untuk Negeri II
Phase II of PT SMI’s Ongoing Commitment to Rural & Regional Development
Table of Contents
04
Overview Desa Bakti untuk Negeri II
05
Introduction by PT SMI’s President Director
08
SMI’s Corporate ID and PT Profile
10
About SDG
12
Chapter I : Desa Bakti untuk Negeri
20
Chapter II : Wae Sano Village; Personifying Eastern
Indonesia’s Regional Development Potential
32
Chapter III : Collaborative Achievements
56
Chapter IV : Benefits and Sustainability
62
Local Testimonials
3
AN OVER-VIEW OF
DESA BAKTI UNTUK NEGERI II
“As An Ongoing
Commitment
to Rural and
Regional
Development”
The PT SMI “Desa Bakti untuk Negeri (DBuN)” program substantiates SMI’s
mission to provide societal benefits in sync with Environmental and Social
Safeguards (ESS). PT SMI references and accommodates local and regional
social and infrastructural aspirations when pursuing sustainable community
development.
PT SMI is building on the experience and success already achieved through its
first DBuN project based in Sukoharjo Village, Semarang. Its diverse programs
all involve active community participation across the spectrum of problem
formulation through to project completion.
Under this phase of DBuN projects, PT SMI targeted Eastern Indonesia, heading
to the island of Flores, specifically to Wae Sano Village, in the Sano Nggoang
Sub-district of West Manggarai District in the East Nusa Tenggara Province.
PT SMI is again executing a DBuN program synergized and synchronized with
various stakeholders towards ideal solutions serving the interests of the local
community.
4
Introduction
GREETINGS FROM THE PRESIDENT DIRECTOR
PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (Persero) (PT SMI) is a State Owned Enterprise that operates as a Special Mission
Vehicle coordinating with the Ministry of Finance towards Indonesian infrastructure development. It commits
to sustaining local societal norms and the natural environment of areas impacted by its projects. PT SMI is
supported both structurally and in projects by financing stipulated to facilitate Environmental and Social
Safeguards (ESS). The Desa Bakti untuk Negeri II (DBUN II) program in Wae Sano Village, Sano Nggoang Subdistrict, West Nusa Tenggara offers a good example of this.
Through DBuN II, PT SMI strives for the same sustainability it achieved in the DBuN I program recently
implemented in Sukoharjo, Central Java, where PT SMI appreciated the acknowledged the support of
Indonesia’s acclaimed Dian Desa Foundation. Dian Desa contributed significantly to the DBuN I program. Here
ESS exemplified how to best maximize social and community benefits. PT SMI also acknowledges the support
and positive coordination received from District /Sub-district and village apparatus, traditional elders / public
figures, and the general community of Wae Sano Village who all worked together to maximize community
benefits.
The DBuN II program also emphasizes social and environmental management and community involvement
(partnerships) dovetailed with Central / Regional Government initiatives. PT SMI is justly proud of a DBuN
II program that has effectively synergized with multi-stakeholders in two main areas: Category A; physical
infrastructure, and Category B; community social and economic development.
5
Since 2018, PT SMI has worked with the Dian Desa Foundation, village officials, and the local community in a
DBun II program that has : (1) built 3 new classrooms for elementary schools and (2) revitalized the clean water
system serving the whole Wae Sano Village community. The water system itself flows through all 7 sub-villages.
The DBuN II program also addresses development and enhancement of the local economy. This covers
various community training programs designed to improve local commodity production including (1) Shiboritechnique based woven cloth dyeing craft - especially technique mastery and development of domestic and
international markets, (2) honey production – among our non-timber forest production initiatives, (3) cashew
nuts - processing cashew nuts to produce a high quality refined product directly consumable and attractive
to domestic and international markets, and (4) candlenut waste use – processed through carbonization
technology to give value added bonus income that energizes the local economy.
PT SMI DBuN II program brings broader community benefits while supporting national Sustainable Development
Goals. PT SMI gratefully acknowledges all stakeholders who have persevered with us to achieve our shared
goals of environmental sustainability, improved social security, infrastructure and education development
within a wider context of local community economic development. Into the future, we hope that among
our DBuN II report readers there will be those encouraged to join us collaboratively in future Sustainable
Development initiatives.
Warm Regards,
Edwin Syahruzad
PT SMI President Director
6
Corporate Details:
Company Name
: PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (Persero)
Business line : Infrastructure Financing
Established : 26th of February 2009
Business License : Minister of Finance Decree No. 396/KMK.010/2009 issued October 12th 2009
Shareholder Composition : 100% Republic of Indonesia shareholding, held through, and represented by,
The RI Ministry of Finance
Office Address : Floors 47- 48, Sahid Sudirman Center, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman No. 86,
Jakarta 10220, Indonesia.
Telephone : +62 (021) 8082 5288
Fax : +62 (021) 8082 5258
Email : corporatesecretary@ptsmi.co.id
www.ptsmi.co.id
LINK VIDEO
ptsmi.co.id/id/acara/desa-bakti-untuk-negeri-2-kolaborasi-pt-smimasyarakat-wujudkan-manfaat-nyata-di-waesano-nusa-tenggara-timur/_
www.instagram.com/tv/B6PhZ8JgpVN/
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALkhjNZiFcc
7
PT SMI OVERVIEW
PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (Persero) (PT SMI) has been engaged in Indonesian infrastructure financing
since February 26th 2009. The company is a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) where all capital is owned by the
Republic of Indonesia through the Ministry of Finance.
PT SMI is dedicated to escalate and accelerate Indonesian infrastructure development finance, including
through support for Government Work Plans and Business Entity (KPBU) schemes through providing
Consultative Services. Furthermore, PT SMI is specifically mandated to manage Infrastructure Financing of
Geothermal Sector (PISP) funds for the exploration, exploitation, and development of Geothermal Power
Plant (PLTP)s. It provides Geothermal Data / Information applicable to preparing work areas or other data as
required. These mandates share a common estuary; to optimize the social and economic benefits, to support
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and to mitigate climate change.
8
DBuN II telah diresmikan oleh Direktur PT SMI Darwin Trisnadjajawinata (19/09) & didukung oleh Pemkab Manggarai Barat.
PT SMI has been financing infrastructure projects including power plants, roads, hospitals, markets, transport
terminals, together with various other projects sharing a social and community development profile. A
mandate then followed for PT SMI to support geothermal energy as the basis of a DBuN II development
program in the East Nusa Tenggara Province.
PT SMI has financed and consulted on Government infrastructure projects throughout Indonesia. It has
helped the Government build sustainable infrastructure through attention and adherence to social and
environmental safeguards.
9
SDG
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are globally approved targets defined by United Nations Congress
representatives in 2015. They constitute goals for transformative development objectives agreed to be
nationally applicable. Under the agreement, 17 points of direction and procedure detail and underpin the
over-riding goal to improve welfare and promote sustainable community empowerment wherever possible.
SDGs advance principles emphasizing equality of access, participation, and opportunities to be shared between
the state and general community. SDGs are applicable nationally, across the full membership of the United
Nations, and with equal application to both developed and developing countries.
In Indonesia, SDG goal achievement has been boosted by a Presidential Regulation (Perpres No. 59 Tahun
2017) on Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals. This Perpres commits Indonesia to participative
SDGs involving all related parties and stakeholders.
PT SMI programs fully support SDG goals. The “Desa Bakti untuk Negeri” program specifically pursues SDG
objectives SDG-4, SDG-5, SDG-6, SDG-7, SDG-8, and SDG-17.
10
These are 17 SDG goals:
11
1
DESA BAKTI UNTUK NEGERI
12
Penyerahan cinderamata secara simbolik dari masyarakat setempat sebagai sambutan.
PT SMI
catalyses Indonesian infrastructure development
while always prioritizing enhancement of the social and economic
benefits accrued by the stakeholders, especially those local
populations domiciled in or near sites of infrastructure projects
financed by PT SMI.
This is the work of PT SMI Desa Bakti untuk Negeri (DbuN ) projects;
to operate as agents for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
programs that incorporate Environmental Social Safeguard (ESS).
PT SMI acknowledges a need for support and active involvement
of Regional Government, Non-Government Organizations, and the
village community to guarantee any program’s success. The DBuN
program reflects how PT SMI synergizes with a local community
towards its long term empowerment within the wider context of
overall nation-building.
“The DBuN program
reflects PT SMI
synergies deployed
within the broader
community to
empower its, and the
nation’s, sustainable
potential and
competencies.”
Peresmian DBuN II diikuti juga oleh
pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat
setempat.
13
Sukoharjo’s DBuN I
A DBuN I project commenced in Sukoharjo Village, Pabelan Sub-District, Semarang, Central Java in August
2017. This village was the object of a national strategic project financed by PT SMI in context of development
of the Semarang - Solo highway, specifically toll section III Bawen - Salatiga. This 72,64 km sector is part of the
Trans - Java highway stretching along 920 km from Merak in Banten to Pasuruan in East Java.
For this program, PT SMI collaborated with Dian Desa Foundation as an experienced facilitator for participatory
community empowerment. (http://www.diandesa.org/).
Pemandangan asri tepi Danau Sano Nggoang, Desa Wae Sano, Manggarai Barat, NTT.
14
Sesi foto bersama selepas acara peresmian program DBuN II.
The DBuN I program consisted of:
1. Village level Institutional Strengthening (Training for Village Government Staff and the creation of a village
profile).
2. Local Economic Strengthening (Focussed on agricultural productivity and the empowerment of women).
3. Sustainability (Drafting a Village Spatial Plan Map and compiling a climate change adaptation and water
resource rehabilitation program within context of cultural site management).
These activities excited the support of the people of Sukoharjo village to be directly involved in the DBuN
I program. Support was manifested by people working together to offer their ideas, power, and resources
needed to sustain five months of rehabilitation work restoring three springs.
15
Karena merupakan danau vulkanik, kandungan sulfur dari Danau Sano Nggoang cukup tinggi.
The DBuN II in Wae Sano Village
East Nusa Tenggara Province is highly prospective for geothermal projects, as detailed on the Ministry of
Finance website. This site outlines how the Government of Indonesia launched the Flores Geothermal Island
program in 2017 identifying Wae Sano, West Manggarai District, as one with particularly high geothermal
potential ; aWork Area (WKP) with an estimated energy generating capacity of up until 20 MW.
Geothermal energy will be able to meet the community’s power needs and support the local tourism sector.
In Wae Sano Village, geothermal prospects are located in four sub-villages; Dasak, Taal, Lempe, and Nunang¹.
Most of this has already been developed for residential and agricultural applications. This means that land
acquisition impacts homes and livelihoods that are agriculture dependent.
1 SMI, PT. 2019. “Proyek Eksplorasi Panas Bumi Wae Sano. Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan dan Sosial”, page. 3-50
16
In response, PT SMI has instigated a DBuN II program in Wae
Sano Village to help those affected by drilling associated
with geothermal exploration. PT SMI collaborates with Dian
Desa Foundation facilitators to recognize problems and to
address them by accommodating community aspirations
drawn out through grassroots level discussions.
PT SMI recognizes that local community contribution is
vital to the continuity of this DBuN II program. All decisions
and consensus must be arrived at through thorough
discussions within the whole community to attain the
required sense of belonging and ownership on which
success will depend.
Prior to commencement of the DBuN II program,
the Dian Desa Foundation convened Forum Group
Discussion (FGD)s to better know the people’s needs.
Terdapat Wae Bobok atau tempat air panas alami
yang berasal dari Gunung Api Wae Sano. Banyak
warga dan wisatawan yang datang untuk mandi.
Titik mata air panas yang digunakan warga untuk merebus telur.
17
Program DBuN II mencakup perbaikan infrastruktur dasar desa
untuk peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat.
This was conducted on the 20th of July 2018 in Wae
Sano village meeting hall and was attended by 33
representatives of 7 sub-village in Wae Sano Village.
The FGD revealed the biggest community problems
were related to basic facilities such as providing
clean water, electricity, and a decent school
infrastructure.
These FGD results guided the DBuN II program to
address improvement of basic village infrastructure
and the local economy. Furthermore, the local
community was drawn to commit to direct
involvement in this program, contributing by way of
transporting material to the water resource project
site, installing water pipes, and providing local
materials and consumables needed to support the
project.
Proses perbaikan jalan di tengah pemukiman warga.
18
Three programs constitute this FGD project. First, clean water provision to the community through an improved
irrigation system under a project involving them on the exploration teams, and providing healthy impetus for
the tourism sector. Second, construction of three new classrooms for the State Elementary School of Dasak to
replace the totally inadequate emergency classrooms. Third, a community economic enhancement program
based around maximizing focus on deployment of local economic potential and resources.
Economic improvements are critical to winning community support to guarantee sustainability of this DBuN
program. A case exemplifying how this works began with community complaints over poor returns from
candlenut sales when losses were traced to the agency of middlemen. This highlighted a need for better
management of plantation products to attract higher economic returns. The solution agreed between them
involved carbonization of candlenut waste, down- stream processing of cashew and non-timber forest
products, and development of better dying techniques for woven cloth crafts.
PT SMI realizes that a successful DBuN program relies on a community’s commitment to contribute. People
don’t just expose problems but must commit and participate in training and other local economy enhancement
activities.
Wae Sano DBuN II Program
Category A
Category B
Projects at Wae Sano encompass development
of three new classrooms and the revitalization
of a clean water network system serving the
whole village.
Consists of four activities:
a. Shibori dyeing technique for woven Cloth
development.
b. Processing non-timber forest products;
especially honey.
c. Processing raw cashew nut towards a value
added product.
d. Carbonization of candlenut waste.
19
2
WAE SANO VILLAGE; PERSONIFYING EASTERN
INDONESIA’S DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
20
Danau vulkanik yang terletak di desa Sano Nggoang, luasnya mencapai 5.500 hektar dengan kedalaman mencapai 600 meter.
The Forest is integral to life of the people of Wae Sano who’ve
befriended it over hundreds of years. Their lives depend on the
natural bounty of forest products including, candlenut, coffee,
chocolate or cacao, betel nut, bamboo, coconut, and pepper.
Beyond its products, the forest influences the wider ecosystem
and environment ; water resources, hot springs, and the Sano
Nggoang Lake. These gifts of nature guarantee sustainably from
one generation to the next. The Wae Sano region boasts a rich
treasure of endemic flora and fauna.
“Candlenut plants
are the economic
staple of this
village. They are not
cultivated but grow
naturally on a wide
scale.”
The Mbeliling protected forest – a magnet for national and
international bird lovers is home to four endemic species: The Flores Crow (Corvus florensis), Flores Hangingparrot (Loriculus floculus), The Flores Scops Owl (Otus alfredi), and the Flores Monarch (Monarcha sacerdotum).
Mbeliling is also home to plants not found anywhere else. Among more recently recognized Nusa Tenggara
species, Urobotrya florensis and Sympetalandra schmutzi, Helicia sp. and Ternstroemia sp., also orchids of the
Corybas sp. and Coelogyne sp.2 have been identified and classified.
Besides its rich forests, East Nusa Tenggara is highly prospective for geothermal energy generation.
The Government first targeted this power source for exploration in 2017. A particularly prospective area with
potential to generate up to 30 MW3 was identified in the Geothermal Work Area (WKP) Wae Sano, West
Manggarai.
2 Oktariadi, Oki. “Sano Nggoang, Danau Vulkanik Terdalam”. Geomagz. 27 Juni 2012.
3 Beatrix, Novi. Ledy. “7.239 MW dari 69 WKP”. Directorate General of Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation. 03 November 2016.
21
Akses jalan menuju desa-desa sekitar yang ditempuh melewati Danau Sano Nggoang.
Geothermal is expected to support a boost to tourism in the area. Wae Sano’s most famed tourism site is the
Sano Nggoang Lake that stretches around 2 square kilometres4, making it the biggest volcano lake in eastern
Indonesia. Hot springs found there can boil an egg.
Sano Nggoang Lake is relatively close to Labuhan Bajo, about 63 kilometres / 2-3 hours by car, but a trip there
is challenged by poor roads, steep inclines and sharp winding turns. Roads are poorly lit and signs are minimal,
further endangering road users.
4 Nur Hadi, Mochamad. Kusnadi, Dedi. Simarmata, Robertus S.L. “Survei Geologi dan Geokimia Panas Bumi Daerah Waesano, Kabupaten Manggarai Barat,
Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur”. ESDM. 2015.
22
The Geography of Wae Sano
Wae Sano village lies in the Sano Nggoang Sub-District
of West Manggarai, in the East Nusa Tenggara Province.
Central Bureau of Statistics data on Sano Nggoang,
in 2019 indicated it covered an area of 31,91 square
kilometers. To the north, Wae Sano Village borders the
villages of Golo Mbu, Golo Kempo , and Golo Leleng,
while in the south, with Nanga Bere , in the east with
Poco Dendeng, finally, its western border is shared
with Pulau Nuncung.
Based on 2018 data, Sano Nggoang Village is perched
500-700 meters above sea level where the weather
suits cultivation of crops such as cacao and coffee.
Pemukiman warga Desa Wae Sano. Setiap warga umumnya
memiliki lahan di halamannya masing-masing yang bisa
dimanfaatkan untuk berkebun.
Kondisi jalan di Desa Wae Sano yang masih belum memadai.
23
Pengolahan kemiri menjadi mata pencaharian warga Desa Wae Sano dalam
hidup sehari-hari.
Wae Sano Demographics
Wae Sano Village has 7 sub-villages; Wakar, Ponceng Kalo,
Dasak, Nunang, Lempe, Taal 1, and Taal 2. The most highly
populated is Taal 1 with around 260 people, while the lowest
is Lempe with only about 125. 2019 statistics also show this
village’s population of 1.210 consisted of 589 boys and 621
girls shared among 298 heads of family.
Warga menjalani keseharian dengan berjalan kaki
karena minimnya moda transportasi.
24
Village Livelihoods
Nature influences people’s economic choices and
in Wae Sano it has led villagers to be farmers.
Most commonly they hold several plots of land of
different width in scattered locations. On average
a plot of land will cover a maximum of one
hectare. Petrus Jehala is typical of a successful
local candlenut farmer owning three hectares
spread through Ponceng sub-village, Kalo, Taal,
Nunang, and others.
Warga desa berangkat menuju ladang untuk berkebun.
Pohon kemiri yang menjadi salah satu komoditas utama warga Desa Wae Sano.
25
Candlenut, as mentioned, is a staple of the local economy. Uncultivated, it grows naturally in gardens requiring
only to be collected when fallen and kept to dry until its skin breaks, before being sold.
Candlenut is harvested annually, usually in October during which time the fruit falls steadily. It sometimes
continues falling through until February or March of the following year allowing farmers to harvest up to 200
kilograms annually. Production, however, fluctuates depending on the weather. If rainfall is high, for instance,
candlenut production declines.
Unlike the candlenut plant that grows naturally, some local farmers also cultivate coconut, clover, cacao,
cashew nut, betel, vanilla, and coffee. However, production is still very limited and not many rely on these for
their main income source.
Wae Sano villagers usually sell their produce at the Werang, Ruteng Mark or Labuhan Bajo Markets, while
others choose to sell to the middleman or agents when they have difficulties getting produce to the markets.
There are few farms in the Wae
Sano area, because the land
is richly blessed with natural
resources. This is compounded
by reluctance for the hard work
of corn or rice farming. Locals
prefer to buy rice in Werang
market 12 kilometres away.
Kemiri yang telah dipanen dan diproses.
26
Masyarakat Desa Wae Sano berjalan kaki menuju Pasar Werang yang berjarak 12 km.
Nowadays, they can use “otocolt” to get them to the market in 30 minutes – dispensing with the need to
shoulder rice on foot for several hours.
Wae Sano also hosts working groups, including a craft group that weaves mats and reed hats from pandanus,
a homestay group that rents houses for guests, or others that gather hill trekkers, brown sugar producers,
coconut oil processors, cultural performers, food processors, freshwater fishermen, or the Curcuma processors.
The women have also created groups who join to weave traditional songket cloth. This group gathers in three
sub-villages; Wakar, Ponceng Kalo , and Dasak.
27
Kondisi ruang kelas tempat para siswa menjalani kegiatan belajar mengajar.
Education Facilities
Any good education calls for good educational tools. Wae Sano has three elementary schools; Inpres
Elementary School of Sano Nggoang, State Elementary School of Dasak, and the Catholic Elementary School of
Nunang. There is a single Junior High School; the State Junior High School of Sano Nggoang. There is no Senior
High School in Wae Sano. Senior high students have to study in the sub-district regional center.
Among the available schools, the State Elementary School of Dasak was in the worst condition with only three
permanent rooms and three non-permanent / emergency rooms. With bamboo walls, dirt floors, and flimsy
construction it was a danger to students and teachers alike. Every dry season the students were disturbed
by dust flying in the classrooms, while the rainy season turned the earth floor into a muddy quagmire. To
complete their misery, students were generally cold because of gaps in walls had and classroom windows that
couldn’t shut.
28
Clean Water
Water is essential to every living creature and to any
healthy environment. Unfortunately, it had become
a problem in Wae Sano. Some springs lacked proper
catchment and were readily contaminated by mud
and leaves. The pipe network made by Erwin Schmutz,
a German priest who lived for there for 22 years until
1985, had fallen into disrepair. The pipes had long
been broken, and villagers were forced to use hoses
to stream the water.
Warga yang menampung air dari bak reservoir.
The Reservoir can’t stream water to houses built above the reservoir. Those villagers have to walk to the top
of the hill or down to the river to get water. Many walk several hours carrying four jerry cans daily just to fulfil
their basic daily needs.
Sumber mata air buatan yang digunakan warga untuk mengambil air.
29
Saluran air yang dialirkan ke bak-bak penampung.
UKL-UPL data on Wae Sano, the Activity Plan for Wae Sano Geothermal Exploration, reveals land division as:
30
Central Bureau of Statistics population data on the Sano Nggoang Sub-district:
UKL-UKP data compiled for The Activity Plan of Wae Sano Geothermal Exploration, details village
livelihoods as:
31
3
COLLABORATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
32
Bak penampung tersebar di beberapa titik untuk dialirkan ke dekat pemukiman warga.
Although the Sano Nggoang Lake is overflowing, the Wae Sano
village suffers a scarcity of clean water. Clean potable surface
water (lake water) or groundwater are not reliable options. The
Wae Sano hydrogeology profile indicates a low pH for the lake
water ( 2,5) rendering it unsuitable for daily needs.
Difficulty in providing water is compounded by corrosion of
water transmission pipes caused by high soil acidity levels which
eat away at the metal pipes. The reservoir was erroneously sited
lower than many of the houses. It can’t be gravity streamed
to many houses and is subject to mud and leaf intrusion and
contamination.
A clean water delivery network is urgently needed to help the
villagers get clean water and break their dependency on far
distant springs.
“The people of Wae Sano
have played a major role
in this DBuN program
by working to open the
road, clean up the land,
bring cement and pipes
to the springs, and in
trenching transmission
pipes”
Clean water issues aside, this community needs to fix its school buildings. Wae Sano has three elementary
schools, including the State Elementary School of Dasak established in August 2012. It has an enrolment of 67;
34 males and 33 female students. The majority come from sub-villages of Dasak, Ponceng Kalo, and Wakar.
The State elementary School of Dasak was built on quite steeply contoured. The upper terrace houses
permanent structures, while the middle terraces have temporary buildings, a field, and a toilet. Three nonpermanent classrooms had been used to accommodate classes 1, 2, and 3.
These temporary structures were the product of community initiatives to ensure their children’s ability to go
to school. It’s a worry that walls were of bamboo and that floors were still earthen. This “somewhat modest”
construction left the threat of a collapse never far away and lives students and teachers at constant risk.
33
Students studying in the emergency classrooms suffered from dust that entered rooms during the dry season.
With rain, the problem became that of rainwater seepage and floors becoming sticky mud pools. Compounding
all this, shutter-less windows exposed students to any cold weather.
Economic circumstances can be difficult for the Wae Sano villagers dependent on candlenut. The community
only sells fruit and other unprocessed products at prices which fluctuate under market forces or may depend
on what a middleman is prepared to offer. The local community needs to be better informed on processing
methods that can bring added value to their raw product.
Ruang kelas yang sebelumnya digunakan murid-murid di SDN Dasak untuk proses belajar mengajar.
34
Besides candlenut, Flores is well known as a cashew
nut and forest honey producer. Unlike other regions,
Wae Sano village only produces small quantities of
cashews and forest honey. This should be an incentive
for them to upgrade processing towards products that
are able to command higher prices. Some raw material
is externally sourced and such prospects should be
further explored.
Candlenut gatherers, usually males, seek work
as construction labourers when the candle nut is
not being collected. Village women care for family
households but generally have ample free time outside
the candlenut season. This has opened opportunities
for their empowerment towards playing a more
significant economic role. This impacts on both their
family and the broader village community.
Kemiri yang dikeringkan sebelum dilakukan proses lebih lanjut.
Pengolahan kacang mete dilakukan secara natural dengan
menggunakan tangan untuk proses pengupasan.
35
Hasil tenun para perempuan di Desa Wae Sano
yang telah siap dipasarkan.
They have prioritized Songket weaving to
boost their incomes. Unfortunately, weaving faces
obstacles; special tools are needed to weave the cloth, a high price limits
numbers of prospective buyers (especially local), and marketing methods need
attention. The woven cloth is thick, making it hot when worn, and this has made songket cloth more
a collector’s item than a mode of daily wear.
These issues were raised by the community during investigations conducted by the Dian Desa Foundation
(DDF) on July 17th 2018. Through this consultative process it was pushed that PT SMI and DDF design a dual
pronged DBuN II program :
1. Category A ; physical and infrastructural development with direct benefits to be experienced t in the short
term. This incorporates revitalization and purification of the village water supply and the development of
three classrooms in the Dasak Elementary School.
36
2. Category B ; addressing more long term economic sustainability and community empowering programs.
Focus on future resources management independently and sustainably under the category looks at:
a. Shibori dyeing technique woven cloth production
b. Processing a non-timber forest commodity; forest honey
c. Cashew nut expansion and production down-streaming
d. Candlenut shell carbonization utilizing unused by- product.
Pemukiman warga terbilang masih sedikit di antara lahan potensial yang bisa dimanfaatkan.
37
Bak reservoir yang dibangun untuk menampung air untuk kebutuhan masyarakat
sehari-hari.
Providing Clean Water
Dian Desa’s investigations identified the community’s priority
as being to improve the local water supply. Anton Sujarwo,
Dian Desa Foundation chairman, identified this wish as being
pushed by Wae Sano’s women who wanted provision of a
water canal. The burden of carrying water had fallen on their
shoulders.
Sumber air kini telah dekat dari pemukiman.
After assessment had been completed, it was decided to develop four springs at Wae Longa, Wae Lenang, Wae
Kuta, and Wae Kuwek. A further request from the community was to repair the two water networks at Wae
Buning and Wae Kembek. Those six springs feed the seven sub-villages of Wae Sano village; Nunang , Dasak,
Taal 1, Taal 2, Ponceng Kalo, Lempe, and Wakar. The springs are widely scattered. Some are near sub-village
roads, others may be up to 8 kilometres from the nearest sub-village.
38
For those springs already revitalized, water catchment capacity has been enhanced by covering them to guard
water against mud or leave intrusion. Flow meters have been installed in catchment and reservoir areas that
can now stream water to all houses as well as some public facilities; particularly a church, parish center,
schools, and auxiliary health centre based in Nunang sub-village. Pipe installed reach all the way to people’s
house; homes now enjoy direct access to clean water.
Water revitalization began in October 2018 with attention to irrigation networks. Wae Lenang’s system was
the first to be addressed for distribution to Taal 1 and 2 sub villages. The Wae Longa system is for distribution
in Dasak, Wakar, and Ponceng Kalo people. The Wae Kuta system reaches Nunang sub-villagers, and Wae
Kuwek the Lempe community. Initially Taal 1 and 2 were served by the same water system, the Wae Lenang,
but families in Taal 1 resided above the Wae Lenang system. This meant water could not be gravity streamed
to these centers. This is the issue the Wae Buning system was built to resolve.
Bak penampung kini telah bisa diakses masyarakat dan telah dialiri ke lokasi-lokasi terdekat dari pemukiman.
39
Local springs have relatively similar spring production levels, but among them the strongest flows are in the
Taal 1 and 2 sub-villages of Lempe and Nunang. Dasak, Ponceng, Kalo, and Wakar receive lighter flows to three
sub-villages. At around 88-90/litres per capita daily, this still meets baseline minimum human consumption
requirements.
Wae Sano’s villagers are heavily involved and committed to their DBuN program. Their involvement has included
revitalizing the water system, working together to open roads and clear land, transport cement and pipes to
the springs, and trenching of transmission pipes in the area. They voluntarily carried sand to the forest and
to pipe lines by foot if the locations were inaccessible by motor transport. Other locals further contributed by
preparing packed meals and coffee for their colleagues deployed on the program. Difficult terrain extending
about eight kilometres from their sub-village forced local workers to camp in the vicinity of Wae Longa springs.
Water catchment yang disambungkan ke pipa telah dialiri ke beberapa dusun di Desa Wae Sano.
40
Water catchment sebelum dan sesudah proses revitalisasi. Bagian sisinya ditutup dan dibuat pelindung agar tidak terganggu longsor
atau sampah dedaunan.
Some reservoirs needed to be at a higher altitude
to stream the water to homes. These reservoirs
and associated piping channels often required
land belonging to the local community. The people
of Wae Longa’s made clear their support for this
project when they offered their land without the
compensation to which they were entitled.
Furthermore, to ensure maintenance and fairness of
water distribution, they formed an Organization of
Drinking Water Users (OPAM) in sub-villagers. This
now covers the whole Wae Sano Village community.
Pipa air dari water catchment dialiri menuju bak penampung
yang dekat dengan pemukiman.
41
OPAM is built around people trained as cadres who will maintain /repair/ and replace/ the existing network
system and/ or install a new network as needed. They will also coordinate the payments for water as decided
and agreed by the community of each sub-village (per meter3 monthly ). Revenue is collected and recorded
transparently to be used for system management in each sub-village into the future.
Payments are also used as a control to ensure houses needing abnormally bigger water quotas (for example
those used as homestays) pay more than others. For example, If more than 10 cubic water is used per month,
the cost goes from Rp.1000 to Rp1.500 per cubic meter. In Dasak
and Wakar sub-villages, they
have even agreed to pay Rp100.000 per cubic meter if
they exceed the agreed usage.
Kini masyarakat desa bisa dengan
mudah mengakses air bersih di
dekat pemukiman mereka, tanpa
harus berjalan jauh mengambil air.
42
Toren penampung juga diletakkan di lokasi-lokasi strategis di desa-desa dengan memanfaatkan tingkat elevasi agar air tersalurkan
dengan baik.
Dian Desa Foundation’s Pre-Assessment Report data from 2018, indicated clean water debits from Wae Sano
Village springs as follow:
43
Bangunan SD yang direvitalisasi oleh PT SMI, untuk menghadirkan ruang kelas yang layak bagi anak-anak.
State Elementary School of Dasak Classroom Repairs
The disturbing condition of the State Elementary School of Dasak pushed PT SMI to help with three new
classrooms. Construction of these started in September 2018 and carried through until April 2019. It was
planned to be finished by February 2019 but, unfortunately, development was constrained by a landslide that
cut access roads at points along the TransFlores, This delayed mobilization of building materials from Labuhan
Bajo.
44
Improvements began with land cleaning, digging
foundations, installing mounting points, and laying
rocks and concrete foundations. Construction then
progressed to building the walls, framework, and
setting the roof in place. Hebel concrete block was
used as it is of better quality than material available
at Wae Sano Village.
The three new classrooms are now the pride of
students at the State Elementary School of Dasak,
their carers, and the parent body. Children are excited
to go to school in better classrooms and enrolments
have increased.
Tiga ruang kelas baru berhasil dibangun PT SMI
dalam DBuN II.
Ruang kelas yang telah dibangun PT SMI menjadikan siswa-siswi bisa belajar dengan baik di dalam kelas.
Hasil limbah kemiri pun diolah lebih lanjut dan dilakukan pemanfaatan menjadi arang.
Proses karbonisasi ditampung dalam retort berkapasitas 1,5 ton per batch.
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Shibori Cloth Craft
Shibori is a Japanese cloth fabric dyeing art. The art involves dipping the cloth in a natural colouring agent where
parts not to be coloured are protected by knots executed by this special technique. The training in Shibori cloth
craft dyeing has been chosen over general weaving because it enjoys greater world- wide appreciation and is
broadly applicable to clothes, scarves, shirts, etc. A target market of buyers would come from domestic and
international sources. It will introduce new expertise for the people of Wae Sano Village.
Training in the shibori technique began with socialization that featured introduction of the knot technique
and cloth dipping. 41 women from seven sub-villages followed the basic training conducted over seven day
from October 4th until 10th, 2018 from 9 AM until 4 PM. Participants were very excited. Their support and
enthusiasm were shown as they attended promptly and diligently every day bringing their own packed meals
from home.
Pewarnaan kain
menggunakan pewarna
natural seperti indigo vera
dan mahoni yang didapat dari
wilayah Desa Wae Sano.
46
They also learnt how to trial the motif pattern to assess
buyer’s tastes in Labuhan Bajo. Participants with basic
skills were given homework on the cloth motif for two
weeks. When finished, the cloth was collected and
coloured with the dipping technique. The instructor
guiding instruction in this comes from Yogyakarta to
help with quality control and to oversee dye use. He
also decides the cloth’s appropriateness for the market.
Dye used exploits natural colours, such as indigo vera
or mahogany - both found in the Wae Sano Village
area. A bonus here is the uniqueness of the distinct
product produced. The motifs are also inspired by the
natural world of Wae Sano; candlenut flowers and the
fish which the local community aspire to breed in Sano
Nggoang Lake.
Setelah membuat motif kain, selanjutnya proses pewarnaan
dilakukan dengan teknik celup.
Motif-motif yang tertuang dalam kain terinspirasi dari
alam Desa Wae Sano, seperti bunga kemiri dan ikan.
47
Kain khas masyarakat Desa Wae Sano salah satunya dipasarkan dalam setiap acara-acara penyambutan.
Meanwhile, since natural colour tends to fade more quickly than textile colours, the community is also trained
in fixation techniques. Textile colour, for example, can reach the highest fixation level of 5, while natural colour
fixations are usually around 2 and 3. Shibori cloth craft in Wae Sano Village has reached level 3 which means
the local community is already doing relatively well in cloth dyeing.
Enthusiasm among the Wae Sano women is high and they were able to follow the training well. Although
early motif training was simple and their work still needs improvement, participants felt competent and are
confident they will keep learning.
48
The second training was in March 2019. This advanced
training (medium difficulty) was for participants that had
already followed the first training. They were trained to
make more complex and smoother motifs while refining
their previous work.
Participants commented that they were happily
following this women’s empowerment training as it
introduced much new information and knowledge.
Although training sometimes encroached on with their
household duties, they still completed their shibori
cloth and brought them home.
Hasil kain celup yang dibuat oleh masyarakat desa.
Bentuk motif kain yang dikembangkan menjadi lebih
halus dan kompleks.
49
Forest Honey Processing
The forest honey business is yet to thrive locally as a new commodity but it is already proving a reliable
trading commodity. The Dian Desa Foundation has been training Wae Sano villagers in honey processing
since February 2019. Besides teaching how to process high-quality forest honey, the farmers were also taught
better harvesting involving cutting the bottom of the beehives to allow the honey to drip.
Previously, the farmers had harvested the honey by destroying hives or by squeezing them with their fingers.
This caused honey to be mixed with wax, ruined honey quality, and upset the bees. Dian Desa trainers educated
the farmers to harvest while ensuring some honey was left so bees could regenerate.
Pengemasan madu untuk
membuat nilai jual menjadi
lebih tinggi.
50
Masyarakat dari berbagai desa yang mengikuti pelatihan-pelatihan yang
diberikan PT SMI untuk meningkatkan nilai jual produk mereka.
Honey quality depends on its sugar and the water volume. The farmer should be able to process honey to a
water content of less than 20 percent. To measure water content, a refractometer or other digital tools can be
used, or it can be manually observed with the bare eye. Water content can also be reduced by dehumidification.
Just put the honey inside an Air Conditioned-room or under a fan for 3 - 4 days to reduce water content.
Attractive packaging attracts consumers. The community has been taught to pay more attention to honey
packaging. Until recently, honey had just been put in plastic or glass bottles used for beer. Under guidance
from Dian Desa, the honey is now being put in glass jars to make it more attractive for the buyers.
51
Hasil pengemasan kacang mete yang sudah siap jual.
Cashew Nut Processing
Cashew nut fields are part of the scenery around this
community. Locals traditionally grew and harvested cashew
nut to sell as raw product to collectors. Dian Desa has now
trained the Wae Sano villagers to process their raw cashew
nut into a directly consumable value added end product. This
is based on picking higher-quality cashew nuts ; a standard
of 180-220 cashew nuts per kilogram being fixed to ensure a
good size nut.
Jambu mete juga menjadi salah satu tumbuhan
yang melimpah di Desa Wae Sano.
The cashew nut is processed by manual peel-off because steam peel-off can result in nutshell liquid discharge
which is carcinogenic. To avoid this, the community is encouraged to keep using the manual system helped
52
by “crackers” to peel the cashew nut. It is then dried under the sun and cooked. The drying process should
be perfect; neither too wet nor too dry. If too wet, nuts will be too soft and decay. If too dry, they break and
lose value.
The local community have proven themselves highly motivated and eager to improve themselves through
cashew nut processing. They had come voluntarily and then appreciated the opportunity given. There were
only 20 participants - a limitation linked to the number of crackers available. Among participants, only four
resigned while the rest eagerly completed the training.
Alat pemecah untuk mengupas mete sebelum dikeringkan di bawah sinar matahari.
53
Hasil limbah kemiri pun diolah lebih lanjut dan dilakukan pemanfaatan menjadi arang.
Proses karbonisasi ditampung dalam retort berkapasitas 1,5 ton per batch.
Carbonization of Candlenut Shell Waste
Prior to this Dian Desa coordinated intervention, the people of Wae Sano only sold candlenut as beans and
shells, despite the potential for candlenut shells to be processed into high-quality carbon or charcoal products
attractive to households or for export to the Middle East as a material to make shisha.
Carbonization requires a special tool; a retort specially designed by the Dian Desa Foundation in their
Yogyakarta .workshop. To prevent shell from burning into ash it is carbonated inside the retort. This produces
charcoal (after simple carbonization) and active charcoal (after advanced processing) which can be processed
at home with simple tools.
Dian Desa Foundation initially gave training on carbonization by using a small retort with a capacity of 150
kilograms in October 2019. Furthermore, Dian Desa has assembled a bigger retort with a capacity of 1.5 - 2
tons per batch in its Community Training and Mentoring (P3M)5 Centre.
5 P3M is a center of training, mentoring, as well well as marketing that made by PT SMI and Dian Desa Foundation located in Taal Sub-village, Wae
Sano Village. Later on, P3M will be turned over to Wae Sano Village apparatus with a hope that it is able to maintain the sustainability of the economic
improvements program that has been run.
54
Unlike other component programs, participants
are limited to five in the carbonization program for
candlenut waste. The carbonization process requires
a basic skill level not widely available - a Vocational
High School (or similar) degree or handyman /
workshop experience. In the production process
(pyrolysis), very high temperatures are generated
that must be measured and controlled - if not, the
process will fail or an explosion can occur.
The participants are trained to recognize attributes
of candlenut waste and prepare it properly for the
retort. It should be laid out properly to ensure even
carbonization of the product. Next, the participants
are trained how to ignite the retort and monitor
its temperature. The carbonized waste candlenut
product should then be cooled for a day before
cleaning.
Hasil dari pemrosesan kemiri yang akan dimanfaatkan
untuk bernilai ekonomi.
Proses karbonisasi kemiri dalam retort yang dipanaskan
dalam suhu tertentu.
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4
BENEFITS AND SUSTAINABILITY
56
Kemudahan yang dirasakan masyarakat setelah sistem revitalisasi air bersih dilakukan.
Kini masyarakat bisa mengambil air tak jauh dari tempat tinggal mereka.
Clean Water Access
Revitalization of six water systems is being enjoyed by Wae Sano
villagers who now enjoy directly supplied clean water. Tap water
is available to every home garden and a hose to fill up a water
tub behind the house can also be connected.
Everyone can now drink, wash, or undertake small scale home
industries without worrying about water. The community has
installed water meters to gauge water consumption – at an
agreed price. This ensures disciplined, wise and conservative
water usage. The revitalization assists home industries that
have opened. Homestays and other tourism facilities have been
particular beneficiaries.
During the dry season, some sub-villages springs suffer reduced
discharge whereby supply to the network supply is also impacted.
Sometimes people have to walk to the nearest water reservoir to
obtain water when streamed water to their house is unavailable.
The ladies no longer need to walk far for water for household
needs. It means they have spare time to attend such things as
“Communal economic
development should be
constantly focused on
sustainably. Training
doesn’t end with
improved production;
training in marketing
is essential to ensure
production can be
independently sustained
to provide long term
economic advantages to
local communities .”
cashew nut food processing training or the management of
forest honey, shibori cloth dyeing or processed candlenut shell
production.
57
Proses belajar mengajar menjadi lebih kondusif setelah gedung sekolah baru dibangun.
Studying without Mud and Dust
The upgrading of three emergency classrooms into permanent classrooms at the State Elementary School of
Dasak has been welcomed by the children. They can now learn without feeling cold, suffering dust or getting
muddy feet from rain affected dirt floors. They were used to conduct the National Final Examination (UAN) in
early May 2019 – much to the pride of the happy students. Agustinus, Headmaster of State Elementary School
of Dasak, pointed to how children are more motivated, enthusiastic and excited about school and how this has
impacted on attendance and enrolment at the school.
Parents have reacted similarly. They’re proud that finally, their children are able to go to a decent school,
with classrooms offering comfort as well as safety. Students are able to study better and enjoy an open sports
field built on the site of the former temporary construction. Although small, it is adequate for volleyball,
badminton, and takraw, and especially the children’s favourite - football. Students use water from the divided
tub in front of the school as needed to clean the school according to shifts.
58
Food and Craft Development
PT SMI’s economic strengthening and empowerment programs target both women and men. Empowerment,
however, prioritizes women, disabled people, and the elderly people o0f Wae Sano through cloth craft
activities, honey processing, and cashew nut production and processing. Candlenut shell carbonization stands
alone aiming at men.
One target is that of reducing work role imbalances that exist between men and women. Women are able
to contribute to household economic management by buying their household and personal needs without
overloading household budgets.
89 participants followed the economic strengthening program coming from Taal 1 Sub-village, Taal 2, Wakar,
Lempe, Dasak, and Nunang – all within in Wae Sano Village areas. Sano Nggoang sub-village is in Sano Nggoang
Aktivitas para perempuan di Desa Wae Sano dalam membuat packaging yang baik untuk menjual produknya.
59
and Werang Village is the capital of Sano Nggoang sub-district. Although focus of the DBuN II program is on
the Wae Sano Village, it is also open to surrounding villages. The programs offered are shibori dyed cloth
craft, honey processing, cashew nut production, and of candlenut shell carbonization. They share a common
aim to create high-quality value added unique products to spearhead the local food and craft industry’s role
in economic development. Such products have wider market appeal enabling them to be sold in hotels,
boutiques, or to be exported.
The programs have also opened the community’s eyes to opportunities for use of raw material in quantities
beyond that available in Wae Sano. This includes cashew nut and honey. However, because it processed inside
Wae Sano , it has been adopted and promoted as a proud unique local product of Wae Sano.
Para perempuan di Desa Wae Sano memasarkan produk-produk hasil olahan mereka.
60
Community economic realities must stay under constant consideration if sustainably is to be achieved. Training
must not stop with the production process, the community needs to be trained in marketing to achieve real
independence.
The support from the District Government of West Manggarai is also big for this DBuN II program. The Regional
Government committed to help marketing the craft and food product that has been made by the people of
Wae Sano Village and its surrounds by opening the gallery or stall to sell the products in Batu Cermin street,
Labuhan Bajo. Nowadays the marketing is still done limitedly in the workshop area of P3M in Wae Sano Village
and in the office of the Dian Desa Foundation in Labuhan Bajo.
Sectoral Production:
61
TESTIMONIALS
F ROM BENEFICIARIES
1. Yanuarius Laga, 5th grade student of Dasak State Elementary School
“I feel proud and happy since I have a new building because there is no dust. In the
old room, there was a window that was always open. If it rained, the water also
seeped inside from the surface below. The weather was too cold or hot before. I’m
better here since it’s not too cold. The room is also larger. We are taking care of the
new room. Every day we mop the floor, every day the glass is wiped by my friends in
the 5th grade. I’m hoping for new chairs and tables, and the sports uniform is also
not available yet. The books in the library are old, the only new ones are the K13
books about taking care of the animals and plants.”
2. Yohanes Surya, 6th grade student of Dasak State Elementary School
“I’m Proud and happy because I have a new building. Before I was disturbed by the
dust that was flying during studies or in the rainy season by the water that welled
up inside. Now it’s not like that. I keep the room tidy according to a picket system,
sweeping inside, and reminding each other not to scribble.”
62
3. Maria Imacalata, from Taal Sub-village
“I’m happy to have joined the shibori training because it has given me new
insights. I’m able to get money as well. The service price that I get depends on the
motif, e.g. IDR30.000 for easy motifs and IDR200.000 for the harder ones. I mostly
make scarves since they’re smaller. Making shibori is easy yet difficult. The difficult
part is when creating flowers. It needs us to sew straight, pull it out, tie off, and
wrap it with raffia rope. If you have already wrapped it up and suddenly it loosens,
you need to repeat it. If it is loose, we can’t see the flowers. The work can take
two weeks if I stay focused. I’m a housewife, I need to take care of the children and
the house. However, I am already mastering many tye-dye techniques.”
4. Maria Bernadeta, from Taal Sub-village
“I’m happy to have joined the training. Although my income hasn’t reached
hundreds of thousands, it is not bad since I am able to help buy sugar and
salt.”
5. Maria Levita, from Taal Sub-village
“Before there was clean water our situation was very difficult. I needed to walk
to the river near Taal while bringing our jerry cans. The distance is around one
kilometre. Now water is available for washing, watering the plants, and cooking.
In the dry season like now there is not much water, however, it still runs. The water
is also clean.”
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6. Aman, from Dasak Sub-village
“Used to be I needed to walk around 6.5 kilometers per day just to get water.
Moreover, the water is way up and the road steep. I carried four jerry cans, that’s
a heavy yoke. Four jerry cans are enough for the daily needs, however, for other
needs such as women who deliver a baby, it takes more water. Now the distance to
the water is not so far. The water discharge is also bigger during the rainy season.”
7. Agustinus Leven, Headmaster of Dasak State Elementary School
“We are very thankful and grateful for the presence of PT SM who’ve shown such
good heart in their work with the Dian Desa Foundation. We feel moved that there
are still many people that pay attention to us here.
The children are very proud and happy, and so are the parents. They were very
particularly proud of their three new classrooms from PT SMI. Without demeaning
what had been built previously, in terms of quality, this one is much better. Children
have become more passionate, and more excited to go to school since being able to
enjoy the new buildings.
When we announced that the classrooms were ready for use, they were very happy.
Thus, we could see their enthusiasm and keenness to use it as soon as possible.”
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T
to provide societal benefits in sync with Environmental and Social Safeguards (ESS).
PT SMI references and accommodates local and regional social and infrastructural
Under this phase of DBuN projects, PT SMI targeted Eastern Indonesia, heading to
the island of Flores, specifically to Wae Sano Village, in the Sano Nggoang Sub-district
of West Manggarai
a DBuN program synergized and synchronized with various stakeholders towards ideal
PT SARANA MULTI INFRASTRUKTUR (PERSERO)
Sahid Sudirman Center, Lantai 47-48
Jl. Jenderal Sudirman No. 86
Jakarta 10220, Indonesia
Tel
: (62-21) 8082 5288 (hunting)
Fax
: (62-21) 8082 5258
E-Mail : corporatesecretary@ptsmi.co.id
www.ptsmi.co.id