•storage hold faces before it is expelled
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
mouth:
•beginning of the digestive tract
Salivary glands:
•produce saliva which keeps the mouth and
digestive moist
Esophagus
Science
functions:
-bacterial digestion
•movement
-ferment carbohydrates
•mechanical and chemical digestion
-absorb more water
•absorption
-concentrate wastes
•elimination
Accessory organs; the glands:
•long thin muscular tube that connects the
pharynx to stomach
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ORGANIZATION:
• upper and lower esophagus
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract:
Stomach
-tube within tube
•receives food
-direct link/path between organs
•secretes acid
-structure:
Liver
•stomach
•filter blood
•alimentary canal
•metabolizes
•accessory glands
gallbladder
Mouth:
•stores bile from the liver, release it into the
small intestine
•pear-shaped hollow structure
•teeth
•fatty diets can cause gallstones
pancreas:
-mechanically break down food into small pieces
tongue mixes food into saliva
Pancreas:
•produce insulin and other important enzymes
and hormones
•not part of the path of food but play a critical
role:
Liver:
•providing bile
•bile helps digest fats
•filters, but toxins and waste including drugs,
alcohol and poisons
Gallbladder:
•produces digestive enzymes to digest fats,
carbohydrates & proteins
•help break down food
•EPIGLOTTIS is a flat like structure at the back
of the throat that closes over trachea preventing
food from entering it. Located in pharynx.
Large intestine
Esophagus:
Problems involving digestive system:
•absorb water
•approximately 20 cm long
Small intestine
•functions include:
Pica - an eating disorder characterized by
persistent desire or appetite for substance with
no known nutritive value
•absorb food and nutrients
~secrete mucus
Appendix
~moves food from the throat to the stomach
using muscle movement called peritalsis
-there is no specific treatment for pica
Rectum
-if acid from the stomach gets in here it becomes
heartburn
-a multidisciplinary approach involving
psychologist, social workers and physician is
recommended
•near the anus
Stomach:
Anus
•j-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you
eat, breaks down into tiny pieces
•store house for good bacteria
•last food stop
•regulates blood sugar by producing INSULIN
- complications may range from poisoning
Heartburn or acid reflux or GERD - occurs when
the stomach acid splashes out the stomach
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
•mixes food with digestive juices that contains
enzymes to break down protein and lipid
-a person with this experience, a burning
sensation from the abdominal area rising into
the chest area with heartbeat going faster
Digestion
•acid (HCl) in the stomach kills bacteria
-stress and anxiety can also cause heartburn
types:
•food found in the stomach is called Chyme
-Mechanical (physical)
Small intestine:
•chew
•7 meters long
•tear
•lining of intestine walls
•grind
•has finger like projections called VILLI to
increase surface area
•mash
•mix
-Chemical
•enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of:
•the villi are covered in micro villi
•nutrients from the food pass through into the
bloodstream through the small intestine walls
•absorbs 80% ingested water, mineral,
carbohydrates
~carbohydrates
Large intestine:
~proteins
~lipids
-colon cancer
Diarrhea - described as the interruption of the
absorption of the water in the colon caused by a
virus or bacteria
- causes a person to have soft or watery stool
and frequent excretion of bowel
Appendicitis - a condition in which the appendix
becomes inflamed usually caused by bacterial
infection
-shooting pain in the lower quadrant of the
abdomen
•1.5 meters long
-appendectomy/removal of the appendix
•accepts what small intestine don't absorb
Phases includes:
Rectum:
•ingestion
Constipation - a condition wherein the fecal
material or stool becomes dry compact and
difficult to discharge