Chapter 5
DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION
lrdr61irc dy* litc Mrlehit eErL Mctiyl@ blu, F$t
CEtr, drd R.d HF-6BN (ea.rirc rcd 195) wcE cei.d out by sing adoieft like
o@loo.iUditc clay, LDHr bodi6.d
cby, p!6tbar. oodili.d
'mtndill@it
t|nhorilldiL clan ,z!di*nr. irdiq (@E) LaA dd sn .? w@l fihd ud.r tn.
Adso4ti@ of&idic,baic
atrut
oplini4<l conditiffi of
of adsdb.n!, cD@ltl tion of adiolb.r., rh.ling
lic
ed l.Epd.tws, Comnr.tio6 oa dt!! bcf@ srd lid ld$rltion wdc I|Burd by
W-visibL sp.doploboa.. uilg sodrd elibllli@ dhod
5.1
LAY OUT OF THE DATA:
5J CHARACTERIZATION OF ADSORBENTS
h
lhe
F.F
chd&t riad
sludy
adsorbdE
6ing SEM t cbliq@ io obwe
by
Er.do l,{oept
521 ScDlng
IE
4hrd dd dodifrd
lbe
*ft ed
.nd they w€e
sud@ ntrpnobgy.
(SEM)
surf@ of moffEdillonite clay, LDHS nodilied mondeilonite .lay. phsphlt!
nodified lM|mdiU@ii. cl.y,
Azdinr.h irdica 16v6, 3h@p w@l fib.r ud bired
b.d 6i! re stldicd efth rh. t lp of 6@g+t bt@ by $eiog .L.ir.o
niqosc@. (SEM) bef@ &d lnd th. adupliod of dt!5,
rd
l"rslG 4.!.1- 43,4 (.)
{31- :l3.4 ( b)
show
l!. surfe of tMtluillonir!
ere!.r.d bcf@ rb. .dsdpri@ of dts ald b6oe satElr.d
ai!. ad(r?tion wih nda.ni. g4a @rhyLE blE, f$t g,F md F*rirc rd 195
adsn@t wbich wa
dyes.
Thft
a.riv. ritce
is a
e
$guc a3J
fmltion
of !d!o$ed
l.rq d
th.
surfs
oI ad!d!c!t
setu
to be no
daiLblc fd thr firrna .d&rpti@ of dy..
(r)
ud |3J
(b) slow th. SEM i@es of LDlls Dodifld MC bef@
dd
anq lr.atm.nt sith fan gr@ dye. A! w! hDv thlt the &l5oQtior ep&ity of adsqbelr
it
@ ft.
mnturilonit! cLy sft $
Egulz ltywd snu.r@. Whib an r LDg! o.di6c.don rbe su.ll 0.La of LDtl3
is
dirElly dlFnds @
surf&
SEM
iDg!
of
142
DdrMill@iE sul@. lt indicard th8r .nd rh.
oodiEcadd Fcs, U. LDIB E difi.d lmr@ill@it sbows ti!s€@ ol
lmtDorilloit ed LDlt itr iG lErrcr$. Ce*qendy LDH paticld {bpy llc
qrsDnl @d ilr@al spss in rh. moMill@ic &d iniqql.r.d inro te rEf4.
Wh@ rh. o.di6cd rd5dndr udrid fd dD cmval of f.sr ltEl dt€, il c@ ro i.v.
|lm safldrd sites a @pa.d ro b.f@ Dodifrlri@.
n n p3rticl6
@
{,L6 (b) 8ho* rhc SEM iE!g6 of phosphor€ mdified MC dd
Eelcd MC. As p[sph.t! iod w@ ch.bidbed d the sdfe oI MC.
Figug 43.6 (r)
n
lachite
so
t!.
gI€
bound.d @ tb.
and
irEg* oI thb nodifi.d arldb.ni lhov diff.r.ot sutt@ mryholocy a
ro MC. who n is a&orb.d with MC dr!, m avonabb y&mr sit$ w@ !6
SEM
€onpared
fig|E
(.)
!.milg .L.tto! oicNoly 6EM) of th.
.zdireht! ildica ldv6 wlib nslE 43.?-,13.10 (b) shw ln. sEM i@e6 of l[.
AILP alia trtiring sith MG, MB, FC ud RRI95 d)6. Mey .qty spl6 ad pcu
sit . re filled afta th. .dspti@ of dt! DL.d.s.
43.7-4.3.10
Ilg|c 4311,43.,
[ *a ftud
thlt
the
sh@ th.
(r) So*
Fils
9@
thc SEM
l'wot
oi@gEpts of
@ th.
lwfe
of
d
utrft:ied sha? v@l frt r.
sml
fiber &d
oql4pilg o!
@ aotbd lile in thc potLd of tiL6. Thly sdr Foviding th. surf@ fu th. adsdptid
d dJ€s @ *61 fibs- ft qs obseP.n ih|t srl$ pEtdl @ flat in sh.pe od mgbEs
of tn w@l c@irg iion the d6llppin8 of thc ccU, niuB ,L3.ll-4.3.12 (b) shows $e
SEM nimgnpns of rI alld !h..p w@l frbd wiih MB &d RR195 d'€!, mnbows
tEal.d with dyes tu
smd
bef@ adrqptio!. w@l fibd
bc@@ thi! d@ to
ft8|E
surfe tsa@ satulicd.
tbe shriDras. of
!pp.s
It wa alrc 3@ in
tn ib,e.s
shich w@
to b. ihicl but 8ftq adsorpiio of
d'$ it
fibs .n r d* inr.r&lid of d)€.
ud rit!€.lJF4-1.16 O) inoe the sEM ni@rr4br of
bir.d ted cin tef@ &d lns tqrDot wir! MB, MC, FG .nd RR195 dtq whict @
c{i@ic ald didic in nsE sEM idg.s dely sbo* rld bef@ rL. Er.|JMt *il!
dF difl.d siz.d Bb Fnicler @ p@d pbicb b@o6.drecd and h.ins dret
43J343.16 (r)
t43
5.3 PART
I.
DECOIORJZATION OT MALACEITE GREEN DYE BY
USING MONTMOtrIIJOMIE CLAY (MC), PqOSPHATE MODIIIED
MC AI\D AZADIRACUTA II\]DICA (NEEM) LEAVES POWDER (ATLP)
MrL.biE gE! (Mo) dy. wa
!d$!.d
liL m!tuorilbnn. chy (MC),
53.1
md
of
.@ea
of
Ennl ard mdifird draials
phophat d nodrfql MC.nd aadi.-h$ iadio lare
on rhc
$d@
of
.dsn€rts:
Tn .ffet of @ut of a&db.nts such s MC, MCtu ed AILP ltr 1n. rcmval oi
MG dlc fton th. .4l.@ $lurio ea studied, Difr.dt amuts of rhe a!ov.
@!d@d adiorbcnb tueing fion 0.1 !o 1.258r rcG t0td lo nnd @r th.ir.fi{B.
Th. BuI5 sh@ lLar 1.0 gb ol MC gircs abot 84-7 % itmv.l of MC. 0,3 gn of MC
*q& 8ls %j
% of MG &d 0.8 gE of AILP
giE mi 6 E@val
ol dyc. Th.
@ffici..t (KD) vrlB !1 rlEse rlevdr tuis *@ 25.4, 96.3 dd 30.1
@VBn FpectiElr fd thc opetivc adsorbcnrs sysLo O6dl. thl adsoptioD of MG
wa imsed si(h the i|ee i! alrur dd rb.! n dop6 dd lsah n*s with tn
dttribution
smul of Mc, Mcdoo& 8d AILP, The vsiaiion in lb€ % adsorplion
lalB of Ep..tirc deibots sho* lh. pEqe of !)@ d l* irs'n& ad d.f@riv.
.d86. The cdlB play a siSrificart 6L duiry rh. dsorpri@ phdonlmn. ft6.
.i8s s$ite tle satnsted pm of l[e dye o.l a@Lrst UE cmoval ot dye mldules
[273,2?a]. I!!$ typq of obed.ti6 14 liso str fq Oe ad.orpdon of dgdic eidj
d lh. sun4 ot lircly divid.d chaoal 1275,2761, Ih. Es'nts e shoq in TabL 4. L I
{rd iigG 4.2.1- 4.2.3. Th. ahov. oFioiad amui of odsotudtl s4 N.d ro pr.tle
d. dsr?dd crFri@G.
additi@ of rhe
5.3.2
Edf6t ofshlktq
dft:
Tabl. 4.1.2 s[Ns $e adsrptio of MG dyc @ MC, MC,."",b. .rd AILP ad$rbdll by
cheging the jntoractior li@ b.rwen the adsod.trrs wnn dy!. Th. v!t@s oI
lBiIM
adsorPtie of
dr wft
ill!!.g
ql@s of
the
ex@i!.d @ AILP n l0 oilura atoul 80-64. Ar shrljlg rire
(!
also
ill@-
For MCIMC
.!d Mc- MCd-!r.! stst G r[.
@iou
sa trt.s ple .l 25 binut . .hout 9.lS .Dd 20 niilnd
.bod 9E.6 6 Gpedrcly. Ou dL th. ddPd@ Fd* 3[os!d redon h.!!vid ad
MC-MC {d MC- MCddfu sJ6t @. rbc a!rc patlaD s$ alio folowed by lle vdB
of KD. In
.dsdpti@ of dyc
ce
!d$r?ti6 cap&ily wa raiss rith lb.
6ulI! e lbom h frgws 4,2.4 - 4,2.6.
of MG- AILP slden tlc
i! tio. dd rhd d..rce6,
ft.
p@ liqlid .!d solid
i@e
e id.rdi.8 lt r lhc bqld.ry
bcls@ Flid od |n.
liquid i3 inLrfa h!6 difi.ut ch@tainics froo iL. ioM 9{t of th. liStrid, her@
rh. Epl@tMlr of lh. $lid nole'ne! or id @ the surf@ of adsorh.o$ t t pl4 by
th. Lquid nol€dle6. Thc fres *bich *.F opdarirg m ln. liquid ml*ules @ shitud
r.d 6uli.d itr t!. in.tle in mfnid
of tb. lrqud th. intEfc. Th. liqlid
Whd
a
reldde
!d!.Fd n ft. sde of eli4 lt n dhorpli@ L ft'rq s @qd!d !o
'@
rh. liquid-lrss 3tsi.o .A! rbe c!)lMmri@ of dt! slulior ilflter thd Ib. re of
adsdption w4 ds incM6, Dting ih. plws of ads6 ion aftd sDll d ldgc
ili!ryab ol dre, rh..quutdm ws stst d to sllblish h.trcn ibc @le.!l4 ar dE
bulky pGirid !.d derbed ph.* [2771. Fo. b.td untlasleding of lhe plrr@ ol
&dDlioa c6id6 U. auqL of Dl&tit gtEl dtE. ub.o aq!d! eluti@ of dtr
coG i! @iet sirh th. suf@ of .d!cb@t []. tM lav.s. th. u$arnt d par of
orbcbit g@n hits th. u.Eul d ir.p.d..t bou&ry of ad$6.nt, The epdto of
dy. @lc.ules ststs quicuy !r lb! ioiti.l !rag. 6 they sEike th. mleul$ of adqb.nl
ud ddicds @ fori.d, Tbar is. forE don of tbtct Ljqof dy. @ th! s[f4 of @d
5.3.3
Etrer ol
..@.tntim
of dya
rh. Enovat of rbla.hitc gIM d'! sa ok rcd by v{ying rh. dye €oMfidon
u"ds th. optibizd .muDt of MC (1.0 gb). MCr.",b (0.3 e!) ed AILP (0.8 go)
rdstdts. Rr AILP sy3leD, rh..dsptioa of dy. *a imsd vith rbc ilrrle i!
.d@l[adon of MG
dyc thcr it dropr
&d
rganr
i!.lias.
ftc
atlsoplioD
wq
'uiou
obsrtd 01 cl@ntnlid 3,orl0r mldn!, rte valB of KD e snowirg redod
h.h.vi6 tlr@dour th. st5l!@ Fd Mc, ihc ad&+ti@ wd iffi.asd wirh t[e ime
in th. ctmlliid of dy. rta it va d!.ttled b, nbioS lb. @Mr.ati@. TD.
t45
uioun.&cpdo6 96.2 * es rlrdEd d Mlri@ l.Oxlor @lioi For Mcl
Mcdiarsy.t D lte dsttiE rs de i6lrid eilh tb iEe i! @@tlioo of
drc rld tbd b@. .drd. Tt ouilD dqFi6 959 6 l!3 ol6..!.d a
@!rrdi@ 5.o.lo' @ldDr fa Mc dF 8FG@ TL r.$in @ @iz.d i!
T$L 4.1.3 .D.l frg@ 42t - {2.9.
!3,
Ad.ortdoo
L.O.lr,
A! dldFi@ ilollsE tu | g{ti.d E!t!..drd6 $o*iot 6. El|liostip taelcn
rt .oour r&or!.d Dy r rrir wiSu of lLdnar &d th. rD@r o{ r&dtd.
@dd!8 i! tt Lrl @diu ! cqqilib.iud- lt r{3 tb. dirEihrid of &dncd
olqL. bdg6 lt. riquid dd lolid ![4. d vriu .Crntbi@ .o@lr.d@
,I}. .ddpd@ iedED i. t{i.d o th. dit whic[ i! ip@i6. fd *! dJ+
t2?91.
lhortar ryn e Tb i6p.cid d ddFi6 iloodD tto'! | &c!!s. in tb.
ldcF m of dyq rfth rt iE@ i! |.qddG, It !!@. |ha rdrotpdon of nd.diE
rla o MGMCrrrr Dd Alll b adEDb i! u!G. th. dd! *a d$ ft[d d
|!. r$ttun, Rutldli|L dd Dubirin-R dllbvidr (DR) dspd@ i!.ltqD
qurionl
$.4.r
lzEol.
rrqnlr dEldor ro&d
Lognl|ir do&l i5
! .ln9L |b.diql d.l *!id ir o!.d ro deib @hF
rddptid [28]l.It $ll tnom
L.sgEub cqttrid i! qFBscd
crvo= r/Kv.+cJv"
(
a t2l2]:
(5.1)
ir t!. !d..igio coctr iat d ldtmir .6rdl V. i. |} mLy.
ceeity, vd i! tt .@n of dF ltqdrd lo fdb tt @oLF oq lt cd& of
.d6dt ol ed Cr i! tb .quiltiiu @!d@ A rtdghr b! w! otrd!.d by
plord!8 C./x/o vqs C.. Rlo 6. .loF d ida!4 rb vd6 of @rd. K Drl
v. e.! crlqrln 4 Tt .&dFio dFiD.!$ 9w sdplirt d .t difqlll
rc4.rdct rusilr t@ 303 io 3r8 K a Oou i! fu8. 4.2.10 . 4212 d e
Wlg!,
su!)l@iarl in Tabl. 4.14. Ii !ho*
rtrat
lhe *s incrue ir
th. valrcs of K vith tle
i$
ir &op6at@ *e ar 318 K fd MG,MC stsr.o, plEdidr rh. sfiqg adsttd.,
d$rh6t inta!.lion ar hieh* rbFonB. Ir rcv..k lhat th. ads.rplion lfdnity of dye
wa il]c6B rith th. ri& i! l!rycrlnre 3o adsdption i! fav@bt€ al hjgtd
Edp.rarc. Fd MG- Mcrrqi- .rd MG,AILP syst a rh. vales of K 9@
d.@a*d *ith lhe ie i! t npa*m exep1318 arxl3l3K, lbe nonolaycr qp*iry
(V!), fd MG-MC atsr.D w6 dqqs.d witn l[c i@ i! coF€|u., indidin8 hid
.finfty of dyc ad$ipri6
loe teoperaru.s. Whil. in
.e
MC.tu@ dd MG
AILP sysLb lbe v.lB of vD v@ il|c!!.s *irh tL riE in i.Dp.rrG exe$ !r 303
lrd 313X. I! so@ llsrcn K v.lB w@ Egltivc showilg rh.ll[ey gd nor follNed
rh. I ."s-uir adqptid isorh.m equrtion [283].
5.142
ftc
al
of MG
&tuinicb rderDaio. ilorhe@
Eodid iedm w
qprsscd
t
)vn
g)gn =
by
6itrg
loB K
l[. followilg cquad@.
+l/i
lo8 C!
\5.2)
drout adqt€n pq uit @s of lhe ad$rb. , Cr s rhe equitibriu
@e!tsatioD. dd l/n and K e o6lrd! I2U). he' 4,2-t3 - 4.2.15 depict dE
Where
is th€
Bluldlich plois whid
'*
obr.jlcd ar
@mpuLd hon th€ slopes &d
IDe
@fldt
K cl.r4r to rh.
id.r.pr
&gE
irteNiiy of lhe ad5oQtio!, Th.
veiN EbFrarr' Vdu
of lhen
Esperire
of ld&rprioa
i@e
shL
plors
e
of K
dd
n
re
lisrld in TabL 4.l.5.
n prcvid.s ttE
6ad.dd of
in lhe vales of K vith rte dsc in
t D!.ranft
fd MC-MC ald MG MC+b& sFr.6 Eu& i[.! .dsdpri@ affilitt of nd-li|e
gEn dye n fav@blc al higba rcrysar@ wirt rhc cxc?tid al AILP st$.n wne@
decrsntg tod wa oh6sv.d. Whi|e dm6 i! thc vatu of ( wirh rhc reryr.n@
rhft
thlr adsFi@ of MC on AILP
53.,L1
Dltbir t dqblcvtt lsodio
Th. adso.ption ddla
wbicb
re
fiftd
t apiearcd i, rbe tilEized
also
*3 flwbL
d t@a
abFratE
on Dubinjn-Radu6ht vish (D,R)
fm s
:
12851,
iso$€m .ouatio&
(5.t
(5.4)
Wt E, Xo is d. mmlatu cqeity of !d!dt nt K is a @1art Eht d to !&qpti6
.Mgtr, .i5.dsdpri@potcltial,Ri5.gacsr&tTbrbslur.Go!.ratu.,)(/Ddd
Ct hN. uld '*"ning'. Tb. DR pld! of h (ro) 6b I sd obhr.d at mN
t!4cntes e
suom
i!
Fi8s.42,l6
-
4,2,18,
rc
@oplrl.d
too
@ ne msgy
of uption
{q)
Vds ofx.
dd dops of lbe Esp€ti$ plot6 @d l[.
sa.aLulor.dlionKbyuitr8tn .qud@I2E6l:
th. int t!.pt
@d K
(5.t
EFt2Kt''
Irble 4,1.6 shoss
the v.lu€s of Ei
lc
MC-MC
ed MCi
MC
@
sysr.s *hich w$
il'dltg
witt th. ieDperate, indicllilg tbar erptid cap&ny wd riss with rh.
coD.drw. For FG-AILP syitcr! E vdB *@ &dr!s will tle i@ in
EopcEtuq
535
It
d.?t
at 303
L
ntqDo.ttluic p.nD.a.B
d iopodd ol. to u.darrmd tt nroF of.diorprid
Il.nodFmics pemtds Elatcs lhc ad$rFion of dr€ sudr a ii!.
th.modyM&ic
Fo@s [287].
anrdier
plry
wry} .bdge
(Ac), erthdpy cheg4 (ArD dd 12811 enn@y chesca (As). @
labular.d in Table 4,1,7 dd .aL'natld by usirS th. equari@.
(5.6)
rjKo=AS/R-6H/RT
(5.7)
ACEAH-TAS
(5.8)
6II .od AS 9@ qlo!.€d noe lh. sloF .!d inc.c.pr of dE li*e
reildd of h f$ *ith lhe GiFocal of r.6F$e ([D which n $ou ir fi8c
4,2,19 - 4.2.21. IE valu of AC fd MG- MC,&,t4 ord MG-AILP s'!lo5 v.E
mg.ltv. ar vdioB tebFatEs showinl lh. spo lMs behavid of .tLdption
Th. vdus of
pra6- \{liL t!. v.lu
Th. valB of AH
*ft
of AG
f6
MC.MC 3ysLo ihoe
.m sporaDu beh!!id,
p6iIiv. fq MG-MC{!6cj ald MG-AILP
n.nE of .dsorplion pllss. while
in
6.
show the
endodedic
of MG,MC sysl.b n sho*s regativ. valucs
.!d eprents tI. .xotl.mic ..dw of .deAti@ proq' Thc valu€s of dS wd
ldiriE t( MC-MCf.aha od MGAILP 3y3LB shiL fd MG.MC ayst.n rt y r4
llo*ins Etrdon h.b,vid5J| PART
TI
DECOLORIZATION OF FAST GREE}I DT.E EY USING
MONTMORJLLOMIT CI,AY (MC),
LD&
MODIFIET'
MC
AND
AZADIRACITIA INUOT NEEM) L,EAITJ POWI'BR (AILP)
Ih. @v.l of far tta dr! vs @i.d Nt by rle .dsapri@ prtEs @ dE wfe of
!a$al srd bodi6.! .d&tbells lilc m.ieci!@ib clay (MC). LDg. Dodifi.d MC
nrd
azdn!.h$ itrdic.
s.4rEf€r oa.mur
Tt
effcd of
ldst
d'l *d stdi.d
by
Lavcs (AILP). uldd dr. opriDizd
ot
llat
t@iDm
r&db.nbl
rts .Jte@E
fr
tb. d.el6i?,ri@ ald d.toritic$ih of
silg Mq MC-Bed
th. Espetive atborbdb
p.m.rcsl
*a
&d
*s
gGD
adsq!. .. Th. optidmdoDr of
varyine it! amut, Thc 6uli i.diclr.d
AILP
idlcsri$i.d by
ddsrpdor capeiry
fd
obr.i!.d
s1 1.0 gm about 76,60 4)
of MC, 8O.l %
!E of AILP- Tt disEiburi@ camci..l ((o)
vdB at thc 6pe1iE aJru|s w@ obrliEd s 229, 34.3 .!d 2?.8 (myg)
cpErircly. Orcntl, thc dsFim of fd gt@ dr by sing .dsoinds MC, MC.s
!1 0.? gm
and
AILP
vdiado
of MC-@
vs
y2.6 % sl 1,0
inc|fu *ith llc ilde in rhe ll'jMr &)d lh@ &qea&d, thc
ir lh. % a<hotption yd6 oI F6pccrive adsdtd$ sho* lhe F€se@ ot mr
initidly
q l4s iregul& ald d.tativ.
ft* cdg6 play a sienincst rcL in rhe adsorytion
pb.loffi. Tb.y sEiL ih. barurd p.r1of the dt! od @d.r.r.lb. mvat of
dtt @l@i6 12721. The ttF of o66dv.ri@ w dso obwc{t fo rhc adsDrid
of dgeic &id6 @ ilc aud@ of liel, divid.d ch@al [275]. Ih. sdtl @ shom in
Tafle 4.1.9 ed fige.s 4.2.22 - 4,2.24. Th. nmh6 ad$rplid dFrire s w@
pl{erld by t .?irg lhc ofliniad amur of adsdbc i.
edg6.
5.4-2
Efict
of rh.ldnr
tim;
Tablc 4.1,10 illulnalls lhe ldsorpriotr of i61
adsdb€dB by varyirg rh.
m AILP .r
30
tii.
niDler. the
pdiod.
v.lB
M.il|u
mindd lbour 84,9% ald at
a&dprim
ole
Fes
showile r&doE
Minm
iBes.d
s,a3 Er.ct of
M@at ri'!
MC-e and AILI
of dyt ss obst d
wirh rh.
odsorptid of dyc
iltclt& i.
*s
tir.
ob6a€d dl
oilur.s about 84.4 % eipetiwly. Ord
.I, r&
srsEd I2E8l. IrE Elq ot KD
of FO-MC.@ syscn rlD adjolPtioD wd in@.d
b€Irid fq
FG_MC
s@ parld. h ce
tn ilJ!(:J:l* ir ti@ rdrl t6 de@s.d kru[s @
toUow lhe
wnh
15
dye on MC,
.rlsdpri@ 9.0%
of KD w@ .ho
Fo! FG-MC and FG-MC-DB dyst @ th.
10
glM
showa in fi
gBs 4,225 - 4.2.n,
oadr€:
Tr! rcmv.l of fet gE.n d}t ws o6&dcd by veyitrg th. d,€ c(@flrslim udhr rh.
optibi4d at|r@r ald st.tirg ti4 of MC, MC-re dd AtLp. For AlLp srs&E rhc
adsolptio! w6 in@a$d with Ihe
iDole
in
c(enr.d@
of FG tb.n it droF od agai!
il@*s. the nqiaun aderpdo ws ob*ry€d at 8.6x104 nol.dmi@r@nrarion.
'ft. valB of Xo *a! 3hwi.S tudoE b.havid lhrcugldt 6. systen. For MC.
rhc
i!@s.d rirb th. i@6. io c@dE!ri@ of dyc rhcD n v6 &c@{t
with tn in@e in @@tu1i6. Ih. mdinun !6o.Iton w4 obsdvld
ai
cletrFari@ 6.3x10< ml.dnra 95.2 $. Fo. MC_B, the ads6Dri@ ws incl!&d
rirh tb€ il|.!te ir co@!t6ti@ of dr! .dt rh€r d6r.,ed 12891. TlE luiob
lsorption wa obw.d ar coeftari@ 9,OxlO I @l.ttnJ sbout 82.1 % fd fst
sreD
.ryc rysc6, IlE Bdts e 3u@iz!d i, TabL 4. L t I ed lig@s
4.2_28 - 4.2.30.
&,rorpti@ w$
5.4.4
{)SORPTION ISOTHERMS STT'DIES:
srr,4.1 L.ngDulI .do.prion
'nE !&oipli@ cxpqi@nts
i$rb.lD
vs
diff@t tlmpcErws tugilg ftob
3O3 0o 3l8K 4 sloq in fi88.4,2.]t4.2.33, th€
@lrs e suDb4irdr in TaDt
4,1,12- llrc i|rl:l!e i! rbe v.lB of K *ft d. ri$ in t
opdlrw rd FC-MC. FG,MC-
.s
a@nptjlhcd !r
md FG-AILP sysrm lr.dicB rhe 3bug .dsqtar.{rbmenl derrction
!t hiehd
l50
t mpentrB. It Erds thal l!. rd3orltio affbiy of dye id.a6 *ith lhe rie in
t n'perdt@ so a<hdption i! hisbly f.vo.bL !t hiehd icnFr*ua, All ltE.d5olprion
sysLs follow tegnun .dspdon idlm.rapl 11 3l8K f6 FG,MC. at 3o8K fu
FG-MC- DB 4d ar 303K fd FG-AILP systes, tL l@olayd c{peily (VJ. fq FG-
.!i
t qc!r@ Gxcepr at 303(,
ndn"dig rhe bigh .tfDity of dt€ .dsdprid ar low r.Eos.n6, WtiL i! .* of Fc_
MC and FG-MC DB strl!@ rh. valrc! of v! w@ inm.d wirh tn ri$ in
MC
5"4,1.2
rC-AILP sysGo ws d€.G$€d with
.udldl
F
rhc
ill.Ile
in
r&orprto. isoan.E
Figm .1,2.34 - 4.2.36 d.pi.r th. R.udlich plors wbjch w€F obkin d ar vdious
t oFdtlG. Vdc ol K .!d tr rcF @pur.d f@ rt stoFs sd jnLepr! of 6.i.
Bpetiv. ploB @ shoM i! Tabl.4.l,l3. Th. coqirni K rlll.s to rh€ d.g@ of
a&.Ation, wnik n providB 6. Biimrid of ltc inrcBiry of ad.or?tim. Thc de@e in
rnc rrlc of K win lle rj& i! r.q@te fd FGMC, re_Mc,lN
ed FclAILp
rystc6. EvdL lhal adsFi@ dfility ot f6l 8@n drr .t@,g vith tlE ds. ir
tedp@r'E shosilg rhlr ad$rpdon n L$ favdabre
5,4,'1.3
Drbiri. R.dlst*evtb Isrhcn:
Th. D
R plors
valM
of
X.
veE plorcd
and
K
re
al vdious tornpdslues
cdculaEd A@ tb.
al hidhd
s
kDpcrar!&s
t29 U.
shos! in Fi8@ s 4.231 - 4.2.39.
bLE F ed ,to!a
of tEn
BFcliv.
r!. rd'a of E fd FO-MC &d FC- MC- @ sysrens, ft ss
l.hpcnne, i!djc.ti!8 d incEs. i! dye rcrFon vrn rh. ilElte in
plot3. Tablc 4- L 14 shows
i|ms.6
wilh th.
EDpdalle, Fir FG,AILP 3Fr.q Er
€EFr.
5.4J
q .@Pr
of
witn lhc
i@e
in
al I 18 K 1292t.
Tt .Eodylmik
th. vdB
vdB m d@es
EDd.B
6II .rd
AS
re
c{oda{.d
nlo l[ sl@ @ {erept
or
lh.
lilE
ii. bipBd or rloperd@ (t/T) s shoq b fis@s 4.2.4S
4.2,42. The val$s ol AO fr FG-MC, FG-MC-DB sd FG,AILP syneff
e rcgdive ar
vaiatid of In KD sith
298 !o 313 K
shNirg
rhc
rpont.eu t bvid
of
drdFi@ proes.
\r,hitc
r!. etus
l5l
e
p6iriE fa FG-MC-B 3j6rd sbors rb. .trddtmi. .r@ of .d$prim
pI@$.Ih. e8ative v.lB of AH i! c4! of FG-MC ad FC-AILP sy6re@s show rh€
exo$mic snr of adsnpti@ pro6s. Th€ vales of AS w€! rFsitive for aI tn.
dsqba& -adeft.ar sFEn [293].
of AH
5.5 PART
I|I.
DECOLORJZATION OF METEYLENE BLTJE DYE BY
USING MC, AJLP AND SW":
Rdbrd of MB dt! by rh. .d!o+rid @ lle surfaa of lstml @tdials litc
mtDor dii' clay (MC), .zldjreti! irdi6 L.v6 (AlLp) ed shaD @t tib..
5J,1 Efect of
A'rut
of Mc, AILP
ud swF adeb.n6:
OltillM rmutl of rhe lbove @tioo.d ltLorhoi. EE ilbtigst
d, Tne Bu1r5
d.l adsqption of MB dy. oa lnc sufee of MC, AILP aad SWF wd in@led
lle lll.lte in .d!dn all]fut dtd E&hes ro a cqu ibn@ t€luc ar 0.6
shoe.it
witb
(8?.26)
sD
fd
MC, 0.4 8m (82.0%) fG AILP ard O_3 gn (E4.?6) fc SwF. ln6 rhat
&LroDrid wa d@!.d wib th. ilr.rle in rh. !@ut. A! rhe pdrqt remvat
of t/tB
dt€ wa im.s.d *nh the ircieding i! thc douB of adqDen6 how.vs
lhc rario of
d}€
dsq!.d
!dsb.
6 &.ss.d
ltc icr& in lhc tu@r of
.<lsot'.ra. Ihe dijEiburi@ @ftrcid (re) vdq at tb. qpetiv. @btl gft
50.32,
61,53? dd 84.?8 moy8n rclp.divcly 12891. tle Buhs e snoq
in Tabte 4.1.1.7 ed
fi96
42i3-
ro
4,2.45.
552 Efi..r oast Srg
Efler of statirg
aftd!.d!
rift
Tt
s (Ko)
eirh
M
by k
.pi!g
ws ilqdgai.d
at rhc
op{iE@
.d$pt@ €rpqi@aK s@
rhc opriEiad
lie
@ rhe
|!|Md
of dF
am4l of
.&dplid of MB dyc 6 Mc. AILP.nl swF
siborb..rs by vaying 0t shaljle rim. MdiDM etuyd 85.5% ot dye ws
obraiDed
m AILP ot 40 nirures. Tt vdB of (D w@ al6o i!(l€4d wilh dE
iDE& in lim
[2941, For MB-MC ald i,tB-SWF lysi.G rhe nr.rnph adrorpdd or dy. s6
ob&rv.d
Tablc 4.1.18 iuuFat.s rhe
152
al 25
niNla .bdt
FE*
sdsupti@
abo
folo,
rh.
553
End
oa
E6.5%
showitrg
oilucs about 83,9 * elp..tiEly. Ov.r aL rhc
Edk n b.ldvic for MB,SWF 3yscd Th. yatB of KD
ed
35
I! @ ot MB-MC and MB-AILP sysiem lbe adsorplio!
qa im6.d with tlE ilxr6c i! ti@ and lb€n deeed ltcsulr! @ shom in ti@s
42,& 42,44_
sre
panein.
Co@b.tloo
of
lrtd
veid
@n@tari@ of @dytd. blu dtr rcE pr.p@d in odd ro invcsrisaL lhc
o9!nm ntrge of @raE{i@ of rh. dye $lutim @d.r rle oproi4d dooDr of
shr,ting 1i@. F( MB-AILP sysi.rb, de ldlolplid ws ilrc@.d with the iMcse in
c@dEarioa of MB d}! rhd ir drcp€d ald sg.in i@&r, 1!. bqiDm rnlorytio
(93,? 96)
B
obwed
ar
@inM
ad$ptior ya obs.eed
oltHlllid. ft. ycl6 of KD @
shoving r&don b€hovitr thmdNr rh. systco, Fd MC a l SwF s'6l!N, rh.
ldsoAtior ws ild€ed win rh. ima i! co@nFari@ of dy. rlE! n w6 dccM.d
*ilh thc i|Irle itr @@E ti@. Fo. MB,MC ,ysr.n rtx Ilr,M erdpuo v$
obs.lqt al l,25xloj@l.dDr
cd..ntr.lid
l.25xlo5 @l.dnr$ 94.1 %. For MB_SWF systed rh.
.ddturion 9.2x lO5 noktn
6ulr' @ s@iz.d in labl. 4.1.t 9 ald FisG 4,2,49- ir.z.5 r.
5J,4 A&orpdd
5!5"{.r
ar
i
about 80.8 %.
Ite
Istt @:
L.ngnrrr &horydm lloat
IrF crperiMr! for sMyirg
rbe
m
Lrgnuir {dsdpti@ i$th6n w@
u
.r
r€np.hrB
rudag filD 303 to tt8 I( @ shlm i! Fg6 4,2J2{.2_54, ed rh. v.tB
of
LsSDuir.mra s wcE hbdar.d iD labl.4.1.20, 1l. valB of K wft dmrs.d wir[
|n
i! renp@re fd
dd MB-swF (ded ar 308 K) sysl.m cxlibir.d
ih. slotrg ad.d!a&,rd5ort .i illaEri@ ar toE r.DFdnEs. n cEatj th.,r rh.
!&o!ptid dnnny of dy. d.cE@ wilh the ri& in r.Ep6or@ & ad&lptim is
bjghly
f.vdabl€ low teop4anss. For MB,AILP sysr.n valB of K *@ inc,.a!.d witn thc
Eqfarrc.cpr al 308K. Th. mtuLyd c.p&iri6 (vJ, fc MB_MC tul(l n/ts,swF
sysrc$i {@ !tl6.d wirt rte ri$ itr t
4s.rw .rc@r .1 3o8x fd swF, i4ridtja
iise
MB-MC
153
bish aftuity of dy. adldpti@ al hignd
rhe
val$
of
i.EFdnEs, whit. i!
v! s@ d..l!3g *ion* ir r.ry.ql@
I*
of ME-AILP sysEn
t321.
Frcudlld A&o{'lio! ImrheD
5Sn2
Ega
4.2.554.2.5? Ep&Mts the &lurdlicb ploti *hich w@ oblaiftd ar vdious
Ld!edws_ vds of K md ! *d @Dpu.d froo th. dop6 rxt inr4rpis ot llcn
F3p.cnw pb$ e list d in T.bl.4.l.2l. Th. @dl! K Glar€s rh. d.a@ of
,dsdptioav[ilctrFDvidalh.stioari@of j .6iryof tb.at$r?tid.th.vdBof I<
i|rl]qc wid th. ris i! tmps.r@ fc MB-MC ed MB.SWF syst @ q.luding al 3tE
K fd SWF sysrer Ii Ev€.ls th{ adsptid 6f6nity {o lbe eid atbdb€nB l@
in.rt&s wid thc nF i! r.r4@n& shdilg th.r .dsorFion is noc favq.blc al bignd
t oFEtl6. I! ce of MB.AILP sysEn v.lB of K dress ,itt ite rie in
Lrp.m@s indicarilg thar adidprioo t tlre fahEblc c lw€r t.oFines. wlriL
|}c \Er@ of ! dr'ru6 pirh rh. ri* iD EDpdlse ior MB-MC ed rllB-SWF s'{l!es
md ilm6s wi$ rbe r.n{@nr fq MB-AILP s$ten &d it dcviatcs ar 3(,EK.
55rL3 Dqbi.i! R.drrhL.rtul trort
d
Itr D-R plors ,w obt.irsl ar v&im 1!qEt!nr6 ec shom ir FiSu6 4.2.584.2,60.
V.la ol Xn dd I( *@ .at utaoed fioi tn. inc@pr .nd slopcs of $.n Bp€iivc
plois, Trblc4.1.22sh@r lt vatu.! of E, For MB-MC syst m, ir w6 d€.t!e wirb rb.
r.nFrarurc. While
fd
MB-SWF sysl.
!q
vd@s
w.e dccrced
wirh thc
i@r6c in
.3rb indrlg at 308L b (4 of MB_AU_P syird E valu6
w@ l'lcM6 wirl Bper ro ldpdorE.xepr !t 308K indicadlg e iF6e in dy.
sdpnd witb rb. rie i! GDp.raAE.
Eolqarw rld
5J.4,4
Tn
thcn
lherD.dyuolc PrnatFs
valu.s oi AH and AS
Epr*
*q.
c.Lulacd tion rh.
slA. dd
i
depr of
lh€ liDce
of r.Dpqlr@ O/D s shoM j! ftgB
4.2.614,2,63. Th. valu* of AC for .tl rhe sysrctu w.E esanvc lnows spotrErcous
b.D.vid. WliL rbe v.lE of AH l* eg.tirc i! ce of MB-MC alrt MB-AILP
.ri@ of ln
lb *ith th. EiPtejl
sysL4, shoying ihe cxolh.ni. .ar@ of {djorptior p@ss, In
@
of MB_SWF
vds
The
p6itiE Epe*dioe cdothsDic bchdid of aderpd@
valEs of AS ws€ .bo politiv. fd all ih. adsdblle -ad:sb.nt sy8t ns.
5.6
PARI IV. DECOLORIZATION OT REACTIVE RED I95 DYE DY
sFcr!" lhe
USTNG MC,
ft.
tiLc
ot Alt w@
AILP AND SWF:
Etuval of RRt95 dy. by ldloQtion pr@6s *6 cdied oul. Ihe nluai mtcriar!
m.twillonir. cby (Mc). lz.dirE llr i.dic! L.B (AILP) ald sh.+ vml fib.6
aSwF) w€E scLrled
5.6.1
EE ct
oa
s 8bdbe
Amur
of MC,
s,
A[.P tud Sl4T A&odols
Oltirnd @u!rs of th. adsdbeft *@ inv*ti8aled Th. sults shoy.d rh"t
adsoption of RRl95 dy. m lb. turfe of MC, AILP ed SWF lw imas.d sit rhc
ad$rhdt @ut dd rc@n s d €quilibriun valE at 0.5 gf, (84 34]) for MC 0 6 sm
(92.6%) fq AILP arld 0.3 sD (81.8%) tq SWF, and tbn ad$Dlion wa ddFed wirh
th. inclt* in the mu1 ot a&orb.nB. TL p4414. emvd of RRl95 dve sa olso
ift@s.d vith ti. ier.rsing .lrutt oI ltlso @G, hoe.E tbc 6rio ol dte dsdb.d
d lhc adlqb.nt (KD) q@ de@$€d with ih. i|msing Moun of adsorh.ns The
dilributi@c@ffici.nt KD(fuVgD) valB.t lh. slddre @rnis td 50.6 46 3 ed
TE $dc e shom in TrbL 4,l.25 ald arg@s 42644j-66 'fn
nnth6 a&oQliod e4cti!@G weE tu u!.lEr th. spdive optiniz.d alrut or
?0.2 rcsp€riv.ly.
561 EEed olsb.E!8
tlm
fq l[e eooval of dy€ *s inv6liSst d st th. oPtinM albuls
of ldsdt nrl. Table 4.1.26 iltsE tB lh. ldsdpti@ of RRl95 dt€ ot MC, alt-P and
swf adstrbenis by varying lhe shrring lift pniod Mdim@ Enoval of dv' wd
obni..d d AILP ai 30 diDlct .b@t gOJ* Tb. v.t@ ol & l@ .l$ itl:t€a6 vitn
In. i@e h titr, Plr RR195-MC ard RRI95-SWF sv .n the Bqim@ a&dption
Eff.cr of sn.Iing tidE
of dye w* obsvcd at 20 dinur.s !b@1 862% dd 35 bint* a!@r ?85 s;
BF.tirely. Ov.r oI, thc adsdpti@ p|rls shsing r@dm b'havid f6 RR195-SWF
155
s'$on.
ft.
val@, of
rs al$
follow th.
s@ panm,
RXI95-AILP syst
tu th. ad$ptio wq ilrcllls riib
&crrs.d. Rgulll
c
5.63 EE rt of
bilirl
In cqc of RRI95-MC &d
thc
ilre
iD
li@ 6d
rhcn
aboM in figs 4,2J74,2,69.
Coltqintio
of
lt.
wft vei.!
in odq ro d€tedin. tne
Ninu ltl@ol by L.pile tle opiiD@ .m!m aid shllils tiE or ads!.ft_ For
AILP sysco, rbc adldpri@ *3 iEElEd wirh rh. i'{l!e ir @tmturid of RRl95
dy! rhd n doFd ard .g!in imEdcd. nG Nind adsdpti@ (q).8 *) wd obF.d
at 3.0:lor noldnJ.onenhadd. nE vale! of (o vm shoriq mdm b.havitr
coDmtrarioN of RRl95 dl€ solurioD
sylLb. Fd MC ed SWF, d. .ds!pli@ ws itEllls wil! th. nEIte
oEotdio of dy. tb.r ir ss &crrg wirh th. i|l.|!* i! @I6n don. Fq
thrcoghour the
i!
-"'r-"- adiorprio wc obw.d al LOx loi nolioi s 83.8
th. nsinu adsqption @@d ar 3,0x10 I not.dni .bNr 80.5
RRI95-MC sysc6 dE
%. For RRI95-SWF
%.
Th. Bulls
5,6.4
e
A.boqom
5.6I.1
L.ngn
r@&iz.d in'l&b
4,1,27
^dfiEr$
4.2,704.2.12.
letEm:
. AdlorDdon rro&eru:
lh. ads?tior erpdi@ts l@ @oplbh.d !t difi@t r.DpqsnEs @gi!g toD
303 !o 3l8K a sl(M itr fu6 42.73, 4.2.?5. ft.n 6d$ e sull|Mizd h T.btc
4.1.2E. D6Me in l! vdB of l< rit rh. ris in r.q.ErG fd RR195-SWF sd
RRI95-AI-P (ex@pt al 303K)
orc€.riotr
prcdicB rhc strong rdlnbare-ddsb.
I Ev.rl! th.1 rhe adupdon dftuity of dy! de|s6
i! t op6dw s adsprioo h tiCy falqauc !t tow r.Eeqar6. For
at
wilb tb. d&
systld. It
low* r.hFalws,
RR|95-MC stsr.u hig!.sr
vrlE of K ws obraiEd at 3O8K Th.
(VJ, for RR195-SW! dd
RR195 AILP syst
s, ilm&s
@Ly(
with rh€
rie
in
cq&ity
t Dp.r.t@
fd
AILP sysleD, ildic.ring bie! amnity ot d!€ adsdlriotr sl higher
l!npc6$M. Wlilc i! o& of RRI95-MC lysreo tlc valB of V. lhow E dob
cx@pr at 303K
b.!.vi6 d diffedt r@Far@
(303-318K).
156
t61t
2
Frudcn A&o.!do! I&tLtu
Fiews
4.2,764.2.1E dQicr! lbe FFudtich ploB whicL
w4
oblained at
vsios
(
od n w ooput il t@ rh. slop6 &d io|e@tt3 of rhcn
Rl!.criE plol3 rtich 4 lbrd in TabL 4.t.29. Thc ccr&r K Etar.s ro the &gE. ot
a&dptjor whiL n previdd rlE dtimrid of intensity oa rlF ldlorptid. fte vatB of K
v@ imarl wil! th. rie in re4.trre f6 RRl95,Mc (cEpr c 303K), RRl95AILP dd RRl9s-SwFsyst @. It erds thlr ldqplio afnity fm rh. GFcrirc
idsorb.nb N@ itmes wit! lhe ris. itr &tDqatw sho*in8 tiar .dsorption is moe
flvc.ble ar highd r.opdalG. wliL th! wlB of n w@ d.srsd wim rhc ris jn
rDpeErw fq au syst 4.
i.EI.t"rG. vdB
5.6.41
of
rhbbln R.dabL€vkl &ot[.m
*@ ob..i..d !r vdiG rcdFrarEs G 3hou i! Eg|B_4.2.794.2.31.
Vales ol X. Bnd K e@ c.tculacd ftsn rh€ i eeF &d slops oi $eir $petive
plol5. Iable 4. L30 shows th. valB of El For RX195-AILP &d RRI95-SWF sr6r.N.
ir
sG ddEq wil[ dE rie i. tmpnjw. Fd RRI95-MC sr5r.D, E valE, lft
it:ll@6 with th. i@ing i! Lbpcra!&, .x@pt .t 308 K tenFrduc, itutioting d
il|fue h dyc 6dFim wirh rh. ilxlte in leDpetlrr,
Th. D-R plot!
!,6'5
lt
inotlyDr
cPiru.rh
valB of AII &d AS wft cdcubt d ftoo th. stope !d ilrcEpr of th. lires
@irim of ln KD rirh rh. Eiped of t qalra (l/T) @ shNo in 6elG 4.?.E2
4.2.84. rh. v.lrcs of AG fd RRI95-MC, RRI95,AILP &d RR195-SWF 6ysLd *.rc
rc8atiE !t diffMr reDlqarrs lbowing tbal ad&rprion pr@ss is sponrd@, Th.
v.lG of dH re EglriE fd RRI95-MC, RRt9tAILp rad RRI9s.S.W! systtu
Thc
sho{ing th€ cxod@ic narw of ad$plion
dl
tt
adldbar. -adscbot
pres. ftc rolEs
of AS
e6 pciliE fd
!yri€6.
t57
5.7 PART Y. DECOI,ORJZ{TION OF MATEIT,NE
ALU4 MALACHITE
GREF4 FAST CRAEN AND REACIIIT RED T95 DYES BY USING
MIXSD BED B,ESIN
efici.ey
id crcie!. rcsin fd rh. rcmval of MB, MG.FC
ed RRl95 dys havc be! in€sriglr.d udd rbe opriEizcd cordiritu. traly ioiliat
dyB co@tmrio., .ou.t r!!. ed @ut of Bin.
Th. Eooval
'tl
of aixed bcd
Opdnir.don of r6h Doe€.
@vd of M8, MG. FG .!d RRt95 6 a tumd@ of d6a8c by
oird b.d mir Th! ain @ut w$ vei.d fron 0,1e io 1,2 go dd eqrilibrd.d fd
Fi8@ 4.2.85 sho*s th.
@ hN. rh. BUI! 3hokd lnr ni*d b.d 6itr ha rioils b.bavid wirb E!.rd5 ro
ltr EEovd of MB, MG. FC but it snd difl.Enl pen fd RI{95 d}€.Ir gcG.l, llc
mul of rclin ilme! tlF !!mv.l .ffEi.lcy of alt lhe d'lr. I! 6!lts show.d tno1
L0 tm nixed t d 6in d6age hry€ sinihr p.rfm"@ fd thc adsoQtim of MG, MB
a 98.0 96 16 MB, 95.0 % fd MC &d 84.0 96 .d&rFi@ fd FC dy., Bu 40 96
.llqpti@ of RRl95 d)E wa ohdnd @ rb. 3uf& of 0.I I nix.d b.d cja .lbwing
ard FG
lo* arE&ti@ berw@ ad!od.!r ed qhorbrl! i! I hd bur ir giv6 bsr Esutt up !o 24
hoN sray titr p.riod. A3 cxp€.Id. ih.i rh. .quilibriu concoFarim *@ d.cl.se!
*ith th. italte in .dsod.rt dGsg. beae i@ing ldsdnst alrur povid.s
SolE adeDdd sit6 fu lhc ads6pti@ of dy. mLolas, Itre nri!6 d3dprid
dpailMr wcFm
5.7,2
by
r..pi!8 tte opridi4d ,]|)INl of a<born .c.
Optlnldtlo. ol Conbd rim.
Efrer of 6Drrc
dc fd r[. E@vd oa dF
ws iNBdgald by reepilg rh. opri@
@o!r of nir.d bcd Bitr TabL a.l.32 iltsftrcs th. lrtupti@ of MB, MC ed !c
dd RR195 dy6 on bncd b.d Bb by v{yirg rh. co !.r tim p.riod Dag.s ton t5 120 nir MdilrM &mvd of ME dy. *s obtaiftd !r l2O milut s atour 984 *hne
MG &d FG giv6 954 .!tl 84% rcmvd spetiEly. ft { lls be sa d.r s .@r-:l
tir ielas it
Emv.l .ffri.rcy
of
rt
dy.,
l@ d$ i|rotes.
For RRI95-MBR
153
systeo about 88.0 % @novd of dye
ws obqrd in 24 hous. OEr a!, ge
p@ss
dy$ sysr.m
r.
show
s5& behavid fq
Allorpdd
th. rctuval
other
s
sho*n in iig@s 4.2.86.
b.rt rDr
of MB. MC, FG, RRl95 dFs on
bn
d b€a
qpEsed i! t .@ of ad6dpri@ isrh.m,
5.t3.l I
-!gi
adsorDlon
,.s! cd
b. msth.@licrlv
rA.t orDaid&orhcm
a&.e.id e4qil@l3 re e.dptisi.d ar 3O3K EoForN rd .u th.
dy€s
stsrd a dbu il liec 4,2,89, 4,2.90. TItn Gd|l e 3ullrlMal u Tlblc
4. L33.
'n@w8 d.c@ i!r[. vat6 of( jn !h.
Fq@Eap@ dlsrc>RRIgj>MG
TIE
> MD wnich
Plldi.|l th. stroog !d&rb{.-sdsort or iDtq.droa oi FG.MBR sysc@ Th.
vdu4 ot eonolaJe .rp@n, ffJ iD@s.<t fq ft drs
MB > RRl95 > Mc > re .r
@h reep.rre, iod.ati!8 rhc highd lffriri6 o, dyq !dqpri6.
5.7J.2
FEudtid Ade.!{on
ldt m
Fige6 4.2.91. 4.2,92 dcpi.r ihe Reundlich athdpri@
isthab, whjch *erc ohaiad d
vdiN r.ol€ranrB. Tlblc 4.rj4 shows thc v.lB ot K !4t L Tle
@Br! , prcvides
ue eslituli@ of irteoiq/ of t!. adsqpnon shile
X rcl.cs @ o! d.!E or adultion.
The inllse in dE valres of K eith
rhe rise in r.nFrdu. rq RRI95-MC (qepr
at
303K), RRI95-AILP &d RRI95-SWF sy!0eb!,
sho*s that aoso.plon 0end.rcy is n@
favqrbL .l hign6 r.nFBiftE, Whih lh. valB
lcop.rar@ for alt
5.7.3.4
rh€
sysr.tu. shoping
t
i
oecM4 *ltn th.
&@& ir bidrs capdqes,
of
dsc in
DR A&orpdon I!.AeE!
The D R plols
f6
MB. RRI95, FO .tut MG d,!6 wnn
@n reopeetuE @ s[ou
in Figs.4,2.93, 4.2,94.
on
d b€d
vdB ofx!
Bh
w@ obrain d or
atd K w@ catdl'led
tDn dE inr.Gpr &d 3lop6 of rh. cF.rirc ptorr. T.bt.
4, r.35 ,hos lh. val@s of q
4d K. Fo. dl !h. srsr.os E, y6 d@!*d wbict wd Ep@nlql
s MB>
RRI9>MG>FG, Ile vctB of X! fd
alt systeD, ed (r@s€.t s FG> RRt95>
MG>MB.
I59
CONCLUSION
ln th. pFFnt !rdy,
cspei.lly sith
tt Ftuvd of eidic, b6ic ud E&1iv. dys w@ 6i.d
Ef.me b
our
sMy provca ud wst walcr rroo
1el1il€ induily c@ds hadlul eff4r d livil8
lhe waLr poUulion. The
irdBlti6 pericddly fbn
bodiq. I is l@$ey lo nal d't .m@ls pnq io di*he8e rhen into
oq{tr ad
s!!@. Th. ubeal.! wsre @ar.s sveral Probt tu b aquti. liva and hulr6 ltd i6
veious
rDEar fo.
.nvilolwnt
md ao svsr.o,
ne 3!!t gis *4 d.Etop.d to r.d@ tb. Lvcls of @ld b ur. ditr.d polularr.. For
u's l!&r @liNos .ffod. ,@ qi.d or in rb. wdld io
r.d@ rb. .trcr of rbce
porrurdts. Ix. cfidr *ft d@. i. . D]&e
lbal adooi.lly ir gd viabL {.t mt 6
qda buxt ! on rh. c.@Ey of t!. (e[y.
Fo. rhn purpe saqldon dd i@
.r@8.
rcdliqq w@.dopLrd tq Ih. ltfuv.l of dyes &oD dF
wdte*.16. ft. nl|ud ard nodi6.d at!6dD.rrj }@
elcct d fd tbc
cnrcD.togephic
@laining
amval of
dycs
ed @l@rs i4luding mn|odil@ite c|.y. szsdjruhra jrdjq ed
sh..p w@t fib.s ald Eired b€d
si!
6
dctdgjng olr.dals. A! €frot wrs do.e io
en!fte tc aGoryrion cap&iry ot b@l@riltoliF by epa8lolion
cchni{E od
c@ug w mdifi€d sun@. It. nod,fred sude sho!!
b€fts Emovat i.!!i€!c,
cobP.red b hw bort4oriu@it clay,
It @ odiltdic
iotr
clay (MC) w6
rDdif.d vill pt6pn,lc !trd LDHS ai u&d fd llc
!&d s.dsdt ,! fd r[. tlmval of aabcbiie
t\
Etuvd of dFs. wXilc MC *6
f6t g!e!. De&ytce btE a.d rq.riE r.d
8E
.dsd!,rior .ap4ity w.a
bd
Emql @ 50 x loi M of oat .i!c ala (Mo) d!€. ftr F.{
G|a dt! (Fai) alout 95.@ % EDvd of dy. es o6r.iq d
coearari@ 6.3 x tO.
of dJ€ whcE s fd M.thtkEc blE aldd
96.90 % l!@vrt es obrri!.d !t 6.? x
reddcd lboor
t95 .t)6. TtE
9?_70 %
cd@trdioa of dlE. Fd A!&dv.
@nr.ador of L0 x loi M of d'€.
rd
tO. M
t95
lbar
86.68 %
&tuv.I
vs
ohdEd
at
ldot n6 iactudio! pho6phar,! nodifi€d D@rmilonic clly urt LDHS
Eormi oic ch, s@ sp.cL6c fd Lh. Fooval or quonic ard 4@dc dE3
T!. oodifi.d
dodrficd
MF.riv.ly.
By
si.s MCr!d.! rdsdb.
rh.
(mv.t
of
ndactn gktr
dye (MGr
160
lbdt 97,80 % ar 5.0 r 10. M derr"arion of dyE s[6 s in ce of
MC-6 witn 6per 10 lsr gtu dtr lbod E5.$ * Eeval w6 ot6.ncd .r I O x lO.
w6 obw€d
flmN ire in $! Alia It hs edici!.I prcpdtia bu1 in
anlfu s.ell i13 leavd wft f.Is aod ceat a problen They enpto]€d fd sycli!8
.frl puincdio of olofurs. Th. t.!res w@ 6lct d tron m md ues
lear.d a1
UniBity eca. Aft6 res{y tElrnents tb.y .d b. rdlizd s adsorb..t.
By balch
The Azadb@hla Indic. is 6
ldioDtion .xldi@IlIs .bout 96.60 EE@al ot nata.hilc
8ja (MG) dr! wa
obhin d !r @EnFstiotr 3,0 x lG4 M, for
fa$ gtli dy. (FG) dye ab@r
.ds.rprioo w3
obEir.d.l.(@lt!rid of 1,8 x I04 M. tihile 95.20 *
@oyL4 bl4 (MB) w6 otrailcd
dte aloot 9r.50%
I!€ lhep
at
@@r!ri@
Fmval wc obt jtEd
w@l fibd (SWD
ftfiyld. blE
es de
ar 3,0
used
6,?
93.90 %
Emovst
x t(!6 M. Rd c&rivc rd
of
195
x tG5 M.
s
.arud edub.ot ftr lle rcooval oi
ard &a.dve Fd 195 dy.!, t !hoe.{t lbNr 83.20%
ahoval for
mtnyL.c blE dyc (MB) al @nqlrrri@ 9.2 x lO.
M wiit€ ftr r&dve Gd 195 dn
rRRl95) .bqrol,rJEfvat,4ob@edd 80,
t06Mof dye.
Bh (MBR) ws stso .ppli.d for r!. Fmval ol dr€ by io! dchage
do<L
For tc 6ry&{iv. |!!bd of drB
by.dsplid ald i@ dcha& ch&@bglptric
tsnod ed .ffel of cdt&t ti4 @ rb. Ftuvrl
of drs ss Dcri8lrld udd rh.
opiiriad l@out of oixed bcd Bi!. MqiblD
Etuvd or MB dy€ *6 obi.in d at 120
Mircd hed
oidut
vB
vhL
95 and 84 % E@ral Bpectiv.ly. X o
als b€ 3d lhar $ th. slay tirne jncfu rctuval
.ficjcncy of ibe dy* v*
3
indees
9E%
MG
ed
FO giv6
dbour 88.0 % rcmoval of dyc
ole
w6 obsv.d in 24 hob. over atl rhe atts@tio
p@6s w4 3howing sa@ b.naviq
fd aI rhe dye 3y!t n t tu D. Bur4rcd riar nixed
bcd io e\charge rc6o i5 uctul for lle
Eroval of att l'!€s or dycs includjlg eidic,
Ibe !4iorpli@ iso{h@ €{u.'tiG, r sgppn, Rlundtid
&d DlbjliGR drlhr.viich
{D'R) w@ at& eoptotd lo fi!.t f.sibiXry
of .dsprid pt@$. ft v6 @tud.d
lJrlt x,rGlioD is flvdcble c aI |.bpfanr
tu8iB ed aLo sDovjrs It@ doDiudnr
t6l
qul|!.In @@uEy lilc P.tilt !
wh@
!*Fse r.dP.r.rr i! lulllE
h 40-45 oC by
lt6. @Uods *at waL. d h. puiry, n i! c@oicd d<l f.sibt @Oo{L
I1 vs de rcv.al.d tlat adloQd@ d loqd l.l|pe.tes wd phylisqption in wnicn
D'rLihyd or srbdbrle w@ fdrd @ !d!orb@r lurfE whilc ar hithd r.rpalluB
chloisplid w6 oh&rvld rd |mhF of ..ldt r! w6 fq@d ar rh. sufe of
gplying
TIE
tlanodrneic srdy
p|@$.
pLys
e ioF.i.!r
erctlmic
rcL !o
damiE
rbc
fGihitiry of rh.
soE w@ @(iott mic also
h adothmic srsleos tn .@rDt of n !t F4uirEd io pFed. rb. ryst r w6 vdy lw
ald agligiblc a n @ o!q@@ by niCt r.qeinG i! hor &arba of I[c l]Mry.
I!,16t of
th. sysrc@ !h@
heblvior but
sMi.! il wa i.rerydlt d that ldMptio pr@ss is m@ favd.bL ed
..@oicd aay fd tt Emvd of dtrs &d @ldrd.r by uilr lov 6r .!d rsrc
.rt!6i.1, Iley w@ Eyclc<l ed @ly fc th. @vd of qat nrni?6@ i! ale
dvirctut lly ftiodly c6od.
Bon t[e
above
Inpo rrcc ol R€se.rd Wo*:
ml vnual ch&.ltrirric of irdurrid a.rivirio dd u!.d in .irndr rI
induti* i! li. mld sEh s p4d |@ulduir& dyitrg cldti, l.arbq ftrrbdr
Coltu is
tbe
p[m@uticd .!c, Ite nESd.r.d di&bagc of dDn.fAMls i! e96 @d
stsls @.14 ufovd.bh conditid to N dvitr)tn@r. ndts .!d rhen
pdorsFlb6is p|@s spei.llt afr€d.d by tbb uldaii.bL cfilql' Maly of rb. dtet
haE $om he.rdos proFnj.s md N tonc in lrtw dE to r!. pwe of eo*i.
sEEte wlich hare ligld loricity.!d M,biod.E dibiliy. ft.y .ffet @ rhc BOD
a!.1 COD vdq @d @rdnt ih. b&!ds fa rh. @ic tif., A FEgr r.
daolorizlrion Brxl moval of dtrs by .d6dptiotr dxl ion achrgc chrcMlo8r.phic
El{bod5 poves to be liglmc{t *ay ro tr.lre th. rly. @!&!r. Tt i@dt!@ ed
Finting,
@pliclrid of tud
flvi@t
l
!oi!t
of dFs i3
ruy sigdifi.at eirh qper
ro
o.dicind. indsEi.l
ud
of vi€*,
162