Topic 12 – Evidence from ionisation energies (HL)
Evidence from ionisation energies
1) From the graphs of successive ionisation energies below, explain which group of the
periodic table the elements belong to.
2) Study the graph of 4th to 11th ionisation energies for aluminium.
a) Explain why there is a large increase in ionisation energy between the 9th and 10th
ionisation energies.
b) Explain why the increase between the 6th and 7th ionisation energies is greater than the
increase between the 5th and 6th ionisation energies.
Topic 12 – Evidence from ionisation energies (HL)
Answers
1)
The element belongs in group 4 – there is a big
jump in ionisation energy between the 4th and 5th
ionisation energies. The 5th electron is being
removed from an energy level closer to the
nucleus, which has a stronger electrostatic
attraction and therefore requires more energy to
remove.
The element belongs in group 6 – there is a big
jump in ionisation energy between the 6th and 7th
ionisation energies. The 7th electron is being
removed from an energy level closer to the
nucleus, which has a stronger electrostatic
attraction and therefore requires more energy to
remove.
2)
a) The jump in ionisation energy between the 9th and 10th occurs because the 10th electron
is being removed from the 2s orbital which is closer to the nucleus and experiences a
stronger electrostatic attraction.
b) The bigger jump in ionisation energy between the 6th and 7th compared to the 5th and 6th
is because the 6th electron is removed from a doubly occupied p orbital. This requires less
energy to remove due to the repulsion between electrons.