New Baldwin International Senior Secondary School Mandur, Bangalore Chemistry Investigatory Project Session: 2023-2024 Topic: Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with respect to curd formation By: P Manu XII-A Certificate This is to certify that the chemistry project on the topic, “Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with respect to curd formation” has been successfully completed by P Manu of grade XII under the fulfilment of the curriculum requirements of Central Board of Secondary Education in the year of 2023-2024. _____________ _____________ _____________ Signature of Internal Examiner Signature of External Examiner Signature of Principal Acknowledgement As a student of class XII, I completed this project on the topic, “Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with respect to curd formation”. I owe a deep sense of gratitude to my chemistry teacher, Mrs Poongodi, whose valuable advice, guidance helped me in completing this project. At the same time I must express my gratitude to the Principal, Ms. Ambika, of our School for providing the resources and labs to conduct and carry out the project. Table of Contents 1. Objective of Project 2. Introduction 3. Manufacturing process 4. Nutrition and Health information 5. Experiment 6. Theory 7. Procedure 8. Result 9. Bibliography 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT. The main objective of this chemistry project is “Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with respect to curd formation” INTRODUCTION Soy milk, also known as soya milk or soymilk, is a plant-based drink produced by soaking and grinding and grinding soybeans, boiling the mixture, and filtering out remaining particulates. It is a stable emulsion of oil, water and protein. Its original form is an intermediate product of the manufacture of tofu. Originating in China, it became a common beverage in Europe and North America in the latter half of the 20 th century, especially as production techniques were developed to give it a taste and consistency more closely resembling that of dairy milk. Soy milk may be used as a substitute for dairy milk by individuals who are vegan or lactose intolerant. MANUFACTURING PROCESS. The soybean is a low and as such, is a good host for the breeding of harmful bacteria. Thus the manufacturing is “aseptic”, meaning that at a certain point in its production, the soy milk is sealed off from any air because it might introduce dangerous bacteria into the product. The development of successful, affordable aseptic production of soy milk has been of tremendous importance in the mass production of its beverages. The initial phases of the production of soy milk do not have to be sealed off to air only later does this happen. STEP BY STEP PROCESS: Producing the raw materials De-hulling Invalidating the indigestible enzyme Rough grinding Finer grinding Extracting Blending Aseptic sterilizing Homgenizing Cooling Storing, Packaging and Quality control. NUTRITION AND HEALTH INFORMATION. EXPERIMENT. Aim: Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with natural milk with respect to curd formation, effect of temperature and taste. Requirements: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) Beaker Pestle and mortar Measuring Cylinder Glass rod Tripod Stand Muslin Cloth Burner Soya beans Fresh curd Distilled water THEORY. Natural milk is an opaque white fluid secreted by the mammary glands of the female gender. It contains proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fats and water. Fresh milk is sweet in taste. On keeping for a long time at 35-40 degrees Celsius, it becomes sour due to lactic acid. That is why, natural milk has a strong tendency to go bad during summers and is preserved at low temperatures in refrigerators. In acidic conditions, casein of the milk starts separating out as a precipitate. When the acidity in milk starts sufficient and the temperature is around 35 degrees Celsius, it forms a semi-solid mass called curd. The curd formation may be studied by keeping the milk at different temperatures. Soybean milk is made from soybeans and resembles natural milk. Soybean is a plant whose beans serve as food for animals and human beings. It is a rich source of protein. It is used to prepare margarine, soya butter, cheese, curd and infant food. Soybean milk is prepared by keeping soybeans dipped in water for sometime. The swollen beans are then crushed to a paste. The paste is mixed with water, solution is filtered and filtrate is soybean milk. It does not contain carbohydrates and lactose. It has no flavour. Soybean milk is solid after adding sugar and flavours. PROCEDURE. 1) Soak about 150g of soya beans in sufficient amount of water so that they are completely dipped in it. 2) Take out swollen soya beans and grind them to a very fine paste and then filter it through a muslin cloth. 3) Clear white filtrate is soya bean milk. Compare its taste with buffalo milk. 4) Take 50ml of soya bean milk in three other beakers and heat the beakers to 30 degree Celsius, 40 degree Celsius and 50 degree Celsius respectively. 5) Add ¼ spoonful of curd to each of these beakers. Leave the beakers undisturbed for 8 hours and curd is formed. 6) Similarly, take 50ml of buffalo milk in three beakers and heat the beakers to 30 degree Celsius, 40 degree Celsius and 50 degrees Celsius respectively. 7) Add ¼ spoonful curd to each of these beakers. Leave the beakers undisturbed for 8 hours and curd is formed. RESULT. Natural milk is sweet in taste while soybean milk is not. Curd formed from natural milk at higher temperatures are more sour. The rate of formation of curd in natural milk and soybean milk increases with increase in temperature. For natural milk, the best temperature for formation of good quality curd is 50 degree Celsius. For soy milk, the best temperature for formation of good quality curd is 40 degrees Celsius, BIBLIOGRAPHY. Wikipedia Healthy food guide