Regra Geral
Substantivo + s
book - books
machine - machines
picture - pictures
house - houses
pencil - pencils
egg - eggs
Substantivos terminados em s, sh, ch, x e z
Substantivo + es
bus - buses
kiss - kisses
wish - wishes
watch - watches
box - boxes
buzz - buzzes
Observação 1
Alguns substantivos terminados em “ch” mas
com som de “k” recebem apenas “s” no final.
stomach(k) - stomachs
patriarch(k) - patriarchs
epoch(k) - epochs
monarch(k) - monarchs
Substantivos terminados em “o”
Substantivo + es
tomato - tomatoes
potato - potatoes
hero - heroes
negro - negroes
embargo - embargoes
Observação 2
Em alguns substantivos terminados em “o”
acrescenta-se apenas o “s”.
piano - pianos
radio - radios
photo - photos
bamboo - bamboos
studio - studios
tango - tangos
concerto – concertos
solo - solos
Substantivos terminados em “y” e
precedidos de consoante
Substantivo - y + ies
city - cities
secretary - secretaries
lady - ladies
victory - victories
fly - flies
Substantivos terminados em
“y” e precedidos de vogal.
Substantivo + s
boy - boys
toy - toys
valley - valleys
day - days
key - keys
Substantivos terminados em “f” ou “fe”
Substantivo - f - fe + ves
half - halves
life - lives
knife - knives
leaf - leaves
loaf - loaves
shelf - shelves
wolf - wolves
wife - wives
Observação 3
Em alguns substantivos terminados
em “f” ou “fe” acrescentamos apenas o “s”.
roof - roofs
sheriff - sheriffs
gulf - gulfs
proof - proofs
safe - safes
dwarf - dwarfs
belief - beliefs
chief - chiefs
reef - reefs
cliff - cliffs
turf - turfs
grief - griefs
Plurais irregulares
Têm forma própria
man - men
woman - women
child - children
tooth - teeth
foot - feet
mouse - mice
louse - lice
ox - oxen
goose - geese
die - dice
Especiais 1
Alguns substantivos têm a mesma forma
para o singular e o plural.
bison
deer
fish
fruit
reindeer
salmon
trout
grouse
sheep
swine
Especiais 2
Alguns substantivos
não têm a forma singular.
trousers
spectacles
clothes
pliers
shorts
socks
scissors
pants
stockings
glasses
Alguns substantivos embora pareçam estar no
singular, têm sentido plural; portanto, o verbo
que os acompanha é usado no plural.
cattle
police
people
government
staff
team
audience
commitee
are
were
don’t
have
Substantivos pátrios (referentes a
nacionalidade) variam de acordo com
a nacionalidade.
Portuguese – Portuguese
Japanese – Japanese
English – English
French – French
British – British
Brazilian – Brazilians
Greek – Greeks
Italian – Italians
American – Americans
Belgian – Belgians
Substantivos compostos de
dois ou mais nomes
substantivo + preposição +substantivo
Acrescenta-se o “s” no principal
sister - in - law  sisters - in - law
mother - in - law  mothers - in - law
son – in - law  sons – in - law
Substantivos compostos de
dois ou mais nomes
Verbo + preposição
Acrescenta-se o “s” na preposição
back up  back ups
check up  check ups
set up  set ups
warm up  warm ups
workout  workouts
Algumas palavras com terminação
em “s”…
...se apresentam na forma singular
Mathematics
Mechanics
Physics
Optics
Economics
Phonetics
News
is
was
doesn’t
has
Plurais de palavras estrangeiras - 1
us  i
Alguns substantivos terminados em "us" têm
plurais terminados em "i".
nucleus - nuclei (núcleo)
radius - radii (raio geométrico)
stimulus - stimuli (estímulo)
cactus - cacti (cacto)
alumnus - alumni (ex aluno)
bacillus - bacilli (bacilo)
locus - loci (lugar)
Plurais de palavras estrangeiras - 2
us  ra
Entretanto, outros substantivos terminados
em "us" têm diferentes formas de plural..
corpus - corpora (corpo)
genus - genera (gênero)
Plurais de palavras estrangeiras - 3
Substantivos terminados em "um" geralmente
têm plurais terminando em "a".
um  a
aquarium - aquaria (aquário)
memorandum - memoranda (memorando)
datum - data (informação)
medium - media (meio/médio, meio de
comunicação)
erratum - errata (errata, correção)
bacterium - bacteria (bactéria)
Plurais de palavras estrangeiras - 4
ae
Alguns plurais terminados em "a" têm plurais
terminando em "e".
larva - larvae (larva)
vertebra - vertebrae (vértebra)
alga - algae (alga)
alumna -alumna e (ex aluna)
formula - formulae (fórmula)
Plurais de palavras estrangeiras - 5
is  es
Substantivos terminados em "is" têm plurais
nos quais o "is" é substituído por "es" .
analysis - analyses (análise)
crisis - crises (crise)
hypothesis - hypotheses (hipótese)
basis - bases (base)
parenthesis - parentheses (parêntese)
synopsis - synopses (resumo)
thesis - theses (tese)
oasis - oases (oásis)
axis - axes (eixo, caule)
Plurais de palavras estrangeiras - 6
ix / ex  ices
Substantivos terminados em "ix" ou "ex" têm
plurais têm plurais terminados em "ices".
appendix - appendices (apêndice)
index - indices (índice)
matrix - matrices (matriz)
Plurais de palavras estrangeiras - 7
on  a
Alguns substantivos de origem grega os
quais terminam em "on" têm plurais nos
quais o "on" é substituído por "a".
criterion - criteria (critério)
phenomenon - phenomena (fenômeno)
Check the form of the verb “singular” or “plural”:
1.The trousers you bought for me (doesn’t / don’t) fit me.
2.Physics (was / were) my best subject in school.
3.Fortunately the news (wasn’t / weren’t) as bad as we had
expected.
4.The police (want / wants) to interview John about the
robbery.
5.Three days (isn’t / aren’t) long enough for a good
holiday.
6.Where (does / do) your family live?
7.England (has / have) lost all their football matches this
season.
8.(Does / Do)the police know about the stolen money?
9.Can I borrow your scissors? Mine (isn’t / aren’t) sharp
enough.
10.I’m going to take a taxi. Six miles (is / are) too far for me
to walk.
11. His clothes ( is/ are ) old fashioned and weird.
12. People ( avoid / avoids ) her due to her bad temper.
13. Manchester United ( has / have ) several titles up to now.
14. Twenty miles (are / is ) a long way. Give up!
15. The government ( is / are ) discussing the issue now.
16. Arsenal ( is / are ) predictable, weak and lack a winning
mentality.
17. Phonetics ( has / have ) has been studied at Oxford for
about four hundreds years.
18. The cattle ( have / has ) lots of space here.
(UNISANTA - SP) - Choose the correct group of words
in the plural:
a) shelfs, calves, thieves;
b) leafs, wolves, halves;
c) dishes, chieves, proofs;
d) lifes, knives, tomatoes;
e) handkerchiefs, dwarfs, safes.
Test 1
(UFBA) - A única palavra abaixo em cujo plural o "y"
não é substituído por "ies" é
a) lady;
b) baby;
c) family;
d) cowboy;
e) fancy
Test 2
(UniABC - SP) - Assinale a alternativa em que todas as
formas de plural estejam corretas.
a) boxes - echoes - surveys - wives;
b) wolfes - handkerchiefs - pianos - selfs;
c) men - salesmen - halfs - dice;
d) calfs - pence - wharfs - dynamos;
e) libraries - houses - stomaches - flys.
Test 3
(UNESP - SP) - All these words follow the same rule to
form the plural, except:
a) plural in "ies" - daisy, lady, baby, city, fly;
b) plural in "es" - watch, church, negro, dish, brush;
c) plural in "ves" - wife, half, calf, chief, leaf;
d) plural in "s" - cowboy, valley, key, way, day;
e) change of internal vowel - goose, tooth, foot, louse,
mouse.
Test 4
(FEPAR - PR) - Which of these words follows the same
rule for plural formation of "processes"
a) case - class;
b) tomato - match;
c) glass - day;
d) box - cube;
e) ox - bush,
Test 5
(UEMA) - Which of the following groups consists
of words which do not form their plural in "ves"?
a) elf - dwarf - scarf;
b) shelf - calf - thief;
c) life - knife - leaf;
d) loaf - wolf - half;
e) chief - reef - proof.
Test 6
(MACK - SP) - Choose de correct sequence of
the plural of the following nouns:
a) polices - clotheses - die - bacterium - phenomenon;
b) police - clothes - dice - bacteria - phenomenons;
c) polices - clothes - dice - bacteria - phenomenons;
d) police - clothes - dice - bacteria - phenomena;
e) police - clothes - dice - bacteria - phenomenon.
Test 7
(FUVEST-SP) - Choose the right alternative with the
correct sentence:
a) The mice were caught by the cook,
b) The mouse was caught by the cooker,
c) The mice was catched by the cook,
d) The mouse were catched by the cooker,
e) The mouse was catched by the cook.
Test 8
(PUC - PR) - Mark the best option:
She seems very mature for a_____________.
a) girl with fifteen years;
b) girl who has fifteen years;
c) fifteen-year-old girl;
d) girl of fifteen year;
e) fifteen-years-old girl.
Test 9
(ITA - SP) - The United States _________ a big
country
a) is;
b) are;
c) have;
d) "a" e "b" corretas;
e) todas são corretas.
Test 10