COMMUNICATION
PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES
& ETHICS
“If you can communicate, you can get
by.
But if you can communicate skillfully,
you can work miracles.”
-- Jim Rohn
OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson you are expected to:
• increase knowledge in communication, its processes and
principles hence become more skillful communicators;
• heighten awareness on communication ethics resulting
conscientious and respectful interactions; and
• apply the gained knowledge through class exercises
TRUE OR FALSE?
• Man can not communicate.
• Communication is very powerful.
• Everything created by the great Creator is incessantly
engaged in various forms of communication.
• We are always engaged in almost all sorts of communication.
• Communication is something continuous and may not have a
definite end.
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
• Is a human act of sending (verbal or nonverbal; online of
offline) and receiving of messages where interpretations are
normally constructed in the process.
• Is a process whereby people create and transmit meaning
through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages in
particular context (Oetzel, 2009:11).
• A natural activity of people
WHAT THEN IS PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION?
Purposive communication
• is an intentional communication that happens within the
bounds of specific contexts.
• is a communication applied in a specific setting, environment,
scene, social relations and culture
Contexts affects the process of sending and receiving of
messages; semantics or meanings, choice of channels, words
and methods of delivery.
CONTEXT INCLUDES:
1. Settings or environment – family, school, workplace,
religious communities
2. Social relationships – friends, husband and wife, parent
child, colleagues/boss-subordinate in the office
3. Scenes which include place, time and occasion –
business meeting, job interview, social gathering – parties,
weddings, etc.)
4. Culture – history, tradition, beliefs, norms, values
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Sender – source of idea (from WHOM)
2. Message - the idea being communicated (WHAT)
3. Channels – the medium (HOW)
4. Receiver – where the message is going (to WHOM)
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION:
SENDER –
THE MESSAGE WILL ONLY BE AS GOOD AND
VALID AS ITS SOURCE
• The source of idea
• Must be able to use the language that the receiver
understands.
• Correct grammar
• Phonetics
• Choice of words or jargons for an appropriate audience
• Sentence construction
• Discourse competence
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION:
SENDER –
THE MESSAGE WILL ONLY BE AS GOOD AND
VALID AS ITS SOURCE
• Delivery
• Good voice projection
• Use of appropriate eye contact
• Proper articulation of words and emphasis on important
words
“It’s not always what you say but how you say it.”
Message –
What needs to be communicated
The FIVE C’s in communication:
•Courtesy
•Clarity
•Conciseness
•Concreteness
•Completeness
THE FIVE C’S IN COMMUNICATION:
Courtesy also known as politeness.
Ways to demonstrate courtesy:
• using polite words and tone to show respect to the receiver of the
message.
• applying tact and diplomacy
• developing the “WE” attitude using positive words instead of negative
• being considerate of the feelings of the receiver
• selecting gender-free terms
• responding promptly to important messages
THE FIVE C’S IN COMMUNICATION:
Clarity may involve correct word
usage, grammar, pronunciation,
sentence construction and delivery.
Messages which are unclear oftentimes do not
achieve their desired effect.
THE FIVE C’S IN COMMUNICATION:
Conciseness is saying what needs to be said in
as few words as possible. Avoid flowery
words.
Remember:
“Our goal is to communicate and not to
impress.”
THE FIVE C’S IN COMMUNICATION:
Concreteness. This refers to being
specific.
- providing example when
necessary makes a message more
comprehensible.
THE FIVE C’S IN COMMUNICATION:
Completeness. To avoid ambiguity,
messages should not leave out important
details that a receiver expects to know.
Answer:
What, Who, When, Where, Why and How
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION:
CHANNELS
The choice of channel may depend on the availability,
practicality, and its impact on the receiver.
Channels:
• Telephone
• Radio
• Television
• Printed texts (books, newspapers, magazines, journals, posters,
etc.)
• Communication technologies (smart phones, tablets, computers)
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION:
RECEIVER
• Must have good listening and comprehension skills
• Eliminate all possible distractions or noises
• Types of noise (physical, environmental,
psychological, emotional)
• Sharpness of cognition through continuous studies
and acquisition of information and knowledge