10
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 3:
Chemical Reactions
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 3: Chemical Reactions
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer:
Catherine C. Manzano
Editor:
Ann Christian A. Francisco
Reviewer:
William M. Cinense
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Wensdy S. Casio
Layout Artist:
Aljhon U. Febrero
Management Team: May B. Eclar, CESO III
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
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Mary Queen P. Orpilla, PhD
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10
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 3:
Chemical Reactions
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests as provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will
tell you if you need to proceed with completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for a better understanding of the lesson. At the end
of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys
are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitator and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help on your
home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the
instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in
this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
2
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Chemistry. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are
now using.
This module is divided into two lessons namely:
● Lesson 1- Chemical Change
● Lesson 2- Chemical Reactions
After going through this module, you are expected to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
identify chemical change;
classify reactions according to the different types;
write chemical equations; and
apply the principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions
(S10MT-IVe-g-23).
What I Know
Directions. Choose at least 10 elements or compounds from the list given below. Then,
write the symbol or formula of your chosen elements or compounds. Write your answers
in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Water
11. Copper
2. Table salt
12. Baking Soda
3. Oxygen
13. Toothpaste
4. Sugar
14. Mouth wash
5. Iron
15. Carbon
6. Hydrogen
16. Vinegar
7. Aluminum
17. Nitrogen
8. Carbon Dioxide
18. Calcium
9. Sodium
19. Magnesium
10. Gold
20. Helium
3
Lesson
1
Chemical Change
Change is the only permanent thing in the world. Changes in matter can either be
physical or chemical. Physical change occurs when the appearance of an object is altered
without forming a new type of substance. Chemical change involves a transformation of
one substance into a new type by altering its chemical composition.
In your Grade 9 Science, you have learned that chemical bonding includes
breaking up of bonds and the formation of new bonds. When new bonds are formed, new
substances are also produced. These processes of bond breakage and formation cause
atoms to rearrange themselves brought chemical changes in matter.
What’s In
Activity 1
Directions. Classify the given processes into physical change or chemical change.
Write your answers in your notebook/ on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Burning of paper
2. Washing of plates
3. Leaves in a compost pit
4. Ripening of fruits
5. Leftover foods in the trash bins
4
What’s New
Activity 2: Exploring the Evidences of Chemical Reactions
Directions: Perform the simple experiment below. Write your answers in your
notebook/ on a separate sheet of paper.
Objective: Exploring chemical reactions
Materials Needed:
bleaching reagent (chlorox)
colored paper
mentos candy (5 pcs)
matchsticks
piece of paper
soft drinks (15 mL)
Procedures:
1. Place a piece of colored paper in a pan then pour a drop of bleaching agent
(chlorox). Observe what happens.
2. Open the soft drinks then put the mentos inside the bottle. Observe what
happens.
3. Get a piece of paper and lift it up using the matchstick. Observe.
Guide Questions:
1. What happened to the colored paper?
2. What is formed in coke after putting the mentos?
3. What is formed when you lift the paper?
What is It
Evidences of Chemical Reactions
Chemical change is caused by chemical reactions. Though reactions occur at
microscopic level there are still some observations or physical changes which can be used
as indicators that chemical reactions are happening. There are things that will help us to
identify if a certain substance undergoes chemical reactions and we call it evidences of
chemical reactions. The evidences are production of light, evolution of gas, temperature
change, change in intrinsic properties (color, odor) and formation of precipitate. Chemical
reactions are observed with the combination of the 5 evidences.
Fire was the greatest discovery of all time. The earliest people considered it as one
of the earliest elements. George Ernst Stahl stated that when a material burns, it releases
a substance known as phlogiston and he called it the Phlogiston Theory. Antoine Lavoisier
contradicts this theory as he carefully observed in his experiment that instead of releasing
5
a substance, the material being burned reacts with oxygen. This is now known as the
Theory of Oxidation, and this is accepted up to this day.
There are 3 factors that should be present in proper conditions and proportions for
burning to occur:
1. Fuel
2. Oxygen
3. Heat
What’s More
Activity 3
Directions: Identify the evidences that occurred in the given chemical change. Choose
your answers inside the box and write them in your notebook/ on a separate sheet of
paper.
Production of light
Evolution of gas
Change in intrinsic properties
1.
2.
3.
4.
Temperature change
Formation of precipitate
burning of paper
leftover foods in the trash bins
dead rat
ripening of mango
6
What I Have Learned
1. When a physical change occurs there is no breaking and forming of bonds. There
are certain things that will help us identify if a chemical reaction has taken place.
We call these evidences of chemical reactions. These are production of light,
evolution of gas, temperature change, color change, and formation of precipitate.
2. Three factors that should be present in proper conditions and proportions for
burning to occur: fuel, oxygen, & heat
What I Can Do
Activity 3. Recreate Me
Objective: Apply the evidences of chemical reactions
Materials:
Black t-shirt
bleach (cholorox)
double-sided tape
Procedures:
1. Place the t-shirt on a flat surface.
2. Use double-sided tape to form your desired design.
3. Pour on the bleach on the t-shirt.
4. Let it dry.
7
Lesson
2
Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions create new substances. Substances that undergo chemical
changes is called reactant while the new type of substances formed is product.
Chemical equation describes chemical reactions by identifying the reactants and
products. It also uses symbols and formulas of substances involved in the chemical
reaction.
What’s In
Activity 4
Directions. Group the following ingredients used in cooking sopas, pork adobo and
burger. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
a bun
pork
macaroni
margarine
tomatoes
onion
burger patty
black pepper
soy sauce
garlic
carrots
onion
evaporated milk
chicken
cabbage
hotdog
garlic
cheese
lettuce
vinegar
sopas
pork adobo
8
burger
What is It
Chemical equation shows the symbols or formulas of the reactants and products,
the phases (solid, liquid, gas) of these substances, and the ratio of the substances as they
react. In writing chemical equations, you should know the common symbols needed in
writing equations.
Symbols
+
→
(s), (l), (g), (aq)
HEAT
Pt
Example of chemical equation:
2 𝐻2(𝑔) + 𝑂2(𝑔)
Reactants
Meaning
Shows a combination of reactants or
products
To produce; to form; to yield
(s)-solid
(l)-liquid
(g)-gas
(aq)aqueous
(substance is dissolved in water)
Reversible reaction
Indicates that heat is supplied to the
reaction
A formula written above or below the
yield sign indicates its use as a
catalyst or solvent
2 𝐻2 𝑂
Product
There are different types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, single
displacement, double displacement, combustion, and acid-base reaction.
Different Types of Chemical Reactions
COMBINATION OR SYNTHESIS REACTION
When 2 or more reactants combine to form a single product
A + B → AB
DECOMPOSITION REACTION
A single reactant breaks down into simpler ones. (2 or more products)
AB
→
A+B
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT or Replacement REACTION
When one element replaces another element from a compound. The more active
element takes the place of the less active element in a compound.
A + BC → AC + B
9
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION (Metathesis)
When the positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) of different compounds
switch places, forming two entirely different compounds
AB + CD → AD + CB
COMBUSTION (Burning) REACTION
When oxygen combines with a hydrocarbon (compound containing hydrogen and
carbon) to form a water and carbon dioxide. Example of which is the burning of
butane gas.
CH4 + O2
→
𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑐𝐻4 𝐻10 + 𝑂2
ACID-BASE REACTION
A special kind of double displacement reaction that takes place when an acid and
base react with each other. The H+ of the acid reacts with the OH- of the base
forming water. The other product is salt.
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
Activity 5
Directions. Classify the following unbalanced chemical equations according to the six
types of chemical reactions. Write your answers in your notebook/ on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. AgNO3 + Cu
→ Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
2. P4 + O2 →
P2O5
3. HBr + Al(OH)3 → AlBr3 + H2O
4. O3 → O- + O2
5. C3H6O + O2
→ CO2 + H2O
6. HBr + KOH
→ KBr + H2O
7. H2 + N2 → NH3
8. Hg2O → Hg + O2
9. Cl2 + NaBr
→ NaCl + Br
10. CH4 + O2
→ CO2 + H2O
11. SO2 + O2 → SO3
12. HgO → Hg + O2
13. P + O2 → P4O10
14. KClO4 → KCl + O2
15. Fe2O3 + C → Fe + CO2
16. H2 + AgNO3 → Ag + HNO3
17. CaCO3 + HCl → CaCl2 + H2CO3
18. Cu + AgNO3 → Ag + Cu(NO3)2
19. Mg + O2 → MgO + energy
20. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
10
During a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed. Atoms of
substances undergoing reactions simply rearrange themselves thus matter is said to be
conserved. This concept is known as the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Activity 6: Popcorn Mass
Directions. Answer the questions given below based on your observations. Do this in
your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
Note to the students and parents/guardian:
Ask the help of your guardian/ parent in performing this activity.
Objective: Perform an activity that illustrates Law of Conservation of Mass
Materials:
Popcorn kernel (5 grams)
Oil
Weighing scale
Frying Pan
Procedures:
1. Weigh the popcorn kernels and the oil that you will be using.
2. Cook the popcorn kernels in the pan. Be careful in using the stove.
3. Weigh the cooked popcorns.
Guide Question:
What is the difference between the weight of the uncooked popcorns and the cooked
popcorns?
Balancing Equation
Balancing chemical equations is done to obey the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Balanced equations depict that the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the
number of atoms on the product side. Generally, making the atoms at both sides of the
equation is done by putting coefficients before the symbol or formula of the substances
present in the equation.
To balance a chemical equation, we have to perform the following steps:
1. Rewrite the unbalanced chemical equation.
Example: Al + O2 → Al2O3
2. Make a list of all the elements on the reactants (left) and products (right).
Reactants
Products
Al:
Al:
O:
O:
3. Identify the atoms in each element.
Reactants
Products
Al: 1
Al: 2
O: 2
O: 3
11
4. Multiply the numbers of atoms. Observe the element whose atom is not equal.
Reactants
Products
Al: 1 ∙ 2 = 2
Al: 2
O: 2 ∙ 3 = 6
O: 3 ∙ 2 = 6
5. Place coefficient in front of the equation.
2 Al + 3 O2
→
2 Al2O3
Reactants
Products
Al: 1 ∙ 2 = 2
Al: 2
O: 2 ∙ 3 = 6
O: 3 ∙ 2 = 6
6. Check your equation. If it is not balanced rework your multiplication.
4 Al + 3 O2
→
2 Al2O3
Reactants
Products
Al: 1 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 = 4
Al: 2∙ 2 = 4
O: 2 ∙3 = 6
O: 3 ∙ 2 = 6
7. Balance chemical equation
4 Al + 3 O2 →
2 Al2O3
Reactants
Products
Al: 4
Al: 4
O: 6
O: 6
What’s More
Activity 7
Directions. Choose 5 equations and balance them by following the appropriate steps.
Write your answers in your notebook/ on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Fe + O2 → Fe2O3
2. H2 + Cl2 → HCl
3. Ag + H2S → Ag2S + H2
4. CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
5. HgO → Hg + O2
6. Cu + AgNO3 →
Ag + Cu(NO3)2
7. SO2 + O2 → SO3
8. CaCO3 + HCl → CaCl2 + H2CO3
9. P + O2 →
P4O10
10. KClO4 →
KCl + O2
12
What I Have Learned
1. A chemical equation is a chemist’s shorthand for a chemical reaction. It shows the
symbols or formulas of the reactants and products, the phases (solid, liquid, gas) of
these substances and the ratio of the substances as they react.
2. Chemical reactions are classified according to the following types:
combination: A + B → AB
decomposition: AB → A + B
single displacement: A + BC → AC + B
double displacement: AB + CD → AD + CB
combustion (reaction with oxygen-producing carbon dioxide and water)
acid-base: reaction between acid and base
3. Law of Conservation of Mass states that during physical and chemical changes,
matter cannot be created nor destroyed; the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass
of products.
What I Can Do
Activity 8.
Directions: Decode the message below by matching the balanced equation of column A
to column B. Write your answers and solutions in your notebook/on a separate sheet of
paper.
Column A
1. Co + H2O → Co2O3 + H2
2. Fe+ Cl2 → FeCl3
3. Al + CuCl2 → AlCl3 + Cu
4. Fe+ O2 → Fe2O3
5. FeBr3+ H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3+ HBr
6. C4H6O3+ H2O → C2H4O2
7. C2H4+ O2 → CO2+ H2O
8. C4H10O+ O2 → CO2+ H2O
9. C7H16 + O2 → CO2+ H2O
10. H2SiCl2+ H2O → H8Si4O4+ HCl
Column B
A. 4 H2SiCl2+4 H2O →H8Si4O4+8 HCl
C. C2H4+3 O2 → 2 CO2+2 H2O
E. 2 FeBr3+3 H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3+6 HBr
H. 2 Al + 3 CuCl2 → 2 AlCl3 + 3 Cu
I. C4H6O3+H2O→2 C2H4O2
M. C7H16+11 O2 →7 CO2+8 H2O
R. 2 Fe+3 Cl2 → 2 FeCl3
S. 4 Fe+3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
T. 2 Co + 3 H2O → Co2O3 + 3 H2
Y. C4H10O+6 O2 → 4 CO2+5 H2O
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
7
3
5
9 6 4
1 2
8
13
___ ___
6
4
___ ___ ___ ___
5 10 4
8
Assessment
Multiple Choice.
Directions. Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer and write it
on your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of
a.
b.
c.
d.
the following is not an evidence of chemical reactions?
Evolution of Gas
Production of light
Same substance
Temperature change
2. Who discovered the Phlogiston theory?
a. Amadeo Avogadro
b. Antoine Lavoiser
c. Charles Darwin
d. George Ernst Stahl
3. Who is the proponent of the Oxidation theory?
a. Amadeo Avogadro
b. Antoine Lavoiser
c. Charles Darwin
d. George Ernst Stahl
4. For burning to occur, the following factors should be present in proper conditions and
proportions.
I. Fuel
II. Oxygen
III Heat
IV.Nitrogen
a. I, II, III
b. I, II, IV
I, III, IV
c. II, III, IV
5. How does a reactant differ from a product?
a. Reactants are the entering material.
b. Products are the resulting substances.
c. Both a and b
d. none of a, b c
6. A + BC
a.
b.
c.
d.
→ AC + B is an equation used in __________________.
Combination reaction
Decomposition Reaction
Double displacement reaction
Single displacement reaction
7. NAOH +
a.
b.
c.
d.
KNO3 →
NaNO2 + KOH is the formula used in __________________.
Combination reaction
Decomposition Reaction
Double displacement reaction
Single displacement reaction
14
8. How many atoms of Zn, H, Cl are present in the reactants below?
Zn + 2 HCl
→
ZnCl2 + H2
a. 1;1;1
b. 1;2;2
c. 2;2;2
d. none of a,b
9. It is the law which states that the total mass of reactant is equal to the total mass of
the product. No new atoms are created nor destroyed.
a. Law of Conservation of Energy
b. Law of Conservation of Mass
c. Law of Conservation of Momentum
d. Law of Conservation of Weight
10. It is an equation that uses chemical symbols and formulas to represent a chemical
reaction.
a. Chemical equation
b. Nuclear equation
c. Nuclear reaction
d. Mathematical equation
Additional Activities
Poster Making
Directions. In a short bond paper, draw one scenario inside your house that undergoes
chemical reactions. Illustrate first the original setting then identify what happens during
reactions and draw the product or the output.
Rubrics for Scoring
Category
Sketch
Understanding
the topic
5 pts
The sketch is neat,
and necessary
markings are
found on the
paper. It shows a
clear and legible
concept.
The learner
understood the
lesson and can
apply it to the
activity.
4 pts
The sketch is
legible. The
concept is
clear and
legible but can
neater
3pts
The sketch is
somewhat
okay but is not
exactly neat
and legible.
1pt
The sketch is
not legible or
clear at all.
The learner
has sufficient
comprehensio
n of the lesson
and can apply
it to the
activity.
The learner
has sufficient
understanding
of the lesson
but is not
applied in the
activity.
The learner
has not
understood
most of the
lesson &
cannot apply
it to the
activity.
Total: (10 pts)
15
Score
What’s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In
Chemical change
Physical change
Chemical change
Chemical change
Chemical change
What’s New
Q1. Answers may vary
Q2. Answers may vary
Q3. Answers may vary
Activity 4
Burger
a bun, burger patty,
tomato, cheese, lettuce
Pork Adobo
onion, garlic, pork, soy
sauce, vinegar, black
pepper
Sopas
macaroni, evaporated
milk, onion, garlic,
chicken, hotdog, carrots,
cabbage, margarine
16
Activity 5
1. Single Displacement
2. Synthesis
3. Double Displacement
4. Decomposition
5. Combustion
6. Acid-base
7. Synthesis
8. Decomposition
9. Single Displacement
10. Combustion
11. Combustion
12. Decomposition
13. Combustion
14. Decomposition
15. Single Displacement
16. Single Displacement
17. Double Displacement
18. Single Displacement
19. Combustion
20. Acid-base
Activity 6
Equal
Activity 7
1. 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
2. H2 + Cl2 → 2 HCl
3. 2 Ag + H2S → Ag2S +
H2
4. CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2
H2O
5. 2 HgO → 2 Hg + O2
6. Cu + 2AgNO3 →
2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
7. 2 SO3 + O2 → 2 SO3
8. CaCO3 + 2 HCl →
CaCl2 + H2CO3
9. 4P + 5O2 → P4O10
10. KClO4 → KCl + 2O2
Activity 8
CHEMISTRY IS EASY
Assessment
1.c
2.d
3.b
4.c
5.c
6.d
7.c
8.b
9.b
10.a
Answer Key
References
A. Book
Acosta, Herma D. et. al (2015). Science Learner’S Manual. 1st edition. Rex
Bookstore, Inc., 5th Floor Mabini Building Deped Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig
City.
B. Websites
https://chem.liretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/chem_1
402%3A_General_chemistry_1_(belford)/Text/3%3A_chemical_reactions/3.1%A_I
ntoduction_to_chemial_Equations
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/conservation-matter-during-physical-and
chemical-changes/6th-grade/
https://terpconnect.umd.edu/-wbreslyn/chemistry/reactions/inde.html
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.instructales.om/how-to-alane-a-chemicalequations-1/%3famp_page=true
17
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