PPA/e7 Renewable Energy Workshop for
Southern Utilities
Victor Prasad & Rajan Anand
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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Background Information – 10 min
Fea core function
New Structure
What we stand for
Brief overview of current situation in fea
Why Renewable….and why now?
RE projects in fea – current & future
Case Study – Butoni Wind Farm – 15min
Descriptive
Planning a wind farm
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CONSTITUTION & CORE FUNCTION
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The Fiji Electricity Authority (fea) was established, incorporated and
constituted under the provisions of the Electricity Act of 1966 and
began operations from August 1st of that year. The fea is
responsible for generating, transmitting and retailing electricity in Fiji
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Members of the Board approved by the Minister of Works and
Energy.
•
CEO is responsible to the Members for the Authority’s management
and for execution of its policies
•
The powers, functions and duties of the Authority under the
Electricity Act are for the basic purpose of providing and maintaining
a power supply that is financially viable economically sound and
consistent with the required standards of safety, security and quality
of power supply
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CONSTITUTION & CORE FUNCTION
•
A uniform tariff rate is charged for electricity used by each
consumer group. The tariffs are fixed according to
government policy.
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Domestic lifeline tariff (<250kwh/month)
Domestic other tariff (>250kwh/month)
Commercial & industrial tariff (up to 14,999kwh)
Commercial & industrial tariff (>14,999kwh)
20.59c
21.27c
22.14c
20.00c
• The Authority is also entrusted with enforcing the Electricity
Act and regulations, setting standards, examining and
registering electricians, and is empowered to approve and
license suppliers to serve certain areas.
• Fea is also governed by the requirements under the Public
Enterprise Act
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VISION, MISSION & VALUES
An image of our
desired future :
“Energising our
people and our
Nation”
What FEA is here to do :
Vision
“We will provide clean and
affordable energy solutions to
Fiji and the Pacific. We aim to
provide all energy through
renewable resources by 2011”
Mission
How we intend to operate as
we pursue our vision:
Values
Customer focused
•Honesty
•Courage to do what is right for
FEA
•Team work
•Individual accountability
•Transparency
•Innovativeness
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CURRENT STATUS
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Installed capacity
Rated Thermal
Hydro
IPP’s
Maximum demand
Energy production (2004)
Number of customers
Growth rate
Transmission/ distribution system
Total 132KV line
Total 33KV line
11KV & below
Domestic other tariff (>250kwh/month)
180 MW
88 MW
80 MW
10 MW
111 MW
650 GWh
135,000
5.5% /annum
132KV, 33KV, 11KV and below
143km
322km
6,200km
21.27c
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WHY RENEWABLE…….& WHY NOW??
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fea’s DRIVE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
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To comply with Kyoto Protocol on reducing green house gases - (each MW
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To benefit from Clean Development Mechanism
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For Fiji’s electricity prices to remain competitive
hour of electricity generated in Fiji produces 0.69tonnes of greenhouse
gas pollution)
–
Rapidly increasing diesel fuel burn
–
Substantial exposure to highly volatile global oil market with risk of high and
volatile diesel prices
•
To reduce foreign exchange leakage out of Fiji – EXORBITANT PRICES!!
•
And to be innovative and think outside the box
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DEMAND SUPPLY PROJECTION
160
140
Unrel diesel
Exist Diesel
120
Sigatoka Ba
FSC Rarawai
MW
100
Butoni
Tropic Woods
80
New Diesel
Vaturu
60
Wainikasou
Exist Other
40
Hydro
MD
20
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
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OUTCOME OF CURRENT INITIATIVES
Potential
replacement for
diesel:
• Geothermal
• Gasification
1000
•Mini hydros
900
800
• Wind
700
FEA Diesel
GWh
600
• Solar
IPP Other Fuel
•Co-generation
500
400
300
FEA Renewable Energy
200
100
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
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AVERAGE COST OF DIESEL
$1,200.00
$8,000,000.00
$6,000,000.00
$5,000,000.00
$600.00
$4,000,000.00
$3,000,000.00
$400.00
$2,000,000.00
$200.00
$1,000,000.00
Sep '05
Jul '05
Aug '05
Jun '05
Apr '05
May '05
Mar '05
Jan '05
Feb '05
Dec '04
Oct '04
FJD per MT
Nov '04
Sep '04
Jul '04
Aug '04
Jun '04
Apr '04
May '04
Mar '04
$Jan '04
$Feb '04
FJD per MT
$800.00
Diesel use per month
$7,000,000.00
$1,000.00
Diesel usage
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Dam Level (masl)
MONASAVU DAM LEVELS
750
748
746
744
742
740
738
736
734
732
730
728
726
724
722
720
718
716
714
712
710
708
Jan
Maximum Dam Level
2004
2002
2005
2003
Safe Minim um Level
Absolute Minim um Operating Level
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Months
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AVERAGE DEMAND PROFILES
120.0
110.0
Jan
100.0
Feb
90.0
Mar
Apr
Load (MW)
80.0
May
70.0
Jun
60.0
Aug
Jul
Sep
50.0
Oct
Nov
40.0
Dec
Max
30.0
Min
Peak
20.0
10.0
0.0
0.02 0.06 0.1 0.15 0.19 0.23 0.27 0.31 0.35 0.4 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.6 0.65 0.69 0.73 0.77 0.81 0.85 0.9 0.94 0.98
Time of Day
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Independent Power Producer Interest
Studio city (5)
Rakiraki
Tavua
Ba
Lautoka
Elpicon (40)
Emperor (5)
FSC(15)
Tropik(9)
Nadarivatu (54)
Solar (1)
Vuda
Wailoa
Vaturu
Denarau (5)
Nadi
Momi(9)
Bula Marina(10)
Natadola(8)
Fj_Hwd(5)
Navua
Butoni (10)
Sigatoka
Suva
IRD (5)
Korolevu
Deuba
IRD_Naboro
(5)
Load Centres
Cities & Towns
New generation
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RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS
Rakiraki
Tavua
Ba
Navutu Solar Project ☺
1MW (2006)
Lautoka
Waqadra
Ovalau
Nadarivatu HE Project
45 - 55MW (2007)
Vuda
Wainikasou
HE Project
6.5MW (2004)
Vaturu HE Project
3.2MW (2005)
Nadi
Ovalau Wind Project
250KW (2006)
Wailoa
Momi
Natadola
Sigatoka
Kinoya
Butoni Wind Farm
10MW (2006)
Deuba
Korolevu
Suva
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RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS
Savusavu Wind Project
(2006)
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NADARIVATU HE PROJECT
Nadarivatu 1 Power Station
Nadarivatu Dam
Tunnels & Penstock
Nadarivatu 2
Power Station
Ex 132KV line
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POWER GENERATION SCHEME LAYOUT
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NAVUTU SOLAR PROJECT
10KW Navutu Depot setup
Area = 94m2
Contains 140 panels
Generated (average) 8.25 KWh per year
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RENEWABLE DEVELOPMENTS
Project
Project capacity
Milestones
$ value
Wainikasau - Hydro
6MW
Completion by May 2004
$10M
Vaturu - Hydro
2.8MW
Commence May ’04 (SEL)
PWD to complete Jan ‘06
$5.5M
Butoni Wind Farm
10MW
Construction to start in November
End in December 06
$32M
45 - 55MW
2006 start and completion by Aug
2008
$150M
1MW
RFT Stage
??
Geothermal
??
Studies under way
??
Bioenergy options
(Biofuel & Biomass)
??
Studies under way – coconut oil
trials, biomass options, vegetable
oil potential
??
Mini Hydro options
??
RE atlas underway in 3rd quarter
3 potential projects
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Nadarivatu Hydro
Solar - Navutu
Butoni Wind Farm – fea’s first wind farm
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BUTONI SITE
Nadi Airport
Wind FarmSite
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BUTONI WIND FARM
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Low–moderate wind speed conditions (av. 5.46 m/s)
Short-term data set only (less than a year)
Moderate correlation to Nadi airport – low wind
Narrow north-south ridge 5-6 kms from Sigatoka
Located along Butoni hill ridge, behind Sigatoka Town
37 Turbines, 55m high, 2 blade structure
275kW each, 10.175 MW in total ( 13% capacity factor)
11.5GWh annually (2% of current annual supply to Viti Levu)
Operates in wind speeds 4 - 20m/s
Can be lowered to ground in response to cyclone warnings, and reerected – approx 40 min
Require up to 5 full time equivalent staff to maintain / operate
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Vergnet
•Supplier of water and wind energy systems – niche player
•Supply 40 million people with clean water (mainly Africa)
•Supply 100 wind turbines per year worldwide
•Wind turbines in 20 kW, 60 kW and 275 kW sizes
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TECHNOLOGY PREFERENCE
Technically, Vergnet is ideal for our situation due to:
•Size of Machine – 275 kW (not too big for grid integration)
•Anti-cyclonic protection
•Light lifting equipment required
•Proximity in New Caledonia
•No Heavy Crane
•Guyed supports
•On ground assembly and maintenance
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MAIN STEPS IN DEVELOPING A WIND FARM
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Wind monitoring mast installed (approx. 30 – 50m)
Preliminary baseline flora & fauna assessment
Preliminary baseline cultural heritage
Preliminary development envelope (typical generator layout)
Environmental protection conservation act referral (EMP)
Detailed initial impact studies – floura &fauna assessment, avi-fauna,
cultural heritage assessment, acoustic assessment, visual impact,
shadow flicker, TV interference
Local consultation – socio economic study
Submit application
Community comment (stakeholders)
Application approved
Final local impact studies
Detailed EMP for construction (CEMP)
Commercial agreements signed – LOU
Construction
Commissioning
O&M
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PLANNING A WIND FARM
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Quality wind data – have you got sufficient information and is the wind
consistent
Impact on environment – “nimby” phenomenon
Acoustic effects – once people know a project is on the way, new houses
get built – compensation issues
Best to do baseline studies to avoid compensation issues after (do tests
before and after)
Archaeological sites – Fijian way was to bury their loved ones under their
houses. So avoid house mounds – compensation issues
Consider climatic conditions – Fiji has an average of 3 -4 cyclones per
year
Terrain – ask yourself whether a project is possible.
Sizing turbines – always consider lifting capabilities in your country after
the project and consider the weather.
Spare parts – how much do you keep on the books (commercial decision)
Grid connection – is grid connection possible? Is grid in close proximity?
Can your system take the power generated from a WTG?
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PLANNING A WIND FARM
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O & M – have you got expertise in the country? How far away is help?
Good access for construction vehicle and machinery is essential
(contractors concentrate on the WF and forget access is an integral part
of the project)
Storage issues – need good storage facilities for the rotor and nacelle
Road and traffic management – are your loads sufficiently designed to
take the huge loads. Need to do traffic study and bridge count. Need to
check bending radius
What are you capabilities after contractor leaves project site?
Survey plans – are your Lands department plans correct? What contour
maps do you have? Need detailed contour maps.
Is large area available for optimum spacing of WTG (only 1% land taken
up)
No risk sharing from local contractors
Need to do a risk management exercise together with all parties for the
good of the project
Landowners & local community – need to get a good feel before you
commit – single most critical factor!!
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PLANNING A WIND FARM
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Communication protocols – grid code issues
Need good working drawings – different countries have different
standards. In the Pacific, we generally follow Australia 7 NZ standards
Have a well defined contract – deal with issues like Liquidated damages,
penalty and bonuses well
Have to make safety the number one priority – need alignment with other
organisations
Need a project management plan, engineering management plan, quality
management plan and maybe a safety plan
Need a dedicated Project manager – one focus
80 – 20 rule :80% time is spent planning the plan, 20% is spent working
the plan.
Contracts best managed as a Turn key contract rather than reducing
scope for principal contractor. Establish rules of communication early!
Government incentives and Duty and tax issues
Transmission component of the WF project – easy to lose focus.
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HISTORY OF A PROJECT
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The Saga!!
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THANK YOU
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