Advanced Bio Cell Study Guide
Note: The test is not necessarily limited to these items.
Cell Theory
 What are the 3 components of the cell theory?
 Who coined the term “cell”?
 What was he looking at?
 Why did he call them cells?
 Which scientist discovered bacteria?
 What did he call them?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
 What 4 things do all cells have in common?

Be able to identify these cell shapes: coccus, bacillus, and spirillum.

What is the DNA like in bacteria? Is it in a nucleus?

What do the words “prokaryote” and “eukaryote” mean?

What structures are different and the same between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Make a Venn
diagram below.

What structures are different and the same between plant and animal cells? Make a Venn diagram
below.
Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells
 Know the functions of all of the organelles mentioned/studied in class and what the organelles look
like. Study your cell booklet.
o Nucleus
o Nucleolus
o Cytoplasm
o Cell Membrane
o Cell Wall
o Centrosome
o Mitochondria
o Chloroplast
o Lysosome
o Golgi
o Rough ER
o Smooth ER
o Ribosomes
Cell Membrane Structure
 What is the cell membrane made of?

How many layers make up the cell membrane?

What are the channels through the membrane made of?
Cell Membrane Transport
 What is diffusion?

What is a concentration gradient? In which direction does it always flow?

In passive transport, molecules move from an area of _______ concentration to an area of _______
concentration.

What is the difference between simple and facilitated diffusion?

What is active transport?

What is endocytosis?

What is exocytosis?

What does hypertonic mean? What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

What does hypotonic mean? What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

What does isotonic mean? What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?