factor. And,
it can also be due to environmental factors.
7. Why should we respect the uniqueness of an individual? Discuss.
People come from different cultures and religions, they have different beliefs and
values, due to these reasons everybody has different goals and perspectives
towards the way they want to live their lives. This diversity in people spreads different
ideologies and ideas that we need to keep this world going. Showing and practicing
respect for yourself and other people allows you to have better connections as well.
Whether it be your professional relations or personal, a respectable behavior allows
you to connect and understand other people much better.
___________________________________________________________________________
“A premier multi-disciplinary technological university “
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
GRADUATE SCHOOL
CTU-Main Campus
Corner M.J. Cuenco Ave. & R. Palma St., Cebu City
website: http://www.ctu.ph
Telephone No. (032) 412-1400
email: information@ctu.ph
Fax No. (032) 416-6706
HARNESSING TECHNOLOGICAL THEORIES AND SKILLS FOR
EMPOWERMENT since 1969
INS Form 1B
June 2012
Revision: 0
8. Elucidate the importance of psychology and sociology.
The importance of social psychology appears in all the interactive aspects of the
individual's social life and all the environments in which he coexists. It can affect the
individual's interactions and character-building and highlight the importance of social
psychology directly in everyday life situations; national and international issues
experienced by people in the form of war, slavery, freedom, and security. The
importance of sociology is to provide scientific contributions to society. Many
sociologists are involved in scientific research and are able to solve large-scale
problems that affect the world around us. Psychology examines the behavior of the
individual, the experience conducted by the individual with the surrounding social
environment, and examines the individual through attention to the characteristics
and processes that grow in human, and how to do his functions, While sociology is
concerned with the experience and social behavior that is produced through things,
work, and social organizations, and works to develop them, and the psychological
state is reflected on the social side.
9. Contrast between participative leadership and autocratic leadership.
An autocratic leader runs the organization in an authoritarian style and is known
to solely make decisions of the organization without involving the subordinates. On
the contrast, a participative leader discharges a democratic leadership style by
engaging the subordinates in decision-making process. For example,
transformational leadership can strengthen the cohesion among individual staff
members by imparting a strong vision for the future of the organization. Participatory
leadership stimulates locomotion, for example by actively involving the entire team
in the decision-making process.
10. Give the different functions as a key factor in education process.
The function of teachers is to help students learn by imparting knowledge to them
and by setting up a situation in which students can and will learn effectively. But
teachers fill a complex set of roles, which vary from one society to another and from
one educational level to another. They play the most important role in their students'
life by providing support, boosting their confidence, guiding them in the right
direction, and of course teaching them. They are the facilitator of learning in the
learning-teaching process.
___________________________________________________________________________
“A premier multi-disciplinary technological university “