Sunday, September 26, 2021
Atomic Structure
Take out your periodic table!
If you get stuck, look back to last lesson’s notes.
1. A compound contains silver and oxygen.
What is it called?
2. A compound contains calcium, carbon and
oxygen. What is it called?
3. A Year 7 student says, “if you put
magnesium and fluorine together you get
fluorine magnide”. What would you say to
help them?
…containing 2
elements
simply keep the
name of the metal
the same and
change the ending
of the non-metal to
-ide
…containing 3 or
more elements
simply change the
ending of the
compound to -ate
#3
Use the periodic table to remind
you of any elements that you need
and use step #2 to write out the
name of the compound
Let’s try one together
3 capital letters
CuSO4
copper, sulphur, oxygen
= copper sulphate
One more….
2nd capital
letter
Li2O
Lithium oxide
1st capital
letter
2 elements = ide rule
Using the technique you have just seen, name
the following compounds
Chemical formula
NaCl
CaCO3
KNO3
MgO
CaF2
Compound
Sodium chloride
Calcium carbonate
Potassium nitrate
Magnesium oxide
Calcium fluoride




Find Lithium in the periodic table.
What’s the symbol?
What is the top number?
What is the bottom number?
Think, Pair and Share…
 True or False…?
 Atoms cannot be split up into anything
smaller.
 Atoms are solid objects and nothing can
pass through them.
 There are millions of different kinds of
atoms.
 No-one has ever seen an atom.
Think, Pair and Share…
 True or False…?
 Atoms cannot be split up into anything
False!
smaller.
 Atoms are solid objects and nothing
can
False!
pass through them.
 There are millions of different kindsFalse!
of
atoms.
 No-one has ever seen an atom.
False!
All matter is made up of particles called atoms.
These atoms are made up of even simpler subatomic particles.
These are called protons, electrons, and
neutrons.
Challenge
Draw the diagram to the left. Can
you add these labels?
•Nucleus
•Proton
•Neutron
•Electron shells
•Electron
At the centre of an atom is a positive nucleus. If the atom was the size
of the Coca Cola arena, the nucleus would be the size of a table
tennis ball!
The nucleus is made up of positive protons, and neutral neutrons.
The nucleus is surrounded by electrons.
These electrons are arranged in layers, or shells, sometimes these
shells are called energy levels.
Electron
Nucleus
Electron Shells
Proton
Neutron
Complete your table using the information
about sub-atomic particles around the room.
Particle
Relative Charge
Relative Mass
Where in the
atom is it found?
Proton
+1
1
In the nucleus
Neutron
0
1
In the nucleus
Electron
-1
Almost 0 (actually In shells
0.0005)
surrounding the
nucleus
So far scientists have identified 118 different
types of atom.
This means there are 118 different elements.
Each element has a fixed number of protons in
its nucleus.
Look at Lithium (Li) on your Periodic Table
(page 120 of your planner).
Lithium looks like this on the table, this is known
as the ‘nuclear symbol.’
This is the mass number.
The mass number of an
atom is the total number
of protons and neutrons
in the nucleus.
This is the atomic number
for lithium. This number
tells us how many protons
are in the nucleus. No
other element has the
same atomic number as
lithium.
7
Li
3
We know that the
‘Li’ is the
chemical symbol
for lithium, but
what do those
numbers mean?
You can use the nuclear symbol for an atom to work
out the number of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus. The nuclear symbol for Phosphorus (P) is
shown below. How many protons and neutrons are
in its nucleus?
31
P
15
31
P
15
The atomic number is 15.
This is the number of protons
in the nucleus.
The mass number is 31.
This is the total number of
protons and neutrons in the
nucleus.
So, 31 – 15 = 16.
1.
Using the nuclear symbols shown for these
atoms, write down the numbers of protons
and neutrons in the nucleus of each atom.
16
23
8
11
O
2.
Na
An atom of potassium (K), has 19 protons
and 20 neutrons in its nucleus. Write down
the nuclear symbol for this atom.
Swap your work with the person sitting next to
you.
1. Oxygen (O) has 8 protons and 8 neutrons.
Sodium (Na) has 11 protons, and 12
neutrons.
2. The nuclear symbol for potassium should
39
look like this:
K
19