Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Moon Phases:
Next Generation Science Standard: Middle School: Space Systems: Students
who demonstrate understanding can:
Develop and use a model of the Earth-sun-moon system to describe the cyclic
patterns of lunar phases.
[Clarification Statement: Examples of models can be physical, graphical, or
conceptual.]
MS-ESS1-1.
Guide:
See the IMPORTANT LINKS, Assessment Questions, for
UNDERSTANDING: Take Cornell Notes on the standards: Use the Cornell Note
Template and keep these notes in your Science Notebook. You may repeat the
template as many times as you need to in your Science Notebook. Draw Pictures
and models and take written notes. Add your Middle School notes to your High
School Notes! Maintain and study them from grades 6 -12. Keep them as a family
record to help younger children in your family understand science. Periodically let
your teachers review your notes.
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Scoring Guide for Your Notes:
Recognize and explain that the lunar phases of the moon are caused by changing
angles (relative positions) of the earth, the moon and the sun, as the moon orbits
the Earth or they are due to the relative positions of the Moon with respect to the
Earth and Sun. (1point)
You should have a labeled drawing of the phases of the moon. Be sure to label
the Sun, Moons, and Earth. Include in your diagram the perspective of the near
and far side of the moon. Show the counterclockwise direction of the moon around
the Earth. Take Notes on the following and do the assessments
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Draw the following (graphical):
http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast161/Unit2/Images/moonphase.gif
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/moon/Phases.shtml
http://www.moonconnection.com/moon_phases.phtml
http://www.moonphases.info/images/moon-phases-diagram.gif
Daily Moon Position: http://www.dailymoonposition.com/default.aspx
Create your own Moon Data: http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/smpos.jsp
Monthly Moon Position: http://www.dailymoonposition.com/moonpositiondailymap.aspx
Read and Make Cornell Notes from the following:
http://science.howstuffworks.com/moon4.htm
http://science-class.net/PowerPoints/Moon_phases_files/frame.htm
http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question43.html
http://www.nfo.edu/moonview.htm
http://www.nsummit.k12.ut.us/pages/webpages/Savanna%20P.htm
http://www.freeclubweb.com/powerpoints/science/space/moon.html
http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/time/moon/phases.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/3645/phases_moon.html
http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0875447.html
http://access.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/eiu/mphase/index.html
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.eiu.mphase/
http://www.nature1st.net/bogan/astro/moon/phases.html
http://home.hiwaay.net/~krcool/Astro/moon/moonphase/
http://riker.ps.missouri.edu/rickspage/Moon/MoonPhases.html
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Video Clips:
http://www.newtonsapple.tv/video.php?id=1671
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aFGNGEcDOk
http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX5c60455063656c6c595c41&t=Moon
Animation:
http://ww2.valdosta.edu/~cbarnbau/astro_demos/frameset_moon.html
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/moon_phases/
http://www.schooltube.com/video/bf0e5ada3fb0ea880ecb/Phases-of-the-Moon-akids-funky-version
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/moonphase.html
http://astro.unl.edu/naap/lps/animations/lps.html
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/2013-moon-phases.html
Games and Activities:
http://www.wonderville.ca/asset/phases-of-the-moon
http://sciencenetlinks.com/interactives/moon/moon_challenge/moon_challenge.ht
ml
http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks2/science/what_shape_
the_moon/index.htm
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Write and answer the following notes and questions in your science
notebook:
The Moon: Does the far side (not the dark side) of the moon get
sunlight.
The dark side of the moon is not dark. It is the far side of the moon that
has day and night. It is called the dark side because we never see it.
With respect to the Earth and Sun, the moon revolves around the Earth
in about 29 and ½ days (A Synodic Month). The moon rotates every 29
and ½ days (A Lunar Day).
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Moon
• A synodic month equals a lunar
day. As a result, the moon shows
the same hemisphere -- the near
side -- to Earth at all times. The
other hemisphere -- the far side -is always turned away from Earth
(this is not the dark side).
THE MOON
• In other words, it takes the Moon
the same amount of time to rotate
around once as it does for the Moon
to revolve around the Earth once.
Therefore, Earth-bound observers
(people on Earth) can never see
the 'far-side' of the Moon.
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
THE MOON
•
People sometimes mistakenly use
the term dark side to refer to the far
side.
• The moon does have a dark side -- it is the
hemisphere that is turned away from the
sun.
• The location of the dark side changes
constantly, moving with the terminator,
the dividing line between sunlight and
dark.
Moon Phases
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
• Phase:
• Position:
• Far Side:
• Near Side:
• Description
How does the appearance of the Moon that can be seen
from Earth change approximately every 28 days in an
observable pattern (moon phases)
• Phase: New Moon
• Position: Between the Earth and Sun
at 0 degrees.
• Far Side is completely light = 100%
light
• Near Side is completely dark = 100%
dark
• Description: Cannot be seen
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Near Side
•
•
•
•
•
Full Moon- 100% light
New Moon – 100% Dark
Crescents – 15% Light/ 85% Dark
Gibbous- 85% Light/ 15% Dark
Quarter – 50% Light/ 50% dark
Far Side
•
•
•
•
•
Full Moon- 100% Dark
New Moon- 100 % Light
Crescents-85% Light/ 15% Dark
Gibbous- 15% Light/ 85% Dark
Quarter- 50% Light/ 50% dark
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
The student should reason that:
The Moon rises a bout an hour later each day due to its revolution around the Earth
in a counterclockwise direction.
The Moon is in the sky for roughly 12 hours in a 24-hour period (i.e., if the Moon
rises at about 6 P.M., it will set at about 6 A.M.)
Practice Assessments and Quizzes:
http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0078617006/student_view0/unit7/chapter23/section_2_selfcheck_quiz-eng_.html
http://hsstaffserver.stjames.k12.mn.us/~fraken/Earth%20Science%20Files/Grade%208%20
Practice%20Quizzes/earth,sun,moonqu.html
http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=moon-phase-quiz
http://school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonplans/worksheets/lightofthemoon/wor
ksheet2.html
http://jplgough.wordpress.com/2011/02/22/phases-of-the-moon-middle-schoolconnections/
http://www.ezpics.com/gh/PredictMoonPhase
http://sciencenetlinks.com/interactives/moon/moon_challenge/moon_challenge.ht
ml
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Refer to your notes to find the answers to these questions. Write and
answer the questions in your journal.
Question: Which moon phase is it when the Earth is between the Moon
and the sun?
1. New Moon
2. First quarter moon 3.Full Moon 4. Last quarter
Question:
Describe how the appearance of the moon that can be seen from
Earth changes approximately every 28 days in an observable pattern
(moon phases) by choosing one plausible scenario for the appearance of
the moon for a two week time period.
a) Waxing crescent, Waning Crescent, Full Moon
b) Waxing crescent, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon
c) Waxing crescent, Waxing Gibbous, New Moon
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Question: Create a 28 day calendar for one month that shows the moon’s
appearance on each day. Include the moon-rise and moon-set data for each day.
Explain and analyze what changes in patterns occur in the moon’s appearance.
Standard for the question: Disciplinary Core Ideas ESS1.A:
motion of the moon, in the sky can be observed, described, predicted, and explained with
models. (MS-ESS1-1
Month: June 2008
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
27
28
Moon
Rise: 3:29
a.m.
Moon Set:
6:15 p.m
8
Moon
Rise:
10:55 a.m.
15
Full
Full Moon
22
23
24
25
Moon
26
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Standard for the question: Missouri GLE: 6.2.B.b. Recognize the
moon rises later each day due to its revolution around the Earth in a
counterclockwise direction.
Question: Why does the moon change phases?
1. The Moon orbits the Earth
2. The Moon Rotates
3. The Earth turns
4. The Moon moves closer to Earth
Standard for the question: Can you recognize that the moon rises later
each day due to its revolution around the Earth in a counterclockwise
direction?
Question: Does the Moon rise earlier or later each day? DOK 1.
__________________________________________________________
Question: The moon:
a. rises the same time each day
b. rises earlier each day
c. rises later each day
d. never rises
e.
Question: If yes, Explain how the Moon rises later each day? DOK 3
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Standard for the question Missouri GLE: 6.2.B.c. Recognize the Moon is in the sky for
roughly 12 hours in a 24-hour period (i.e., if the Moon rises at about 6 P.M., it will set at about 6
A.M.)
Question: How many hours can the moon be seen, between noon today
and noon tomorrow?
1. 24hours
2. 12hours
3. 6hours
4. 9hours
Question: Roughly, how long is the moon in the sky?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Question: Observe moon rise data and tell what happens to the change
in time and azimuth for the moon-rise and moon-set data over a one
month period. DOK 1.
Examine some moon data: Rising and setting times for the Moon: St. Louis,
Missouri:
See:
http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/astronomy.html?n=605&month=11&year=2008&obj=moon&afl=-12&day=1
See: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/RS_OneDay.php
Moon Azimuth and Altitude:
http://daphne.palomar.edu/mlane/ASTR100/PROJECTS/Moon/Moon-Measure-2.jpg
http://daphne.palomar.edu/mlane/ASTR100/PROJECTS/Moon/Moon-Measure-3.jpg
http://www.dailymoonposition.com/default.aspx
Day 1:
Time:__________
Day 2:
Time:__________
Azimuth:________
Azimuth:________
Day 28:
Time:__________
Azimuth:________
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Question: Based on this data……
a. The moon rises and sets about ½ hour later each day and its Moonrise
and Moonset azimuth declines.
b. The moon rises and sets about ½ hour earlier each day and its
Moonrise and Moonset azimuth increases.
c. The moon rises and sets about one hour later each day, and the
moonrise azimuth declines, while the moonset azimuth increases.
d. The moon rises and sets about one hour earlier each day, and the
moonrise azimuth increases, while the moonset azimuth declines
Notes: The moon-rise and the moon-set time is moving up about 45minutes
to an hour each day. The times that the Moon rises and sets, changes due to
its motion about the Earth. Because the Moon orbits the Earth in the same
direction that the Earth spins, the time from one moonrise to the next (or one
moonset to the next) is longer than one day - almost 25 hours. For example,
on Jan. 21st, the new Moon will rise and set at almost the same times as the
Sun. The next day, moonrise and moonset will occur about an hour later, and
by Feb. 6th, the full Moon will rise about sunset and set about sunrise. The
Moon continues to rise and set later and later through the rest of its
cycle; to observe moonrise in mid-February, you'll have to stay up late, or get
up before dawn or use the websites above.
Objective or GLE: 6.2.B.d. Recognize that one half of the Moon is
always facing the Sun and, therefore, one half of the Moon is always lit.
Question: When looking from Earth, how much of the moon is usually
in sunlight?
1. One quarter
2. One half
3. One third
4. Two fifths
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Question: Where does the moon receive its light? DOK 1 Explain the
cause or reason for how the moon is illuminated or lighted? DOK
2/DOK 3.
Question: One fourth of the Moon is always facing the Sun and,
therefore, one fourth of the Moon is always lit.
a) True
b) False
Notes: The moon is a sphere and it reflects the Sun’s light. Therefore,
only half the Moon is illuminated at one time- the half turned toward the
Sun.
Objective or GLE: 6.2.B.e. Relate the apparent change in the moon’s
position in the sky as it appears to move east-to-west over the course of
a day to Earth’s counterclockwise rotation about its axis.
Question: Why does the moon appear to move across the sky?
1. The moon moves farther from earth.
2. The Moon Rotates
The Earth Turns 4. The Moon orbits the Earth
3.
Question: Illustrate how the moon changes its location/position over a
28 day period as it goes through its apparent motion from east-to west
throughout the course of a day.
The moon moves in an ________to ________ direction over the course
of a day to Earths ________________________________ rotation about
its axis. However, the moon revolves around the Earth in a
________________________________ direction.
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
Notes:
Objective or GLE: 6.2.B.f. Describe how the appearance of the moon
that can be seen from Earth changes approximately every 28 days in an
observable pattern (moon phases).
Question: How long does it take for the moon to go through all its
phases?
1. 1 year 2. 1 week 3. 1 day
4. 1 month
Question: Describe how the appearance of the moon that can be seen
from Earth changes approximately every 28 days. DOK 1. Explain why
the phases occur. DOK 3.
Notes:
The moon rotates on its axis. This means that the side of the
moon that receives the Sun’s light, always changes. Second,
because the Moon orbits the Earth at the same time that Earth
obits the Sun, the area of the illuminated Moon that is visible
form Earth also changes each day.
As the moon orbits the Earth, the Moon goes through a
predictable cycle of changes in this apparent shape, called
“phases.”
The Moon phases occur because we see only portions of the
Moon’s Illuminated side, depending on the Moon’s position
relative to Earth.
The pattern of lunar phases is predictable
From any place on Earth everywhere the moon is visible the
phase of the moon is the same on any given day.
The apparent shape of the Moon in our sky depends on how
much of the Moon’s illuminated side is visible from Earth.
Part of the illuminated side of the Moon is visible, as is part of
the Moon that is in its own shadow, which is called the “ dark
side.” When the moon passes between the Sun and the Earth,
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
only the dark side is visible. This is called a “ new moon”.
When Earth is between the Moon and Sun, the Moon’s entire
illuminated side is visible. It is called a “full moon”
6.2.C.f: Recognize the phases of the moon are due to the relative
positions of the Moon with respect to the Earth and Sun.
If you have access to the internet, you can see phases of the moon at:
http://mistupid.com/astronomy/moonphase.htm
http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/java/MoonPhase.html
Further Reading:
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/skytellers/moon_phases/books.shtml
Cross Cuttingg Standards:
Science and Engineering Practices
Developing and Using Models
Modeling in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to developing, using, and revising
models to describe, test, and predict more abstract phenomena and design systems.
phenomena. (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2)
(MS-ESS1- 3)
interactions. (MS-ESS1-2)
Analyzing and Interpreting Data: Analyzing data in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and
progresses to extending quantitative analysis to investigations, distinguishing between
correlation and causation, and basic statistical techniques of data and error analysis.
similarities and differences in findings. (MSESS1-3)
Disciplinary Core Ideas
ESS1.A: The Universe and Its Stars
s of the apparent motion of the moon, in the sky
can be observed, described, predicted, and explained with models. (MS-ESS1-1)
Patterns
can be used to identify cause and effect relationships. (MS-ESS1-1)
observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small.
---------------------------------------------Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science Interdependence of
Science, Engineering, and Technology
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Moon Phases: One Copy of This Document Per Student!
discoveries in virtually every field of science and scientific discoveries have led to the
development of entire industries and engineered systems. (MSESS1-3)
----------------------------------------------Connections to Nature of Science Scientific Knowledge Assumes an Order and
Consistency in Natural Systems
occur in consistent patterns that are understandable through measurement and observation. (MSESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2) Connections to other DCIs in this grade-band: MS.PS2.A (MS-ESS11),(MS-ESS1-2); MS.PS2.B (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2); MS.ESS2.A (MS-ESS1-3)
Articulation of DCIs across grade-bands: 3.PS2.A (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2); 5.PS2.B (MSESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2); 5.ESS1.A (MS-ESS1-2); 5.ESS1.B (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS12),(MSESS1-3); HS.PS2.A (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2); HS.PS2.B (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2);
HS.ESS1.A (MS-ESS1-2); HS.ESS1.B (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2),(MS-ESS1-3); HS.ESS2.A
(MSESS1-3)
Common Core State Standards Connections: ELA/Literacy –
RST.6-8.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. (MSESS1-3) RST.6-8.7 Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text
with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram,
model, graph, or table). (MS-ESS1-3)
SL.8.5 Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and
findings and emphasize salient points. (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2)
Mathematics –
MP.2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively. (MS-ESS1-3)
MP.4 Model with mathematics. (MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2)
6.RP.A.1 Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship
between two quantities.
(MS-ESS1-1),(MS-ESS1-2).(MS-ESS1-3)
7.RP.A.2 Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities. (MS-ESS11),(MS-ESS1-2).(MS-ESS1-3) 6.EE.B.6 Use variables to represent numbers and write
expressions when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand that a variable can
represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any number in a specified
set. (MS-ESS1-2)
7.EE.B.4 Use variables to represent quantities in a real-world or mathematical problem, and
construct simple equations and inequalities to solve problems by reasoning
about the quantities. (MS-ESS1-2)
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