Biology 242 – Lecture TEST #1 TOPIC REVIEW SHEET
Chapter 19: Blood
*RBC and WBC Terminology
*CBC (Normal values, including ranges and averages)
- Plasma constituents (water, proteins (which ones and examples; what % of @), nutrients, electrolytes, gases, wastes,
regulatory substances) Also, what is serum?
-RBC
-WBC
Know normal morphology and functions of each
-Platelets
*Blood Work Diagnostic Problem (similar to lab homework)
*Blood Types (A+, A-; B+, B-; AB+, AB-; O+, O-)
*Erythroblastosis fetalis (aka HDN)
*Hemostasis
-Vascular spasm
*Also, know what a thrombus/embolus is
-Platelet plug formation
*Know difference between “clotting” and “clumping”
-Coagulation (know the 3 sub-steps and vital co-factors)
↕
↕
(coagulation)
(agglutination)
Chapter 20: Heart
*All anatomical structures (remember: Six sets of four-items) (Also include chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, etc.)
*Blood flow through the heart
*Auscultation: Heart sounds = closure of valves (1st heart sound = AV valves closing; 2nd heart sound = SL valves closing)
*Sequence of EKG (3 main waves and what each denotes)
*Meaning of and significance of Systole/Diastole; also: BP, PP, and MAP (what they are and how to calculate!)
*Hemodynamics : Blood Flow (F), Blood Pressure (P), and (Systemic Vascular) Resistance (R); know Equation
and understand the principles; the relationships, and the alternate “expressions” for F, P, and R
*Intrinsic factors regulating Blood Pressure, Resistance, Stroke Volume (Preload, Contractility, After load)
*Be able to calculate CO (CO = SV x HR where SV = (EDV – ESV)
*CO(at rest) ≈ one’s total blood volume (≈5L)
*Cardiac Reserve = difference between a person’s maximum CO and CO(at rest). (Average CR is 4X or 5X. Top athletes may have a CR of 7X or even 8X (that is a CO = 40L/min!); persons with heart disease may have little or NO CR.)
*Review Starling’s Law of the Heart (Also, Bainbridge Reflex, aka: Right Atrial Reflex; and Marey’s Law of the Heart)
Chapter 21: Vessels
*There will be NO individual vessel names (except for first 5 Branches off of the aorta; Ascending, Arch of)
*Histology of blood vessels (5 classes of vessels) Know what tunics are most modified in each
*Precapillary sphincters, throughfare channels
*Vasa vasorum
*Arterial/venous ends of capillary beds and
*Net filtration pressure calculations
*Filtration (net movement of fluid OUT of the capillaries)
*Reabsorption (Net movement of fluid INTO the capillaries)
*Starling’s Law of the Capillaries (Know the 4 pressures: BHP, BCOP, IFHP, IFOP and the Equation for calculating )
Chapter 22: Lymphatic/Immune System
*Lymphatic Structures: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
*Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries → Vessels → 9 Trunks → 2 Ducts
*Lymphatic capillaries are MORE permeable than blood capillaries; be able to explain why
*Flow of lymph is ONE WAY: from peripheral to central
*Lymph fluid is a filtrate of blood and it ends up BACK IN THE BLOOD
Blood → Interstitial Fluid (IF) → Lymph → Blood
*It is cleansed (of infectious agents, toxins, cellular debris, etc.) along its course through the many sets of
lymph nodes and the spleen.
*Of the Immune considerations, know the 5 classes of Ig’s, % of each, and major function(s) of each