History History Unit 1 lesson / Unit 2 Civilization ~ Vocabulary Ziggurat layered building built by the Mesopotamians Specialization specific jobs Artisan craftsmen Scribe person who's job record to is information Cuneiform Sumerian alphabet Age Bronze when people started using Bronze metal (bronze) and tin made of copper is Barter to trade Introduction Villages grea into cities Agriculture and the domestication created People more started of animals stable communities developing tools to help with farming Irrigation better production This all led to Increase - an in increase - more in food = ↑ population population population could work on -required complex larger construction projects social and political relationships Unit 2 Increased Production of food (4 efficiency) allowed specialization instead - of Jobs metal - , , helped ↑ crim rates population became more gods - -rain in wealth ~ led to laws of nature , the food controlled -priests Traders, Artisans organized wind forces , now Public works required leaders - Religion could people by trade connect from imbalances ↑ , people social classes formed - - some , working Jewelry Carpentry Wheel and sail - food producing everyone leader Developed rituals Language - -started - - an function economic Cuneiform - - as A number New tools - of system Bronze writing developed by system were of made 60 was also Sumerians designed from bronze age Civilization - - most historians believed civilization Sumerians -greatest city was Ur -powerful around 3000 BCE - built Ziggurats started in Sumer (modern alay Frag) specialize in other robs City-States 2 1 . Mesopotamia in Vocabulary Fertile Crescent shaped fertile crescent land the Middle East in Mesopotamia - one the fertile of part crescent City-state - - that city Dynasty a family or - - Cultural diffusion many gods Empire many states Hammurabi ~ - together mix Polytheism -belief of - country a line of rulers -when two cultures - like functions - King of huge population or Geography -except for Tigu's Middle East region The Crescent and Euphrates of 2 a small land around Islam flooded -which people major rivers river often here land "silt" -gave the - deserts Mesopotamia and rivers DS composed are slice of land between a - - leader (a set of law) of the Fertile Most of the ↳ This one Babylonians -Hammurabi's code - under was good for ate bread and farming soup was called The Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia 2 1 .. Disadvantages - The floods - destroyed sometimes rivers Built walls No natural barriers - Almost - natural no resources farmed traded , Built City - States the - early time - in Sumerian by priests warriors formed their they beyond to - run by run city-states in own dynasties reidt - ask teacher , culture spread - often were sometimes - - Sumerians lived Governments - channels irrigation city-states surrounding -believed in regions many gods -polytheistic - ↑heir gods were based off and nature its destructive power - Cause they often went -this led - - to them Humans viewed through bad natural disasters thinking they gods as were For the Sumerians death and afterlife Epic -Social life those at the slaves Gender of Gilgamesh in Sumeria the top had were at inequality by gods superior , - "punished" great power the bottom was neither good nor -> officials scribes craftesmen slaves bad ; nobles and priests 2 1 Sumerians . Social status - Gender Husbands had great could kill geometry - in Sumer power nives and children for small mistakes achievements Sumerian Civil inequality , architectural inventions astronomy medicine , , was From - 3000 - 2000 BCE , Sumerian states city were constantly at This weakened them -> The First this was why they were conquered by later the Akkadians Empire The Akkadian Empire led - by Sargon conquered the Sumerians were The the world's first empire Babylonians in Mesopotamia Their greatest king developed was Hammurabi the world's first complex legal system Hammurabi's code Included and considered unequalEx : - EVERYTHING social status Eye for an A ↳ two men of , gender Eye the same status war - Indo-Europeans The 3-1 vocabulary - Indo Europeans Indians or Europeans Steppe dry grassland Migration from movement to another place one Hittites the people who started to iron use Anatolia day Turkey modern Indo-Europeans Indo-Europeans from came Eurasia pastoral - they these - Migrate animal herders were people were natural most Soon of our they began to and rode warriors land their was not good for farming horses Indo-European Most of them spoke - because languages nowadays move came from Indo-European EVERYWHERE The Hittite Empire The - Indo-Europeans migrated they -where - Hittites -but - They - - up an conquered Mesopotamia they used Irons set were iron made better weapons The Hittites day Turkey) empire and fought Egypt defeated chariots and Chariots Anatolia (modern into could break collapsed up 200 to since win they many battles were BCE due stronger and protect soldiers formations to invasions on it 3-4 Traders Seafaring Vocabulary - Minoans - people - from came Crete Sea Aegean and between Greece Sea - who Turkey Knossos - Capital city - - King of the Minoans Minos possibly - fake -Phoenicians trading - civilization -created the Alphabet Phonics - Minoans Trade - - - seafaring fishing and Their capital - * Mesopotamia in The Minoans - Their story trade was the city knossos of Minoans because of (lived in Crete) eastern Mediterranean King Minos from the Greek dominated the influence them We call people , including Myth of the Minotaur Minoans Trade - - - Minoans and The Minoans The Minoans probably or Egyptians shared were very collapsed due to invasions a culture rich around 1200BCE natural disaster or from foreign people maybe both Greece spread Phoenicians trade and civilization Phoenicians - from Levant originated - controlled trade -had city-state government a -based on - - - sailed far They may , Some - have of like Their greatest - - - the coasts on Phoenicia Probably was like Sumeria mainland They - Minoans fell after the of the Mediterranean establishing and trade outposts sailed around Africa even their colonies would eventually grow colonies into powerful nations Carthage contribution the first the was alphabet phonetic Alphabet conquered by Assyrians , then Babylonians , but its culture lived in Timeline Sumeria Akkadians Babylonians Hittites Minoans Indo-Europeans Seafaring people Very rich 3000BC Lived in Mesopotamia City-states polytheistic Civil war Conquered by Akkadians First Led Empire by Sargon In First Mesopotamia Legal System Unfair Laws Drastic Social Status migrate to Anatolia Used Iron tools Chariots Conquered Mesopotamia Outside Invasions influenced Greece Traded Collapsed 1200BCE their colonies Origins 35 . Judaism of (religion Vocabulary - the Jews) Torah - Hebrew Bible ~ First half - is (for Jews) the same as Bible the Abraham - first - god hear to man Monotheism - of Belief - in only god one Covenant - Promise - god with makes Ex : Abraham group of a people God and Moses - The 2nd major prophet - - Freed -Israel the Jews of Egyptians (Canaan) -nation of the Jews Tribute - - - money nation gives to another to not Israel - a was - - formed = Jews put their = was "shared" with the A on the same area/ stretch occurred their history land that of often Israel Canaan called Levent region a lived Both Arguments in stretch small * - get attacked Search for the Promised Land The - one in -Just like the Christians promised books -> , home the Torah Bible of land Phoenicians 35 of Origins The . Judaism Abraham father Jews of the Jews Led Jews from Ur-> Canaan - Egypt -> Moses Led them - ↳ Egypt out to their final home back to Canaan Jews believed in god god -creator all-knowing - monotheists - - I believed their blood connected with and them god and he would protect them only Moses and the Exodus - important part An they How - left Moses led Ten to out of god - - - The Canaan and formed kingdom of kings David Solomon They expanded Their to Saul - - laws of Israel famous - slavery and made Commandments He moved them back -kingdom history Jewish Egypt the Jews He listened - of capital city Kingdom - and their borders and conquered their was enemies Jerusalem split neighboring empires started causing problem for the Jews Israel timeline - 35 Jews - first attacked - by Assyrians -Southern half Their whole - maintained freedom kingdom was taken the by New Babylonian Captivity Nebuchadnezzar King Babylonian Captivity - The The Jewish people - were many The Jews forced to to move conquered by later were scattered were Babylonia the Persians who freed them - The Jews were -didn't have conquered by then freedom until Neo-Babylonians > 1948 Persians . Romans : Assyrian 4 2 The Romans the < freedom 1948 Empire Vocabulary Assyria A region in under the Mesopotamia Assyrians Nineveh Capital city of Assyria Chaldeans part of the the that formed people Neo-babylonian I Nebuchadnezzar longest reigning king A Had Assyrians one of the Chaldeans / Neo-Babylonians machine mighty military The empire were violent loved fighting of the first compared people in Mesopotamia and violence professional to other armies armies of that time Assyrians fighting 4 2 force - . their and tactics military equipment greatest Their Their other nations to that at time fear was weapon superior were Fear reputation is an effective the empire but , would often People As Assyrians The They pushed - - - let - capital Mesopotamia fully decisions freely and report to Sennacherib and a toxic central rise related temporary group agreement ppl from Persia King Ashurbanipal built king was one Built - They many other countries hate them to Chaldeans and destroyed Assyria Empire kingdom built made Arabs/Hebrews top on a lands Sumerian of Nebuchadnezzar built the famous They cruelty Hanging of the beautiful seven city iggnrats and studied Gardens of wonders with stars High on Babylon of the ancient world Walls them Astronomy were not prepared for the rising Persian Empire from the East people by some prevented Neo-Babylonian Empire Babylonian famous of Medes of Built the new and famous ruling ? their fear ? environment Conquering huge library a people lose loyalty no it conquer why expand distrust since were had Nineveh A coalition - all of unable to were make kings Assyria's rapid - they - Empire Crumbles Their New resisted government governments , if - conquered but Egypt two of their famous Their the consequences What if - - into local knew and expands structure of - they surrender before attack to way not for battles fear can is effective then be Mesopotamia Graphic Organizer Civilization Sumeria / Akkadia - Hittites along Euphrates Ur - day Turkeys Crete based on nature Run - polytheism Polytheism by warriors formed - polytheism geometry astronomy City & - , spread beyond states - * Assyrians On coasts of the the -polytheism : led - important Not - Minos King dominated Their influence - Local Israel formed from Ur back Caanans - beautiful - Egypt-Torah Hebrew to Caanan governments Abraham could First -very -fishing Babylon built atop Sumerian lands Medes + Chaldeans Thated the Akkadians polytheism , >Ur< Caanan> >Egypt ten New emig - phonetic - Great King A rated from Levant > god Egypt Ten - - - Had the first Capital city professional >One of the of the ancient invasion ? Both ? conquered by Assyrians the by Baby Ionians 1 wonders world Built stars Astronomy Hanging on Ziggurats - Garden b the Akkadians Medes Destroyed by + + tools I formed Neo- Babylonian borders : Empire Jeruselm later split controlledbyIgaveAssyrians Jews Built beautiful Walls Conquered Conquered Alexander Eventually by them studied time I due to natural disaster ? > hanging garden same BCE Chaldeans (a coalition) Caanan Nebuchadnezzar collapsed Also Commenmands built to The Great army expanded Laws - - military tactics Commandments due 1200 ~foreig - Established colonies - tablets clay collapsed - and trade fell the outside invasions Controlled trade after Minoans - - library over 2, 000 first to hear Moses Bible collapsed - rich poetry Alphabet The - make decisions monotheism conquered by Hitties Sharin Path Egyptian the eastern Mediterranean myth -City-states - Akkadians conquered . Auge empire Levant - - use Carthage polytheism war between states them iron-Indo-Europeans -were defeated by Egypt -Great warriors First to -Chariots - Alphabet Mesopotamia in by Sargon dynasties trad rentes Moderalong City - - Mediterranean inequality Akkadians 1st empire - Phoenicians Gender Civil - * -Hammurabi-World's first complex-unfair Laws Law Hammurabi's Code system Around 1 egean Sea - - How Fell? Other Achievements -culture priests Sometimes Knossos - city-states in LOL Capital City - were - - Anatolia - Gods day Iraq) Mesopotamia - Lived polytheism igr18 - modern Minoans I - - river (modern Sumer - Old Babylon Lived and - Capital / Leaders Religion Geography , Akkadians things Persian Empire >New in Babylonians - freedom) didn't have freedom till the > Romans 1948 East is
