A TIMESCALE OF
PROKARYOTES
EVOLUTION
EARLY
CLASSICIFATION
ARISTOTLE:
DEVISED CLASSCIFICATION
SYSTEM
KINGDOMS OF ORGANISMS
FROM
SINGLE-CELLED ORGANISMS
TO
KINGDOMS
ENDOSYMBIOSIS
1959 ROBERTWHITTAKER
EVOLUTION
OF
EUKARYOTES
TWO PROPOSED PATHWAYS DESCRIBE
THE INVASION OF PROKARYOTE CELLS BY TWO
SMALLER PROKARYOTE CELLS
MEMBRANE INFOLDING
THE INVASIONS OF THE HOST PROKARYOTE
CELL PROBABLY WERE SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE
THE HOST CELL MEMBRANE INFOLDED TO
SURROUND BOTH INVADING PROKARYOTE
CELLS AND THEREBY HELP TRANSPORT THEM
INTOTHE CELL.
C H A P T E R 7
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
SYAHERAH SABRI
1980S FIVE BECAME THREE
SYAHERAH SABRI
STROMATOLITES
EUKARYOTES
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER
AND THE TREE OFLIFE
PROCESS IN WHICH
AN ORGANISM INCORPORATES GENETIC
MATERIAL FROM ANOTHER ORGANISM
WITHOUT BEING ITS OFFSPRING
BACTERIA & ARCHAEA
GENETIC INFO TRANSFERRED VIA
CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION
&TRANSLATION
VERTICAL GENE
TRANSFER
FROM
SINGLE-CELLED ORGANISMS
TO
KINGDOMS
THE ANCESTOR
ORGANISMS &THE
UNIVERSAL TREE OF
LIFE
DIVERGED FROM A COMMON CELLULAR
ANCESTOR = LAST UNIVERSAL COMMON
ANCESTOR
1. A COMMON GENETIC CODE,
2. A SIMILAR MODE OF DNA REPLICATION,
3. A SIMILAR PROTEIN SYNTHESIZING
SYSTEM,
4. MANY SIMILAR METABOLIC PATHWAYS,
5. A SIMILAR PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYERED CELL
MEMBRANE,
6. A SIMILAR MECHANISM OF MOLECULAR
TRANSFER ACROSS MEMBRANES
LAYERED BIO-CHEMICAL
ACCRETIONARY STRUCTURES
FORMED IN SHALLOW WATER BY
THE TRAPPING, BINDING AND
CEMENTATION OF SEDIMENTARY
GRAINS BY BIOFILMS (MICROBIAL
MATS) OF MICROORGANISMS,
ESPECIALLY CYANOBACTERIA.
SLLEC DESILISSOF YLRAE
*GENES MAT BE TRANSFEREED VIA
VIRUSESS
*EUKARYOTE MAY INGEST BACTERIAL CELL
VIA ENDOCYTOSIS & INCORPORATE A
BACTERIAL GENE