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There are different substances within a
mixture can be separated as they are not
chemically bonded, therefore, retain their
individual properties.
Different techniques can be used, depending
on the their physical properties.
Techniques include: magnetisation,
filtration, centrifugation, evaporation, simple
distillation, fractional distillation, separating
funnel, chromatography
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DECANTATION
The careful pouring off of a liquid from a
mixture containing both liquid and solid.
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Colander, strainer,
FILTRATION
coffee filter
Is used to separate a solid suspended in a liquid
or gas.
Based on size
Substances separated into a filtrate and a residue
◦ Filtrate = liquid that passes through the filter paper
◦ Residue = solid that remains on the filter paper
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EX:
◦ Sand and water
◦ Water from rivers is filtered to remove solid particles.
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CENTRIFUGATION
Is the process based on the densities of the
particles in that mixture.
Used to separate insoluble solid or
suspension from a liquid
It is used to accelerate sedimentation
Blood – Mixture of red
blood cells, white blood
cells, plasma..
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EVAPORATION
To separate a solid disolved in a liquid.
Heating the solution until the solvent
evaporates living behind the solid residue.
For separating a mixture (solution) of a
soluble solid and a solvent.
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miscibility: the capacity
of a liquid to dissolve
into another.
DISTILLATION
For separating a mixture of miscible liquids.
(liquid from a solution).
Based in the difference of the Boiling points
of each liquid.
Ex.
◦ water from a salt solution
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ELECTROLYSIS
The CHEMICAL separation of the hydrogen
atoms from oxygen atom in a water molecule.
CHEMICAL SEPARATION – PURE SUBSTANCE