Introduction to Management
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Management Definitions
According to Harold Koontz, Management is the art of getting
things done through and with people in formally organized
groups.
Harold Koontz
According to Peter Drucker, Management is a multipurpose organ that manages business, managers, workers,
and work.
Peter Drucker
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Management Definitions Contd.
Management is a process of designing and maintaining an
environment where individuals working in groups efficiently
accomplish selected aims - Koontz and Heinz Weihrich.
Heinz Weihrich.
Management is the effective utilization of human and material
resources to achieve the enterprise objectives – Willian F. Glueck.
Willian F. Glueck
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Management as an Activity: Management is an activity just like playing, studying,
teaching, etc.
• As activity management has been defined as the art of getting things done
through other people’s efforts.
• Management is a group activity wherein managers do to achieve the objectives of the
group. The activities of management are: Interpersonal activities, Decisional
activities, Informative activities
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Management as a Process Management is considered a process because It involves
a series of interrelated functions.
• It consists of getting the objectives of an organization and taking steps to achieve
objectives.
• The management process includes planning, organizing, staffing, directing,
and controlling functions.
Management as a process has the following implications:
• Social Process: Interactions among people.
• Integrated Process: Management brings human, physical, and financial resources
together to put into the effort.
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Continuous Process: Management involves continuously identifying and solving
problems
• Interactive process: Managerial functions are contained within each other.
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Management as a Team :
• As a group of persons, management consists of all those responsible for guiding and coordinating
other persons' efforts.
• These persons are managers who operate at different levels of authority (top, middle, operating).
Management as an Economic Resource
• Like land, labor, and capital, management is an essential factor of production.
• Management occupies the central place among productive factors as it combines and coordinates all
other resources.
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Management as an Academic Discipline
• Management has emerged as a specialized branch of knowledge. It comprises principles and
practices for the effective management of organizations.
• Management has become a popular field of study in institutes and offers a rewarding and
challenging career.
Management as a Group
• Management means the group of persons occupying managerial positions. It refers to all those
individuals who perform managerial functions.
• All the managers, e.g., the chief executive (managing director), departmental heads,
supervisors, and so on, are collectively known as management.
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Organization
An organization is a social arrangement, which pursues collective goals, controls its
performance, and has a boundary separating it from its environment. Organizations consist of
individuals who work together and depend on one another; what brings them together is the
common goal they are striving to achieve.
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Management is Art or Science ??
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Management: Science or Art?
Art
• Know-how
• Practice
Science
• Knowledge
• Theory
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Management is both Science and Art
• It has an organized body of knowledge but
requires necessary skills on the part of the
manager
• Science provides knowledge about certain
things, and Art teaches us to do certain things
by the application of knowledge and skills
A manager should be an Applied Scientist.
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Types of decisions
Decisions are part of the manager's remit.
Difficult choices may have to be made for
the common good of the organization.
There are three types of decisions in
business:
•Strategic
•Tactical
•Operational
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Managerial Roles
For better understanding, Mintzberg categorized all activities into ten managerial roles performed
over a day. These are as follows:
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Interpersonal Roles
1. Figurehead – includes symbolic duties which are legal or social in nature. E.g., Cutting the
ribbon at the ceremony for the opening of a new building
2. Leader – includes all aspects of being a good leader. This involves building a team,
coaching the members, motivating them, and developing strong relationships. E.g., Helping
subordinates to set monthly performance goals
3. Liaison – includes developing and maintaining a network outside the office for information
and assistance. E.g., Representing the retail sales division of the company at a regional
sales meeting
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Informational Roles
1. Monitor – includes seeking information regarding the issues affecting the organization. Also, this
includes internal as well as external information. E.g., Finding out about legal restrictions on new
product technology
2. Disseminator – On receiving any important information from internal or external sources, the exact
needs to be disseminated or transmitted within the organization. E.g., Providing current production
figures to workers on the assembly line
3. Spokesperson – Managers represent and speak for their organization. In this role, you're responsible
for transmitting information about your organization and its goals to the people outside it.
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Decisional Management Roles
The managerial roles in this category involve using information.
1.Entrepreneur – As a manager, you create and control organizational change. This means solving
problems, generating new ideas, and implementing them.
2.Disturbance Handler – When an organization or team hits an unexpected roadblock, the manager
must take charge. You also need to help mediate disputes within it.
3.Resource Allocator – You'll also need to determine where organizational resources are best applied.
This involves allocating funding and assigning staff and other organizational resources.
4.Negotiator – You may be needed to take part in and direct important negotiations within your team,
department, or organization.
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The Croods Breakfast
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKY_ZBU_Cdo
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Googlers,
I have some difficult news to share. We’ve decided to reduce our workforce by
approximately 12,000 roles. We’ve already sent a separate email to employees in the
US who are affected. This process will take longer in other countries due to local laws
and practices.
This will mean saying goodbye to some incredibly talented people we worked hard to
hire and have loved working with. I’m deeply sorry for that. The fact that these
changes will impact the lives of Googlers weighs heavily on me, and I take full
responsibility for the decisions that led us here.
Over the past two years, we’ve seen periods of dramatic growth. To match and fuel
that growth, we hired for a different economic reality than the one we face today.
I am confident about the massive opportunity in front of us thanks to the strength of
our mission, the value of our products and services, and our early investments in AI.
To fully capture it, we’ll need to make tough choices. So, we’ve undertaken a rigorous
review across product areas and functions to ensure that our people and roles align
with our highest company priorities. The roles we’re eliminating reflect the outcome
of that review. They cut across Alphabet, product areas, functions, levels, and
regions.
To the Googlers who are leaving us: Thank you for working so hard to help people
and businesses everywhere. Your contributions have been invaluable, and we are
grateful for them.
While this transition won’t be easy, we’re going to support employees as they look for
their next opportunity.
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-Sundar
In the US:
•We’ll pay employees during the full notification period (minimum 60 days).
•We’ll also offer a severance package starting at 16 weeks salary plus two weeks for every additional year at Google,
and accelerate at least 16 weeks of GSU vesting.
•We’ll pay 2022 bonuses and remaining vacation time.
•We’ll be offering 6 months of healthcare, job placement services, and immigration support for those affected.
•Outside the US, we’ll support employees in line with local practices.
As an almost 25-year-old company, we’re bound to go through difficult economic cycles. These are important moments to sharpen
our focus, reengineer our cost base, and direct our talent and capital to our highest priorities.
Being constrained in some areas allows us to bet big on others. Pivoting the company to be AI-first years ago led to
groundbreaking advances across our businesses and the whole industry.
Thanks to those early investments, Google’s products are better than ever. And we’re getting ready to share some entirely new
experiences for users, developers and businesses, too. We have a substantial opportunity in front of us with AI across our products
and are prepared to approach it boldly and responsibly.
All this work is a continuation of the “healthy disregard for the impossible” that’s been core to our culture from the beginning.
When I look around Google today, I see that same spirit and energy driving our efforts. That’s why I remain optimistic about our
ability to deliver on our mission, even on our toughest days. Today is certainly one of them.
I’m sure you have many questions about how we’ll move forward. We’ll be organizing a town hall on Monday. Check your calendar
for details. Until then, please take good care of yourselves as you absorb this difficult news. As part of that, if you are just starting
your work day, please feel free to work from home today.
-Sundar
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