MLT 210 Unit 4 (1-58) (Urinalysis)
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1.
1. A routine urinalysis can provide information regarding
:
A. The state of the kidney
B. The state of the urinary tract
C. Metabolic or systemic (nonrenal) disorders
D. All of the above
D
8.
8. Urine should be examined ____ collection.
A. Immediately after
B. Within 30 minutes, if not refrigerated or suitably
preserved at
C. Within 2 hours if kept at room temperature after
D. Within 24 hours if refrigerated
B
2.
2. When performing a urinalysis, all of the following
factors are important except knowledge of :
A. Common interfering substances (false-negative and
false-positive reactions)
B. Any critical steps or considerations in the procedure
C. The clinical application of the substance being tested
for and its correlation to other findings in the urinalysis
D. Appropriate treatment protocols for disorders
detected by the urinalysis
D
9.
9. The major contributing factor to the decomposition
of urine is:
A. The action of bacteria
B. The formation of crystals
C. Fading of color
D. Change in pH
A
10.
B
3. The functional (working) unit of the kidney is the:
A. Nephron
B. Glomerulus
C. Cortex
D. Medulla
A
10. The minimum acceptable volume of urine for routine
urinalysis is ____ mL.
A. 5
B. 12
C. 25
D. 50
11.
A
4. Functions of the kidney include all of the following
except:
A. Removal of waste products
B. Processing of nutrients
C. Retention of nutrients
D. Acid-base, water, and electrolyte balance
B
11. The first part of the routine urinalysis is the ____
examination.
A. Physical
B. Chemical
C. Microscopic
D. Either B or C
12.
B
5. The function of the distal convoluted tubule of the
kidney is to:
A. Reduce the volume of the urine
B. Maintain water and electrolyte balance
C. Remove acid from the body
D. Both B and C
D
12. Urine specimens must be fresh and centrifuged for
reagent strip testing.
A. True
B. False
13.
13. The longer a reagent strip is in contact with a urine
specimen, the better the results that will be observed.
A. True
B. False
B
6. Important factors in the collection and handling of
urine include all of the following except the:
A. Container used
B. Collection procedure
C. Conditions of storage and preservation from the time
of collection until the specimen is tested
D. Use of a sterile container
D
14.
14. Reagent strips will deteriorate if the cap is kept
open for a prolonged period.
A. True
B. False
A
15.
A
7. The most desirable type of routine urinalysis
specimen is:
A. Sterile
B. First, early morning
C. Random, mid-day D. 24-hour
B
15. Reagent strips will deteriorate if exposed to
moisture or heat.
A. True
B. False
16.
16. Reagent strips must be used within 1 year of
opening the container.
A. True
B. False
B
17.
17. Reagent strips (e.g., Chemstrips) have a stable
reaction color for up to 5 minutes.
A. True
B. False
B
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
18.
18. The normal pH of freshly voided urine is:
A. 4 or 5
B. 5 or 6
C. 6 or 7
D. 7 or 8
B
25.
25. Specimens for bilirubin testing must be
A. Absolutely fresh
B. Less than 2 hours old
C. Less than 8 hours old
D. Less than 24 hours old
A
19.
19. In the detection and diagnosis of renal disease, the
most significant single finding probably is
A. Glucose
B. Protein
C. pH
D. Ketones
B
26.
26. 0-5/hpf (high-power field) red blood cells
A. Normal
B. Abnormal
A
27.
27. >10 white blood cells/hpf
A. Normal
B. Abnormal
B
20. In testing for glucose in the urine, all of the
following are true except:
A. If the blood glucose concentration becomes too
high (usually greater than 180-200 mg/dL), the excess
glucose will not be reabsorbed into the blood and will
be eliminated from the body in the urine.
B. The renal threshold is the lowest blood glucose
concentration that will result in glycosuria.
C. The most common condition in which the renal
threshold for glucose is exceeded is diabetes mellitus.
D. The occurrence of glycosuria is diagnostic of
diabetes mellitus.
D
28.
28. Moderate number of squamous epithelial cells
A. Normal
B. Abnormal
A
29.
29. Moderate number of renal epithelial cells
A. Normal
B. Abnormal
B
30.
30. Few bacteria in a fresh, nonsterile specimen
A. Normal
B. Abnormal
A
31.
B
21. Reagent strips for glucose detection use a(n):
A. Enzyme, peroxidase
B. Chemical, hydrogen peroxide
C. Chemical, copper sulfate
D. Both A and B
D
31. Hyaline cases (20-30/lpf [low-power field])
A. Normal
B. Abnormal
32.
D
22. A false-positive urinary glucose result can be
observed if:
A. Contamination by bleach or other strong oxidizing
agents occurs
B. Reagent strips are exposed to air by improper
storage
C. Large urinary concentrations of ascorbic acid are
present
D. Both A and B
D
32. Structures that can be confused with red blood
cells include:
A. Leukocytes (white blood cells)
B. Yeast
C. Calcium oxalate crystals
D. Both B and C
33.
33. The least pathological type of cast is:
A. Hyaline
B. Finely granular
C. Waxy
D. Fatty
A
34.
A
23. Ketone bodies can be detected in urine in:
A. Lack of adequate insulin control
B. Starvation
C. Extreme dieting
D. All of the above
D
34. Upon standing, red blood cells either swell or
become crenated.
A. True
B. False
35.
A
24. The presence of bilirubin in the urine is an early
sign of:
A. Liver disease
B. Pancreatic cancer
C. Intestinal inflammation
D. Various infectious diseases
A
35. White blood cells rapidly deteriorate in hypotonic
solutions.
A. True
B. False
36.
36. Casts disintegrate as urine becomes alkaline.
A. True
B. False
A
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
37.
37. The growth of bacteria in urine produces a more
acidic solution.
A. True
B. False
B
38.
43. Proteins are present without the presence of
albumin
A. False positive
B. False negative
B
39.
44. A blue color forms for the protein reaction, if the
urine is exposed to the reagent strip for too long
A. False positive
B. False negative
A
40.
45. The reaction for protein may be produced, if a urine
specimen is exceptionally alkaline or highly buffered
A. False positive
B. False negative
A
41.
46. In the reaction to detect blood in the urine,
microbial peroxidase activity associated with urinary
tract infection can produce
A. False positive
B. False negative
A
42.
47. In the detection of blood in the urine, ascorbic acid
in urine specimens containing more than 25 mg/dL
A. False positive
B. False negative
B
43.
48. Medications (e.g., azo-containing compounds or
dyes that color urine red or that turn red in an acidic
medium when testing for nitrite for the detection of
bacteria in urine)
A. False positive
B. False negative
A
44.
49. Urinary preservatives in urine testing for leukocyte
esterase
A. False positive
B. False negative
A
45.
MATCHING
A. Any increase in urine volume, even if the increase is
only temporary
B. Complete absence of urine formation
C. Abnormally small amount of urine, less than 500
mL/24 hr
D. Excretion of more 400 mL urine at night
E. Consistent elimination of an abnormally large
volume of urine
E
38. Polyuria
46.
MATCHING
A. Any increase in urine volume, even if the increase is
only temporary
B. Complete absence of urine formation
C. Abnormally small amount of urine, less than 500
mL/24 hr
D. Excretion of more 400 mL urine at night
E. Consistent elimination of an abnormally large
volume of urine
A
39. Diuresis
47.
MATCHING
A. Any increase in urine volume, even if the increase is
only temporary
B. Complete absence of urine formation
C. Abnormally small amount of urine, less than 500
mL/24 hr
D. Excretion of more 400 mL urine at night
E. Consistent elimination of an abnormally large
volume of urine
C
40. Oliguria
48.
MATCHING
A. Any increase in urine volume, even if the increase is
only temporary
B. Complete absence of urine formation
C. Abnormally small amount of urine, less than 500
mL/24 hr
D. Excretion of more 400 mL urine at night
E. Consistent elimination of an abnormally large
volume of urine
B
41. Anuria
49.
MATCHING
A. Any increase in urine volume, even if the increase is
only temporary
B. Complete absence of urine formation
C. Abnormally small amount of urine, less than 500
mL/24 hr
D. Excretion of more 400 mL urine at night
E. Consistent elimination of an abnormally large
volume of urine
42. Nocturia
D
50.
MATCHING
A. Exposure to nephrotoxic substances
B. Urinary tract infection
C. Acute pyelonephritis
D. Glomerular damage
B
56.
50. White blood cell casts
51.
MATCHING
A. Exposure to nephrotoxic substances
B. Urinary tract infection
C. Acute pyelonephritis
D. Glomerular damage
A
MATCHING
A. Exposure to nephrotoxic substances
B. Urinary tract infection
C. Acute pyelonephritis
D. Glomerular damage
57.
D
MATCHING
A. Exposure to nephrotoxic substances
B. Urinary tract infection
C. Acute pyelonephritis
D. Glomerular damage
58.
C
53. Bacterial casts
54.
MATCHING
A. Found in acid urine
B. Envelope-shaped, glistening and colorless
C. Coffin lids
D. Colorless slender needles that are strongly
birefringent with polarized light
E. Yellow or reddish-brown shapes (e.g., lemon- or
barrel-shaped forms)
A
54. Amorphous urates
55.
MATCHING
A. Found in acid urine
B. Envelope-shaped, glistening and colorless
C. Coffin lids
D. Colorless slender needles that are strongly
birefringent with polarized light
E. Yellow or reddish-brown shapes (e.g., lemon- or
barrel-shaped forms)
55. Uric acid
MATCHING
A. Found in acid urine
B. Envelope-shaped, glistening and colorless
C. Coffin lids
D. Colorless slender needles that are strongly
birefringent with polarized light
E. Yellow or reddish-brown shapes (e.g., lemon- or
barrel-shaped forms)
C
57. Triple phosphate
52. Red blood cell casts and red blood cells
53.
B
56. Calcium oxalate
51. Epithelial casts
52.
MATCHING
A. Found in acid urine
B. Envelope-shaped, glistening and colorless
C. Coffin lids
D. Colorless slender needles that are strongly
birefringent with polarized light
E. Yellow or reddish-brown shapes (e.g., lemon- or
barrel-shaped forms)
E
MATCHING
A. Found in acid urine
B. Envelope-shaped, glistening and colorless
C. Coffin lids
D. Colorless slender needles that are strongly
birefringent with polarized light
E. Yellow or reddish-brown shapes (e.g., lemon- or
barrel-shaped forms)
58. Acyclovir
D