Name: ______________________________________________________________________________ Period: _______
The Cold War Begins Guided Notes
The Cold War
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After WWII the __________________________ and the ________________________ became rivals
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They never confronted each other in open warfare, but tensions were high between the two ________________
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They often would________________ groups within countries that were having civil wars like Korea and Vietnam
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Since there was no direct combat between the US and the Soviet Union it is called a “cold” or a war without
___________________________________________
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Since both sides had ____________________________________ it kept each other from attacking one another
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For the US the Cold War was about _______________________________
Soviet Communism
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There was only _______ political party in the Soviet Union
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The __________________________ Party controlled all labor groups and associations
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The ________________owned all farms and industries
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The government determined the nation’s _________________ needs
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_______________________property was limited
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Healthcare and education were provided by the____________________
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The Soviet government discouraged _________________________and even destroyed religious buildings
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The ______________________________ would arrest those who spoke out against communism
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There was ________________________________ and no free exercise of beliefs
American Democracy
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The United States had a_________________________________ democracy
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____________________________negotiated with unions and other labor organizations
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The U.S. had a free enterprise system where __________________ citizens owned property and businesses
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______________ and_________________ determined the price of goods
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The government had limited involvement in the ______________________
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People met their own ____________________
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There was freedom of ________________________
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There was also freedom of the_________________
Joseph Stalin
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He was the leader of the _____________________________ during WWII and the beginning at the Cold War
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He was communist and a brutal ________________
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Anyone who spoke out against him would either disappear or be sent to the gulag work ___________
Yalta Conference
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_____________________, Stalin, and Churchill met in February 1945
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They planned how to reorganize ______________________ after WWII
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They also agreed to form the ______________________________
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In addition they decided to divide _________________________into four occupied zones
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All parties agreed to allow _______________________ in the countries that they had liberated from Nazi control
Division of Germany
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After WWII Germany was divided into four ____________________-__zones
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Each zone was controlled by one of the major ___________________________ (United States, Great Britain,
France, and the Soviet Union)
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The capital city of __________________was also divided into four occupied zones
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Eventually the zones that were controlled by the United States, Great Britain, and France joined together to
form ____________________________
Potsdam Conference
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Truman, Churchill, and Stalin met in ________________________, Germany in July 1945
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The purpose of the conference was to negotiate the terms to end __________________
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Tensions between ___________________ and ___________________ were very apparent
Soviet Union and the Cold War
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The Soviet Union wanted to insure their _________________________
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They also distrusted the West, especially the __________________
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Stalin created a ring of ____________________________________________________ to act as a buffer from
any future invasions
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Stalin denied free elections in ________________________
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The Soviet Union was also suspicious because the US refused to share how they built the __________________
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Eastern Europe was still occupied by ___________________________________
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The Soviets helped to place local _____________________________ in power in the countries of Eastern Europe
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The __________________________suppressed anti-Communists
The US and the Cold War
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The United States was concerned about containing the spread of ______________________________
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The U.S. decided that it would not interfere in countries that were already ___________________________, but
they would provide aid to countries that might fall to communism
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The US refused to share how they built the _______________________________ with the Soviets
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The US condemned Soviet force in ______________________________________
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The US never directly did anything to stop what was happening behind the ______________________________
The Iron Curtain
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After the Soviets helped to place communist leaders in control of_____________________ Europe contact
between Western and Eastern Europe was cut off
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During the next 40 years there would be very__________ communication between Eastern and Western Europe
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The Eastern countries of Europe became known as satellite nations of the ________________________
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_____________________________________ is noted for calling the division of Europe, The Iron Curtain
Truman Doctrine
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President Truman didn’t want to make the same mistakes that had been made at the ______________________
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He said that the U.S. would provide military aid to any country that was fighting ______________________
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Truman believed that those who were_______________________ were often attracted to communism
Marshall Plan
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After WWII much of_________________________ infrastructure had been destroyed
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__________________________ included roads, bridges, tunnels, electricity lines, water lines, buildings etc…
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Their __________________________ were also in shambles, people were not spending or earning much money
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____________________________________________________ was Secretary of State for Truman
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He proposed that they U.S. should provide aid to countries that had been war-torn by WWII in Europe to help
them rebuild their _________________________________
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Marshall felt that by giving the aid to these countries that they would become allies and
_____________________________________________________ of the U.S.
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The U.S. also wanted to prevent a repeat of post-WWI Europe, where the continent remained devastated for
____________________________
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The Marshall Plan was a____________________________
West Germany
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Germany was divided into four occupied zones after ________________________
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The zones that were controlled by Great Britain, France, and the United States were joined together to form
_____________________________________________
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They also combined their sections of Berlin to form _____________________________
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The Eastern part of Germany and Berlin remained under _________________________ control
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Berlin was located in___________________________ Germany
Berlin Airlift
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The Soviets blocked off roads and railroads that went into ___________________________
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The United States along with other allies ___________ over West Berlin to drop food and supplies to the people
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The _________________________________of Berlin and the Berlin Airlift lasted for 11 months
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The US had successfully bypassed a Soviet blockade without provoking a ________________________________
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is also called _____________________
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It was created in _________________________
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NATO was based on ________________________________________
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Each member nation pledged to defend one another in the event of an_________________ on a member nation
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The __________________ was a member of NATO
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Thanks to NATO, members also had the protection of ___________________________ that belonged to the U.S.
Fear of an Atomic Bomb Spreads
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During the Cold War the US government created videos to teach students how to
“________________________________________” under their desks to protect them from a nuclear bomb
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They also produced films that showed what the government was doing to learn more about the effects of
______________________________________ on housing, infrastructure, food, and clothing.
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Many people built ______________________________________________ to protect themselves and their
families from a nuclear blast and the radiation fallout afterwards
Warsaw Pact
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The Warsaw Pact was created in response to the creation of _____________________
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It consisted of the ______________________________ and its Eastern European satellite nations
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The Warsaw Pact was created in ____________________________
Berlin Wall
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The Berlin Wall was constructed in _________________
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It ____________________________ East and West Berlin
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People who were in _______ Germany or East Berlin were not allowed to travel to West Germany or West Berlin
China Falls to Communism
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China was one the most ________________________ nations in the world
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Chinese __________________________ had been trying to overthrow the Nationalists in China since the 1920s
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The _________________________ began aiding them in 1945
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Chinese communists were led by ___________________________
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They were successful in overthrowing the _______________________________in 1949
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Many Nationalists fled to the island of ___________________________
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Under the leadership of Mao, China became the world’s largest ______________________ state
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¼ of the world’s population came under _________________________________ control
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Under communist rule China became known as “________________________”
Korea After WWII
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After WWII ____________________ had been divided into South and North Korea
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The Soviets helped North Korea to rebuild and they adopted _____________________ as their economic system
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The U.S. helped South Korea to rebuild and they adopted _______________________ as their economic system
Korean War
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The U.S. government faced criticism for the fall of ________________ to communism
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Many Americans wanted the US to intervene in ___________________
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North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950 in an attempt to unify the ___________________________________
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Stalin believed that the U.S. would not get involved in the _______________________________
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As the North Koreans advanced the _____________________________________ and
______________________________________South Korean army retreated further south
Korean War Continued
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The _________ sent troops to aid the South Koreans
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The ______ also sent troops, the Soviet Union could not veto it because they were at the time protesting the UN
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The Korean War was the first time that a peace keeping organization was successful in using its military to
___________________________________________
Korean War and MacArthur
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________________________________________________________ was sent to Korea by Truman to help the
South Koreans during the Korean War
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He was successful in pushing the _________________________________ back north
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The North Koreans retreated towards their border that they shared with ______________________
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China was concerned about a large _______________________________ near their border
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The _____________________________ became involved
Korean War and MacArthur Continued
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McArthur wanted to liberate China from ________________________ control
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He wanted to stage an __________________________ of China
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He also wanted to use _____________________________ if needed
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Truman _________________________________
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MacArthur openly criticized ____________________________
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Truman removed MacArthur from his __________________________
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The American public was ___________________________________ with MacArthur’s removal
Korean War Ends
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North Korea and the US signed an armistice in 1953 to end to _______________________________
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Both sides agreed to create a _______________________________________________________ along the
border between North and South Korea
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They also agreed to exchange _______________________________________________ with each other
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Korea remained divided at the _____________parallel, exactly where the border previously was
The Arms Race
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After WWII tensions between the US and Soviet Union ______________________
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The _________wouldn’t share information on how they built the atomic bomb in 1945
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The __________________developed their own in 1949
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After the development of the Soviet atomic bomb an ___________________________initiated
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Each country sought to have more _________________________ and military personnel than the other
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The US developed the ______________________________________________ in 1952
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The __________________________ developed their hydrogen bomb in 1953
Massive Retaliation
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In the 1950s the United States government relied on having a large stock pile of
______________________________________ as opposed to having a very large military
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Nuclear weapons acted as a deterrent to discourage an ___________________________________
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If nuclear weapons were used on the __________then they would also be used on the _____________________
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The possibility of ________________________________ was cheaper than keeping a very large standing army
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Many leaders realized that the use of nuclear weapons was impractical as they could really only be used if it
meant the _____________________________of the nation
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Many people were concerned about President Eisenhower’s willingness to ___________________________
nuclear war to maintain peace
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Critics called Eisenhower’s willingness to go to war _________________________________
Sputnik I
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In 1957 the Soviets launched ____________________________
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It was the first man-made __________________________________ to be sent into space to orbit the earth
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It was about the size of a ______________________ and weighed 184 pounds
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It was _____________________ to do very much
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It emitted a beep, which allowed it to be______________________
Space Race
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After the Soviets launched Sputnik I a __________________________ ignited
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Many were afraid that the Soviets might be capable of using _______________ to send nuclear bombs to the US
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Americans were concerned that they were falling behind the ______________________
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In response the US government created________________________
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In _______________ the US launched its own satellite into space
Loyalty Review Boards
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President _______________________ created Loyalty Review Boards to investigate people who might be
participating “un-American” activities
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For example people who were members of the American_________________________ Party were questioned
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The majority of those questioned were done so with very little ______________________ against them
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Victims were usually unable to __________________________ themselves
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They were also not allowed to know __________ accused them
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Under the constitution you have a right to know your accuser and confront them, this did not happen so their
constitutional rights were ___________________________________
House Un-American Activities Committee
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____________________ conducted its own loyalty checks through the House Un-American Activities Committee
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They question directors, writers, actors, and anyone else whom they thought might sympathize with _________
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People who were either former or current ______________________ of the American Communist Party were
often “blacklisted”
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People who were “__________________________” lost their jobs
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Many of the people who cooperated with the committee were asked to ________________ on others
Joseph McCarthy
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He was a US Senator who claimed to know 205 __________________________________ who were working in
the US Department of State in addition to several other government agencies
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His allegations stirred up fears over Communism, much like the _______________________ had in the 1920s
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______________________________ worked with the House Un-American Activities Committee and the FBI
during their investigations of accused communists
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The hearings lasted for three years and no _________________________ was ever provided for his charges
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Despite being unable to prove his claims, his ________________________________ scared many Americans
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McCarthyism became associated with making harsh accusations ____________________________________
The Rosenberg Trials
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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were American citizens who ____________ for the Soviet Union during the Cold War
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They gave the Soviets secrets about the _________________________
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They were both tried, convicted, and _____________________ for spying
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Many people believed that they were_______________________
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In 1997 the ________________________________________ were declassified and proved that the Rosenbergs
had played a role in a Soviet Spy Ring in the US
Eisenhower Doctrine
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John Foster Dulles was Eisenhower’s _______________________________________________
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He was very anti-Communist and wanted to stop the spread of ________________________
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He believed that it was important to prevent the Soviets from gaining anymore influence in order to contain the
spread of ______________________________
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Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, Eisenhower promised to aid any ____________________________________
country that was trying to fight off Communism
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The Eisenhower Doctrine was an extension of ________________________________
Conformity
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The __________________ became a period that emphasized conformity
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Any ______________________ activity was regarded with suspicion
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The fear of communism also increased the dislike of non-conformists
Southeast Treaty Organization
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The United States helped to form the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization also known as ______________in 1954
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It was created for the ________________________________________________ of Southeast Asian countries
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The US began to send aid to French forces who were fighting ____________________________ in Vietnam
Khrushchev
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After ____________________ died in 1953 there was a power struggle in the Soviet Union
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Khrushchev became the _____________________________ in 1956
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He spoke out against ___________________________________ and Stalin
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He was willing to conduct ___________________________ with the US, up until the U-2 Spy plane incident
U-2 Spy Plane
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In 1960 the Soviets shot down a US spy plane called the ________________________________
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The plane was trying to gather______________________________
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The incident ___________________________ an important summit that was supposed to occur between
President Eisenhower and the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev