FRESH WATER
SALT WATER
Water is critical for sustainable development,
including environmental integrity and the
alleviation of poverty and hunger, and is
indispensable for human health and well-being.
United Nations
Introduction
The University of Wollongong (UOW) is a world class research and teaching institution that provides
real world solutions to real world challenges.
UOW has strong ties with business, industry, community organisations, not for profit organisations
and government agencies through our commercial research activities, applied through our research
strengths in engineering, commerce, informatics, law, and science.
We understand that the challenges faced by most organisations, communities and nations are
complex in nature, and that solutions require input from different disciplines. We are therefore
strongly committed to multidisciplinary research and many of our Research Groups are specifically
committed to collaboration across disciplines. Furthermore, our Global Challenges initiative is
designed to encourage and develop creative and community-engaged research that will help drive
social, economic and cultural change in our region, and be translatable across the globe.
Water is integral to life and industry.
Land based water resources are under sustained and increasing pressure through rising populations,
industrial development (including mining), and climate change. There are heightening concerns about
water security and river health. This is especially evident in Australia, the driest inhabited continent
on earth and one of the world’s largest per capita consumers of water.
At the same time, seemingly increasingly destructive floods in Australia and around the globe also
emphasise the need to more effectively manage water resources and systems.
The oceans dominate the world spatially, covering 72% the surface of the globe. These extensive
maritime spaces and their associated coastal zones are critically important to sustaining life on Earth
- it has been estimated that 61% of global gross GNP is sourced from the oceans and coastal areas
within 100km of the sea. Yet they too are increasingly under threat.
As the world’s biggest island, coastal and marine issues have particular resonance for Australia.
UOW researchers have cutting edge knowledge in and are conducting research in a range of water
related issues and disciplines. UOW is also a real life example of what can be achieved through a
focus on using the right technology and changing behaviour. UOW is the first university in Australia
to implement a Water Savings Action Plan which has brought about massive reductions in water
consumption whilst maintaining the overall amenity and appeal of the campus.
We have developed this document to demonstrate some ways in which UOW is working and can work
with organisations and communities to better manage our precious water resources, whether it be
fresh or salt.
Judy Raper
Deputy Vice Chancellor, Research
04 UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG, INNOVATION & COMMERCIAL RESEARCH
Elizabeth Eastland
Director, Innovation & Commercial Research
FRESH WATER SALT WATER 05
Specialisations in Water Research
LAND-BASED WATERXX
ENVIROMENTAL AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
XX
DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT
XX
RE-USE AND RECYCLING
XX
SUSTAINABLE WATER USE IN BUILDINGS
XX
FLOOD MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION
XX
OCEANS AND COASTSXX
06 UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG, INNOVATION & COMMERCIAL RESEARCH
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS
XX
OCEAN LAW & POLICY
XX
ENERGY GENERATION
XX
FRESH WATER SALT WATER 07
LAND-BASED
WATER
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FRESH WATER SALT WATER 09
Environmental and Resource Management
Water systems are highly complex. They incorporate natural water courses, man made
infrastructure and a range of intermediate and end users. In Australia, there are many
organisations responsible for managing these systems, which greatly increase the
challenge of managing these systems in an efficient and effective way.
This requires an understanding of how to foster interaction and collaboration between
these different elements and organisations, as well as an understanding of how people
use water in their everyday lives.
10 UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG, INNOVATION & COMMERCIAL RESEARCH
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Professor Graham Harris
Dr Leah Gibbs
Research Group: SMART Infrastructure Facility
Expertise
Research group: Australian Centre for Cultural Environmental
Research
Cultures of water: values and everyday practice
Water governance
Interdisciplinary research methods
Environmental management
Systems ecology eco-innovation
Water resources and environmental flows
Agriculture and catchment management science/policy and
commercial interfaces
Industry Application
Professor Harris specialises in understanding and managing the complex interactions
between the environment and society, with a particular focus on water and natural
resource management.
Expertise
Industry application
Leah’s work is fundamentally concerned with how people interact with and govern
nature. Her research focuses on two key areas of fresh and saltwater:
Professor Harris was Chief of CSIRO Land and Water and established the CSIRO
Flagships program. He is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences
and Engineering (ATSE) and member of the ATSE Water Forum committee.
Cultures of water, including values associated with water and everyday water
practices.
Water governance, focusing on who and what is included and excluded in governance
processes and institutions, and the social, cultural and environmental implications of
decisions.
Through his senior management roles in the CSIRO and the UK, he has extensive
experience in business development, eco-innovation, liaison with Catchment Management
Authorities, Government Departments, as well as the interface of science and policy.
Understanding interactions with water and ‘water places’ – such as rivers, lakes, and the
near-shore ocean – is particularly urgent in the context of climate change and growing
uncertainty.
Leah has experience working as part of interdisciplinary groups, including projects with
physical scientists and arts practitioners. She lends a qualitative research perspective to
questions of people and water.
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Data Analysis and Management
The effective use of vast and diverse amounts of data underpin the effective
management of water resources and infrastructure.
UOW is renowned for its research strength in information sciences. UOW has high-level
expertise in data management and interpretation, including its application to major
infrastructure.
Our SMART Infrastructure Facility is a leader in ‘integrated’ infrastructure planning
and management. Also, the Decision Systems Lab within the Faculty of Engineering
and Information Sciences conducts applied and theoretic research in Business Process
Management, Agent-Oriented Systems, Constraint Programming, Enterprise Modelling,
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, and Requirements Engineering.
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Professor Pascal Perez
Professor Aditya Ghose
Research Group: SMART Infrastructure Facility
Research Group: Director, Decision Systems Lab.
Expertise
Expertise
Participatory decision support tools for Government, Industry
and Communities
Agent based modelling technology
Urban Liveability
Services engineering, including service optimization, service
lifecycle management and compliance issues
Requirements engineering
Model management systems
Agent-oriented conceptual modelling
Agent-based systems
Business process management
Rapid Model Discovery
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Constraint programming
Professor Perez has also received an Australian Research Council
(ARC)-International Linkage Fellowship to work on groundwater management.
Industry Application
The SMART infrastructure Facility, of which Professor Perez is a senior member, designs,
models and simulates the complex interdependencies of infrastructure networks. The
Facility’s simulation centre enables the visualisation of a network, the application of
what-if scenarios and identification of potential social and physical impacts of any
proposal.
Professor Perez is a world leader in participatory modelling of complex systems.
He led the development of a SMART Infrastructure Dashboard which provides a state-ofthe-art solution to analyse and visualise infrastructure networks and services at regional
and local scales, alongside socio-demographic, climate and economic information.
Industry Application
The Decision Systems Lab is interested in two critical technological underpinnings of
Smart Water Grids and similar systems:
Distributed coordination and optimization: Any large-scale water network will consist
of autonomous components including systems that manage dams, reservoirs,
waterways, fisheries, freshwater catchment systems, etc. Distributed coordination
technologies are necessary for ensuring that these autonomous components are able
to inter-operate in real-time.
Sensor data management and predictive models: The operation of a smart water
grid must necessarily rely on a large and complex sensor network. Data obtained
from such networks would determine the predictive models necessary for distributed
coordination and optimization. Big data technologies can help generate deep
actionable insights into the physical characteristics of the water network based on
large volumes of sensor data collected over a period of time.
Professor Ghose and his team have worked with a range of industry partners including
IBM, Bluescope Steel, CSC and Pillar Administration.
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Professor Jiangtao Xi,
Doctor Montse Ros and
Doctor Raad Raad
Research Group: School of Electrical, Computer and
Telecommunications Engineering
Expertise
Wireless Sensor (Actor) Networks
Wireless mesh networks
Embedded Systems
Sensor Systems Microcontrollers
Industry Application
UOW’S research in sensor networks is readily adaptable to the
monitoring of water flows and quality, and transmission and
analysis of data to and within different jurisdictions.
UOW has expertise in both the development of networks to gather
data and algorithms to enable the synthesis and analysis of that
data.
The research group has a history of close collaboration with
industry, including large corporates such as Motorola. While at
Motorola, Raad Raad developed sensor networks for irrigation
management on behalf of Rubicon Water.
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Re-use and Recycling
Water and wastewater treatment is increasingly important for various reasons, including:
The need for adequate water supply during periods of drought and in the context of
population growth and competing uses.
Maintenance of public health.
Used water can contain resources which can be extracted and used for other applications.
UOW researchers are playing a leading role in working with industry to develop more
efficient and effective methods for treating water and wastewater to enable its reuse.
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Associate Professor Long Nghiem
Professor Will Price
Research Group: Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory,
School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering
Research Group: Australian Institute of Innovative Materials
Expertise
Removal of trace contaminants by NF/RO membranes
Non-potable and Indirect potable water reuse
Membrane bioreactors
Membrane extraction
Membrane filtration
Mineral processing
Treatment of mining impacted wastewater
Energy generation from water
Expertise
Analysis of trace pollutants in environmental and waste water
Industry Application
Professor Price brings his expertise in physical chemistry to the
development of processes for the production of clean water from
compromised sources.
Associate Professor Long Nghiem and Professor Price form a strong multidisciplinary
team which has worked with a number of companies in the water industry interested in
improved treatment processes and outcomes, including Sydney Water and Trility.
Associate Professor Nghiem collaborates with the Sustainable Buildings Research
Centre on water systems, solar water treatment and green roofs.
Industry Application
Associate Professor Long Nghiem develops advanced treatment technologies for the
production of clean water from compromised sources. These include processes such
as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, membrane distillation, membrane bioreactor,
activated carbon adsorption, ozonation, and UV oxidation. He has equipment capable of
quantifying and evaluating the removal of toxic chemicals from water.
He is also interested in exploring the generation of energy from water.
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Associate Professor
Muttucumaru Sivakumar
Doctor John Bradd
Research Group: School of Civil, Mining and Environmental
Engineering
Expertise
Expertise
Environmentally sustainable water treatment technologies
Greywater recycling and reuse
Carbon and water footprinting
Contaminant transport modelling
Industry Application
Associate Professor Sivakumar is developing a treatment technology which has the
potential to treat any type of salty and other contaminated water to drinking water
quality. The process is environment friendly, will utilize solar power for heating and other
pumping needs, mimic the nature and uses no chemicals except for membrane cleaning.
Potentially this can be used to treat mine water, groundwater, seawater etc.
Research Group: GeoQuEST Research Centre
Hydrogeological assessment and site characterisation
Environmental impacts of coal seam gas extraction
Fracture rock hydrogeology and groundwater flow
modelling in fracture rock systems
Use of isotopes to identify groundwater flow processes
and analyse hydrological systems
Groundwater resource assessment and aquifer
pumping test analysis
Numerical groundwater modelling
Contaminated site assessments
Dryland salinity processes
Catchment hydrological balance studies
Hydrogeochemical modelling and groundwater quality
studies
Industry Application
Dr Bradd’s work in hydrogeological assessments and groundwater numerical modelling
has applications associated with:
a) the mining industry associated with groundwater dewatering and flow to mines,
b) construction and property developers where requirements are necessary for
contaminated site characterisation and remediation,
c) the coal seam gas industry where assessments of environmental impacts are
required for extraction proposals, and
d) developing government policies associated with groundwater interactions with the
natural environment and human needs, impacts and resource management.
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Sustainable water use in buildings
Buildings have major economic, environmental and social impacts on our community
and the planet. Buildings are major users of water and reducing water consumption
in buildings and improving water efficiency is a major aspect of creating sustainable
buildings and communities.
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Professor Paul Cooper and others
Research Group: Sustainable Buildings Research Centre
The Sustainable Buildings Research Centre (SBRC) is a
multidisciplinary facility, hosting a wide range of research and
industry collaborations to address the challenges of making
buildings sustainable. A major focus of the SBRC is the retrofitting
of existing buildings, since replacement of existing building stock
occurs at between only one to two percent per year.
The SBRC facility itself is a ‘living laboratory’ which provides a demonstration space for
display and testing of sustainable building technologies and components that will be of
benefit to the building industry. Amongst other features, the building will harvest and
distribute water beyond its own needs. A grey water separation and natural treatment
system will enable export of grey water to nearby buildings.
Professor Paul Cooper, Director of SBRC, leads a core team of researchers with expertise
in building sustainability and collaborates with other researchers throughout UOW.
Water is one of the key research themes of the SBRC.
Expertise
Solar powered membrane distillation
Energy from waste water
Black and grey water treatment
Green roofs and living walls
Net zero water buildings
The facility also includes a water sustainability lab.
Industry Application
The research has widespread application in the retrofitting of residential, commercial and
industrial buildings.
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Flood management and mitigation
Floods are amongst the most costly of natural disasters in Australia and around the
world. They cause considerable destruction and disruption of lives, homes, businesses
and infrastructure.
There are two broad ways of reducing the damage caused by floods:
Flood prevention
Flood mitigation
Our expertise in data management, referred to earlier, can assist in better planning
for flood prevention, as well as managing floods once they are underway. In addition,
UOW researchers in the Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences have specialist
expertise and developed technologies for flood mitigation.
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Associate Professor Michael Boyd
Associate Professor Shu-Qing Yang
Research Group: School of Civil, Mining and Environmental
Engineering
Research Group: School of Civil, Mining and Environmental
Engineering
Expertise
Expertise
Engineering Hydrology: flood hydrology, water resources,
computer modelling of catchments
Civil Engineering Hydraulics: hydraulics of culverts, flood
detention basins and river hydraulics
Urban Stormwater Management: effects of urbanisation on flooding and water quality,
urban drainage system design, flood mitigation measures
Industry Application
Associate Professor Boyd is the developer of several computer programs:
DESrain - calculates design rainfall data for Australia
PMPrain - calculates probable maximum precipitation data for Australia
CULVERT_IC - calculates culvert hydraulics assuming inlet control
- also calculates critical depth and Mannings part-full inflow circular pipes
WBNM - a comprehensive runoff routing model for flood studies on natural and urban
catchments.
Sediment transport
Open channel turbulence
Coastal Engineering
Water resources engineering
Industry Application
Associate Professor Yang has developed two technologies relevant to clean water
protection and flood mitigation:
Coastal Reservoir to develop runoff lost to sea, which can pump freshwater from the
sea without desalination
Self filling water bags for flood barriers, which can replace the sand bags in
emergency.
Patents for these technologies have been granted in Singapore and China.
He has consulting experience in the physical modelling of river flows and coastal
engineering, eg sedimentation in the Three Gorge Dam in China, Singapore Strait,
headland breakwater and beach evolution.
Associate Professor Yang is keen to be involved in practical projects in hydraulic
engineering, water resources engineering, coastal engineering, environmental engineering
and sediment transport.
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OCEANS
AND COASTS
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Climate Change Impacts on Coastal Ecosystems
Over ninety per cent of water on earth is in oceans and oceans cover seventy per cent of
the earth’s surface. Half of the world’s population live on coasts. It follows that oceans
and any changes have a huge impact on communities and ecosystems in general,
particularly those in coastal areas. In recognition of this, ‘Sustaining Coastal and Marine
Zones’ has been adopted by the UOW’s Global Challenges Program as one of the key
challenges and transformations in the way we live. UOW researchers are playing a
leading role in working with communities and organisations to better manage coastal and
marine zones, in the face of challenges such as climate change.
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Professor Colin Woodroffe and
Doctor Kerrylee Rogers
Research Group: GeoQuEST Research Centre
The GeoQuEST Research Centre is an interdisciplinary team
with a focus on environmental and climate change research.
GeoQuEST concentrates on environmental, climate change and
sea-level change issues of vital importance in understanding
and managing coastal communities and infrastructure around
Australia and the surrounding oceans.
Professor Richard Kenchington,
Professor Clive Schofield and
Associate Professor Robin Warner
Research Group: Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources
and Security (ANCORS)
ANCORS is the leading multidisciplinary concentration of
academic, policy and professional expertise in ocean policy and
maritime security issues in the Southern Hemisphere.
Expertise
Expertise
Law and policy frameworks for ‘blue carbon’ methods of
climate change mitigation
Coastal zone management practices
Carbon sequestration in the oceans
Ocean energy generation.
Coastal processes, ecosystems and their services
Geographic information systems and remote sensing
Coastal response to climate change, and sea level change
Spatial modelling
Coastal and estuarine management
Coastal adaptation and resilience
Industry Application
Industry Application
GeoQuEST is involved in a number of projects associated with:
Coastal zone regeneration and planning
Ocean energy industry collaboration
assessing risk and adaptation to climate change on Australian coasts
translating science into practical applications for adapting to climate change,
population growth and other coastal measures
ANCORS is a lead participant in the CSIRO’s Coastal Collaboration
Cluster, managing the project’s Integration, Analysis and
Synthesis Theme.
Both Professor Woodroffe and Doctor Rogers have collaborated with natural resource
managers to deliver solutions focussed on sustaining coastal zones and estuaries.
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Ocean Law & Policy
As well as covering over 70 per cent of the Earth’s surface and containing most of its
water, oceans are a rich source of resources and economic activity. The vast majority of
the world’s international trade by volume occurs via the oceans (around 90% globally and
fully 99% for Australia).
Yet due to the transnational properties of the oceans, differing national and sectoral
interests, ocean jurisdiction and management is particularly difficult. Jurisdiction is
often disputed and the enforcement of good order at sea can be difficult. A sound
understanding of the law of the sea, processes and institutions for management of
ocean space is essential to ensure sustainable resource management and environmental
protection, enforcement of good order at sea and avoiding conflict.
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Professor Stuart Kaye,
Professor Martin Tsamenyi and
Professor Clive Schofield
Professor Stuart Kaye,
Professor Martin Tsamenyi and
Doctor Chris Rahman
Research Group: Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources
and Security (ANCORS)
Research Group: Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources
and Security (ANCORS)
Expertise
Expertise
Law of the sea
Maritime regulation and enforcement
Maritime boundary delimitation and technical aspects of the
law of the sea
Marine environmental protection and the law of the sea
Ocean policy and governance
Industry Application
Government
Enforcement agencies
Regional and international organizations
Marine resources industries
Maritime security law and policy
Maritime domain awareness
Maritime strategic developments in the Indo-Pacific region
Naval strategy and policy
Counter-piracy operations and policy frameworks
The ANCORS team are leaders in all aspects of maritime security
in the Indo-Pacific region, with particular expertise on the seas of
East Asia, the Southwest Pacific and the Indian Ocean. ANCORS
also has a growing expertise on maritime security in the Gulf of
Guinea. ANCORS has established the ANCORS Vessel Tracking
Initiative in collaboration with industry partners and government
to conduct operational and policy level research on the application
of vessel tracking technologies and techniques to enhance
maritime domain awareness.
Industry Application
Governments
Regional organizations
Navies and coast guards
Shipping and ports industries
Offshore oil and gas industry
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Professor Martin Tsamenyi,
Doctor Quentin Hanich and
Doctor Mary Ann Palma-Robles
Research Group: Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources
and Security (ANCORS)
Expertise
Fisheries and marine living resources management
Industry Application
ANCORS has a strong research and consulting background with
extensive project experience in fisheries governance, marine
conservation and fisheries development. They have worked
widely throughout the world. They are recognised as experts on
international fisheries governance and development.
The fisheries governance team have conducted research for a
range of organisations including:
Government departments and agencies
Regional fisheries management organizations
Fisheries NGOs
Monitoring, control and surveillance agencies and related
industry
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Energy Generation
Global demand for energy continues to escalate with little sign of a move away from
reliance on oil as a key source. Oceans are an increasingly vital source of energy
resources. Much of this is in the form of oil and gas but there is increasing interest in the
ocean as a source of renewable energy. UOW has a long and continuing involvement in
the development of wave energy.
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Doctor Brad Stappenbelt
Research Group: School of Mechanical, Materials and
Mechatronic Engineering
Expertise
Sustainable energy technology development in the field of
ocean power, in particular wave, tidal and marine current
energy conversion
Potable water generation (in combination with reverse osmosis
desalination plants)
Doctor Stappenbelt also collaborates with the SBRC on alternative energy systems in
buildings.
Industry Application
With infrastructure and equipment UOW has recently commissioned, the School of
Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering has the capability of collaboration
with several industries, including the offshore engineering, naval architecture, renewable
energy and maritime industries.
Doctor Stappenbelt is developing a novel hybrid wave and current energy extraction
device.
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At UOW, we believe in the power of connecting people,
ideas and places to change things for the better.
GLOBALLY
RANKED AS ONE
OF AUSTRALIA’S
BEST MODERN
UNIVERSITIES
22nd in the world – QS Top 50
Under 50 Rankings 2013/2014
43rd in the world – Times
Higher Education Top 100
Under 50 Rankings 2013
TOP 2% OF
UNIVERSITIES IN
THE WORLD
GLOBALLY RATED
A FIVE-STAR
UNIVERSITY
276th in the world – QS World
University Rankings 2013/2014
5 Star rating – QS World
University Rankings 2012/2013
305th in the world – Times
Higher Education World
University Rankings 2012/2013
1st in Australia for Educational
Experience and Graduate
Outcomes – Australian Good
Universities Guide 2013
352 in the world – Academic
Ranking of World Universities
(ARWU) 2013
nd
TOP 1% FOR
RESEARCH QUALITY
186th in the world for research
quality – 2013 Leiden Ranking
KEY STATS
RESEARCH IMPACT
Rated amongst the ‘Top 10’ research universities in Australia (ERA 2012)
$431M in research & commercialisation income
275:
60:
50:
4:
invention disclosures
successful patents
commercial licence agreements
new start-up companies
RESEARCH STRENGTHS
Australian Centre for Cultural Environmental Research (AUSCCER)
Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources & Security (ANCORS)
Centre for Archaeological Science (CAS)
Centre for Health Initiatives (CHI)
Centre for Medical & Molecular Bioscience (CMMB)
Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP)
Early Start Research Institute (ESRI)
Engineering Manufacturing (EM)
Engineering Materials Institute (EMI)
GeoQuEST Research Centre
National Institute for Applied Statistical Research Australia (NIASRA)
MAJOR RESEARCH FACILITIES
Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM)
Early Start
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI)
SMART Infrastructure Facility
Sustainable Buildings Research Centre (SBRC)
ECONOMIC
Economic Impact
Economic impact report shows that UOW-related expenditure generates more than
4,900 jobs annually
Over 2,000 staff in Australia
UOW contributes over $2B to the economy every year
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CONTACT:
Mr Bruce Thomson
Business Development Manager
brucet@uow.edu.au
T. 0409 513 906