Positive and Negative ion tests
Test
①
for positive ions
flame test
'
'
:
:
Method
q.oq.ge
cations
1-
results
:
clean
nichrome
nichrome
wire
wire
1¥
@
;É%
.
Dip
2-
3- Hold sample in
>
you
use
to
have
blue
a
1.
nichrome wire in
Roaring
flame
② Precipitation
Method
'
because
Copper
a
Reactions
add sodium
:
'
blue
orange
sample
burner
would mash the
flame
flame
+
20h
Cu COM)
>
Cag)
2
( s)
+
20h
-
>
Cag)
agg
"
( 111
Fe }
+
( aq )
:
+
301-1
Fe COH) }
-
caq)
s
( s)
-
v
brown
precipitate
③ testing
for ammonium ions ( Nhut )
Method
add
Result
:
:
A
-
☆
hydroxide
sodium
choking
colourless
gas is
s
which is ammonia
>
to test
>
damp litmus paper
>
-
Fe ( OH )z ( s )
green precipitate
Iron
_
am
-
Fez Cag ,
.
brick red
:
+
3
¥
test
pure cipitate
blue
Iron ( II )
crimson red
hydroxide
-
this
this tells
us
:
produced
hold the gas
turns
over
damp
litmus
blue
that ammonia
barium
gas is present
¥
yellow
=
sodium
"
:
-
-1
.
=
:
CUZ Cag )
2
green
¥
sample
bunsen
luminous
-
:
paper
=
=
lithium
calcium
¥
blue
¥
lilac
-
=
green
=
copper
potassium