The Retina
1. Describe the transduction of light energy into neural impulses:
2. Fill in the blanks for the following parts/functions of the eye:
a. The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.
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b. A ring of colored muscle tissue around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening.
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c. The transparent structure that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.
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d. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye; contains rods, cones, and neurons.
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e. The point of central focus in the retina where the cones of the eye cluster.
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f.
The point at which the optic nerve exits the eye. No receptor cells are located there.
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g. The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain, formed by ganglion cell axons.
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h. Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray - necessary for peripheral and twilight vision.
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i.
Retinal receptors that function in daylight and detect fine detail and color. Near center of retina.
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j.
Process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina.
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k. Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus (e.g. shape, movement).
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l.
Processing many aspects of a problem or stimulus simultaneously.
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m. Theory that retina has three types of color receptors - red, green, and blue.
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n. Theory that visual information is processed in sets of opponent colors.
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The Ear
1. Describe the transduction of sound energy into neural messages?