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199 200 Learning Goal 1 – I will be able to: -Define Holy Roman Empire -Define/Explain each of the 4 steps to German Unification -Identify and explain the historical importance of Otto von Bismarck VII. 19th Century Europe and Rise of Totalitarianism a. Germany i. In 1860s, Germany not yet a country – Holy Roman Empire, a confederation of German states 1. German people thought uniting would make them more powerful a. Italian states united into nation of Italy in 1870 ii. Confederation of the Rhine – created by Napoleon in 1806, 100 German states loosely joined together, but not a strong agreement that allowed them to trade or that joined them into a country iii. 1840s, created the Zollverein, an agreement that removed trade barriers between states 1. If one state has natural resources but no factories, and another has factories but no natural resources, they need to be able to trade freely in order to make the country powerful iv. Otto von Bismarck – Became Prime Minister of Prussia in 1862 (a European country that does not exist anymore) 1. Master plan to unite Germany, then have Prussia control it (Prussia now part of Germany) 2. Shrewd politician – fight wars, insult others! a. Ems Dispatch – An intercepted a telegram between France and Prussia, Bismarck changed the words to embarrass the French, then had it published in newspapers i. Caused France to declare war on Prussia = Franco-Prussian War 3. Fighting wars led to Germany adding land rich in natural resources – combined with factories to give Germany an industrial revolution, later than Britain’s and America’s v. German states unified to create “Germany” in 1871 1. Used its industrial revolution to create a powerful military – claimed it wanted to be powerful enough to keep France from being aggressive, but Bismarck’s actions and policies helped lead to WWI. 201 Learning Goal 1 – I will be able to: -Define Holy Roman Empire -Define/Explain each of the 4 steps to German Unification -Identify and explain the historical importance of Otto von Bismarck The Holy Roman Empire was __________ __________ __________ 202 203 Learning Goal 2 – I will be able to: -List and define the 4 MAIN causes of World War I -Summarize the “spark” that ignited the fighting -Explain how alliances led to a war between many countries b. Causes of WWI i. Militarism 1. Glorification of weapons 2. Countries throughout 1800s building new, powerful weapons 3. Tensions build because no one trusts anyone else as they are building militaries ii. Alliances 1. Coalitions or friendships between countries 2. Started by Bismarck to keep France isolated – Germany and France are enemies! 3. Many made in secret – when something is done in secret, people get suspicious! 4. Examples a. Three Emperor’s League = Germany, Austria, Russia b. Triple Alliance = Germany, Austria, Italy c. Reinsurance Treaty = Germany and Russia (made in secret!) d. Dual Alliance = France and Russia e. Triple Entente = England, France, Russia iii. Imperialism 1. Extending authority over others – usually done by one country over another that has natural resources 2. Africa a prime target, and Belgium, Italy, England, Portugal, France, Spain, and Germany all fighting for control over northern Africa (created tension and rivalry between all these countries, which are building their militaries, with new weapons, and making secret alliances, and don’t trust each other, and who have a history of war with each other) iv. Nationalism 1. Belief that people of the same culture should be part of same country. 2. Balkan States – peninsula in Europe with many different ethnic groups 3. Serbia wanted a country just for the Slavs, but they lived in several different countries a. Felt threatened by this, thinking they’d lose land and resources v. Spark that caused fighting 1. Assassination of Austrian Franz Ferdinand by Serbian Gavrilo Princip a. Austria wanted revenge, Germany gave them a “blank check” to do as they pleased b. Austria declared war on Serbia c. Russia declared war on Austria d. Germany declared war on Russia e. Germany declared war on France f. Germany declared war on Belgium g. France declared war on Germany h. Great Britain declared war on Germany i. WWI was on like Donkey Kong! 204 Learning Goal 2 – I will be able to: -List and define the 4 MAIN causes of World War I -Summarize the “spark” that ignited the fighting -Explain how alliances led to a war between many countries Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism The “spark” How Alliances led to a war between many countries… 205 206 Learning Goal 3 – I will be able to: -Define the two major alliances and identify major players in each -Summarize trench warfare and explain how it led to a lengthy conflict -Identify six new weapons of WWI and explain how they changed warfare c. World War I: 1914-1918 i. Central Powers = Austria, Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire ii. Allied Powers = Britain, France, Russia, Italy, USA, Albania, Portugal, Japan, China, Serbia, Belgium, Romania, Greece, Canada iii. Neutral Nations = Spain, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Netherlands, Switzerland iv. Trench Warfare – each side dug trenches with open space called “no man’s land” in between 1. Always trying to develop weapons and strategies to allow them to capture enemy trench 2. Trenches = horrible/disgusting places to live v. 2 Fronts – Eastern Front (trenches dug along German/Russian border) and Western Front (trenches dug along German/French border) A front is a location of battle vi. Battle of the Somme – 60,000 British casualties vii. New weapons – tank, machine gun, poison gas, plane, artillery, barbed wire viii. War of Attrition – long, drawn out conflict with neither side gaining upper hand 1. After 12 months of fighting, neither side gaining on the other, long war predicted ix. Christmas Truce of 1914 1. England & Germany 2. Soccer, exchange of gifts 207 Learning Goal 3 – I will be able to: -Define the two major alliances and identify major players in each -Summarize trench warfare and explain how it led to a lengthy conflict -Identify six new weapons of WWI and explain how they changed warfare Central Powers Allied Powers Define Explain how led to long conflict Trench Warfare Six new weapons Summarize how they changed warfare & how they related to “no man’s land.” 208 209 210 Learning Goal 4 – I will be able to: -Define neutrality -Explain why the US was neutral -Identify and explain the two events that brought the United States into WWI -Explain why Russia left the war and its impact on the fighting that continued -Identify the armistice and explain its relevance today d. Americans in World War I i. America neutral at first 1. Saw no need to send troops 2. Most Americans favored staying out of it 3. Didn’t send troops, but sent weapons and supplies to the Allies ii. 2 events brought the US into war 1. Sinking of the Lusitania a. British passenger liner sunk off coast of Ireland, 128 Americans killed 2. Zimmermann Note a. Proposal from Germany to Mexico b. Germany and Mexico ally themselves together, beat the US in war, Mexico gets back land lost in Mexican War from 1840s (American southwest) iii. Russia left the war in 1918 1. Socialist/Communist revolution in Russia (predicted by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in The Communist Manifesto) because Russia had an absolute monarch that did not pass laws to help workers like Britain did 2. Advantages/Disadvantages a. Allied Powers – got fresh troops from US on western front b. Central Powers – with Russia out of the war, could concentrate troops on western front iv. Armistice – 11/11/18, 11am v. End of the war 1. 9 million killed, 21 million wounded a. Dead i. Germany 1.73 million ii. Russia 1.7 million iii. France 1.385 million iv. America 116,000 211 Learning Goal 4 – I will be able to: -Define neutrality -Explain why the US was neutral -Identify and explain the two events that brought the United States into WWI -Explain why Russia left the war and its impact on the fighting that continued -Identify the armistice and explain its relevance today Neutrality An armistice is _________________________________________________________________________ and it was signed on ______________________________________. Today, we celebrate __________________ Day on the anniversary of the WWI Armistice. 212 213 Learning Goal 5 – I will be able to: -Identify and define 14 Points -Explain how the 14 Points addressed the 4 MAIN causes -Summarize examples of Germany being punished by the Big Four -Define Reparations and explain why they were issued -Define League of Nations and explain how it led to the defeat of the Treaty of Versailles in the US Senate e. The Peace Settlement i. US President Woodrow Wilson – 14 Points 1. Open alliances 2. Limits on military strength 3. Peaceful drawing of new country boundaries 4. European boundary lines around where ethnic groups lived 5. League of Nations to solve world problems peacefully ii. Big Four 1. France = Georges Clemenceau, Italy = Vittorio Orlando, Great Britain = David Lloyd George, America = Woodrow Wilson iii. Europe wanted to punish Germany 1. Germany given no representation at peace settlement 2. Reparations = Germany had to pay each country for their war bills a. $5 billion by 1932 b. No overseas colonies c. Had to sign a document admitting guilt for WWI d. Only allowed 100,000 men in their military 3. Treaty of Versailles signed June 28, 1919, 5 years to the day after assassination of Franz Ferdinand iv. Treaty of Versailles in America 1. Rejected because did not want to be part of a League of Nations, which would potentially drag them into future wars they had no interest in fighting 2. League of Nations created w/o the US, came up with the idea in the 1st place! v. European Boundaries before and after WWI 214 Learning Goal 5 – I will be able to: -Identify and define 14 Points -Explain how the 14 Points addressed the 4 MAIN causes -Summarize examples of Germany being punished by the Big Four -Define Reparations and explain why they were issued -Define League of Nations and explain how it led to the defeat of the Treaty of Versailles in the US Senate Reparations 14 Points League of Nations Treaty of Versailles 215 Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points Directions: 1. Read Wilson’s 14 Points (his 14 proposals for a lasting peace after WWI) 2. If there is a line next to the point, write the first letter of the MAIN cause or causes being addressed. I’ve told you after each how many letters you should have written down because some have more than one. 3. I did the first one for you. The proposal of no more secret agreements addresses the MAIN cause of Alliances. 4. IF THERE IS NO LINE NEXT TO THE POINT, YOU DO NOT NEED TO WRITE ANYTHING DOWN! Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points were first outlined in a speech Wilson gave to the American Congress in January 1918. Wilson's Fourteen Points became the basis for a peace agreement and it was on the back of the Fourteen Points that Germany and her allies agreed to an armistice in November 1918. A _________ 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2. Free navigation of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. _________ 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. (One cause addressed) 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up. 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. _________ 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine (One cause addressed) (**Alsace-Lorraine was a region rich in natural resources, which is why the Germans tried to wrestle control of it away from the French**) _________ 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along clearly recognizable lines of nationality." (Two causes addressed) _________ 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary. (Two causes addressed) (**Self-determination means that people get to decide for themselves how their country will be run, without being told by another country what they should do**) 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. (Two causes addressed) _________ 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. (Two causes addressed) 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states. 216 4 MAIN Causes and explanation: M A I N Ultimately, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were defeated by the Allies. If you were a world leader, and someone proposed making Germany pay the war bills of your country and the other winners, would you support it? If at the end of the war you determined that your country spent $15 billion total on the war, would you support a proposal in the peace settlement to make Germany pay you that money? Circle one: Yes No 3 reasons: 1. ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 217 218 219 220 221 222 Learning Goal 6 – I will be able to: -Define Totalitarianism -Explain why Totalitarian regimes take root -Summarize how Totalitarianism began in Italy -Compare Fascism to Communism f. Totalitarianism in Italy i. Totalitarianism 1. Type of government where a ruthless dictator rules, and what he says is law a. Like an absolute monarch, but power is not passed within the family in a Totalitarian government 2. After WWI, European countries fell into economic hardship a. Totalitarian rulers promised they alone could fix things, and the people believed them 3. Totalitarian governments have total control over the lives (and deaths) of the citizens ii. People live to serve the state, not themselves iii. Totalitarianism in Italy 1. Fascism – new, militant political movement emphasizing loyalty to the state and obedience to the leader a. Fiercely nationalistic b. Peaceful states doomed to suffer c. Similar to Communism i. Believed in only one political party ii. Dictatorial iii. Denied individual rights iv. Different in that Communism had worldwide goals and Fascism is more focused on the individual country, and Fascism recognizes that there are different classes in society and each has a role 2. Italy suffering greatly after World War I a. Impatient with democratic government, wanted immediate action b. Benito Mussolini promised to save Italy from its despair i. Abolished democracy ii. Jailed political opponents iii. Government censorship of radio stations and newspapers 223 Learning Goal 6 – I will be able to: -Define Totalitarianism -Explain why Totalitarian regimes take root -Summarize how Totalitarianism began in Italy -Compare Fascism to Communism Totalitarianism 224 225 226 Learning Goal 7 – I will be able to: -Summarize how Totalitarianism existed in Russia -Explain why Tsar Nicholas II was unpopular and what impact that had on the Russian Revolution -Explain Vladimir Lenin’s importance in the Russian Revolution -Summarize how Stalin wrestled power from Leon Trotsky -Explain why Josef Stalin’s brutal rule in the USSR was important in Europe and to the US g. Totalitarianism in Russia i. Russian Revolution in 1917 (got Russia out of WWI in 1918) started Russia down the path towards a Totalitarian government ii. WWI = disaster for Russia 1. Poor military leadership, not enough supplies, 1.7 mil dead, almost 5 mil more wounded iii. 1917, Russia ruled by absolute monarch Tsar Nicholas II 1. He and his wife Alexandra were very unpopular a. Made decisions in the best interests of his family and power, not in the best interests of the country b. Took the advice of an insane monk iv. Russian people wanted Russia out of WWI v. Eventually Tsar Nicholas steps down as ruler and Alexander Kerensky sets up a temporary government 1. Eventually overthrown by Vladimir Lenin vi. Vladimir Lenin 1. Belonged to political party called Bolsheviks (Communist) vii. Russian Civil War 1. 1918-1921, over 25 million killed 2. Royal family of Tsar Nicholas murdered in their homes 3. Lenin has to rebuild a totally devastated country, but dies in 1924 viii. Power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin to take power after Lenin’s death 1. Stalin wins and forces Trotsky into exile in Siberia a. Trotsky eventually sneaks out and moves to Mexico, where he is murdered with an ice axe ix. Josef Stalin 1. Russia becomes Communist, called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) 2. Collectivized Agriculture a. Big farms taken over by government – definitely socialism! Did it work? 3. Controlled all media 4. Great Purge of 1934 = mass murder of anyone who disagreed with Stalin 227 Learning Goal 7 – I will be able to: -Summarize how Totalitarianism existed in Russia -Explain why Tsar Nicholas II was unpopular and what impact that had on the Russian Revolution -Explain Vladimir Lenin’s importance in the Russian Revolution -Summarize how Stalin wrestled power from Leon Trotsky -Explain why Josef Stalin’s brutal rule in the USSR was important in Europe and to the US Totalitarianism is… Totalitarianism in Russia… Tsar Nicholas II… Vladimir Lenin… Stalin vs. Trotsky… Stalin’s importance… 228 229 230 231 Learning Goal 8 – I will be able to: -Explain the impact of WWI on Germany -Identify Mein Kampf and explain Hitler’s views -Summarize how and why Hitler came to power h. Totalitarianism in Germany i. WWI destroyed the country, and they had to pay reparations to the winning nations 1. Any time they got money or resources they had to give to other countries instead of using it to help themselves 2. People upset at the government ii. Adolf Hitler 1. Born in Austria (VERY gifted artist!), WWI veteran, Anti-Communist 2. Blamed all Germany’s problems on the Jews 3. Fiercely nationalistic – Germany above all; believed in superiority of German culture 4. 1923, took part in Munich uprising, a revolt against the government a. Spent 9 months in prison b. While in prison, wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) i. Main Themes 1. Germany not responsible for losing WWI 2. Jews to blame for Germany’s defeat and its current problems 3. Germans were a master race and would rule all 5. During the Great Depression, he promised that he had a plan for recovery 232 Learning Goal 8 – I will be able to: -Explain the impact of WWI on Germany -Identify Mein Kampf and explain Hitler’s views -Summarize how and why Hitler came to power HITLER 233 234 Fighting Jews as Defending God [p.60] The Jewish doctrine of Marxism rejects the aristocratic principle of Nature and replaces the eternal privilege of power and strength by the mass of numbers and their dead weight. Thus it denies the value of personality in man, contests the significance of nationality and race, and thereby withdraws from humanity the premise of its existence and its culture. As a foundation of the universe, this doctrine would bring about the end of any order intellectually conceivable to man. And as, in this greatest of all recognizable organisms, the result of an application of such a law could only be chaos, on earth it could only be destruction for the inhabitants of this planet. If, with the help of his Marxist creed, the Jew is victorious over the other peoples of the world, his crown will be the funeral wreath of humanity and this planet will, as it did thousands of years ago, move through the ether devoid of men. Eternal Nature inexorably avenges the infringement of her commands. Hence today I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord On the "Big Lie" [p.134] All this was inspired by the principle - which is quite true in itself - that in the big lie there is always a certain force of credibility; because the broad masses of a nation are always more easily corrupted in the deeper strata of their emotional nature than consciously or voluntarily; and thus in the primitive simplicity of their minds they more readily fall victims to the big lie than the small lie, since they themselves often tell small lies in little matters but would be ashamed to resort to large-scale falsehoods. It would never come into their heads to fabricate colossal untruths, and they would not believe that others could have the impudence to distort the truth so infamously. Even though the facts which prove this to be so may be brought clearly to their minds, they will still doubt and waver and will continue to think that there may be some other explanation. For the grossly impudent lie always leaves traces behind it, even after it has been nailed down, a fact which is known to all expert liars in this world and to all who conspire together in the art of lying. These people know only too well how to use falsehood for the basest purposes. From time immemorial, however, the Jews have known better than any others how falsehood and calumny can be exploited. Is not their very existence founded on one great lie, namely, that they are a religious community, where as in reality they are a race? And what a race! One of the greatest thinkers that mankind has produced has branded the Jews for all time with a statement which is profoundly and exactly true. Schopenhauer called the Jew "The Great Master of Lies". Those who do not realize the truth of that statement, or do not wish to believe it, will never be able to lend a hand in helping Truth to prevail. 235 On the Use of Propaganda [Chapter 6] The function of propaganda does not lie in the scientific training of the individual, but in calling the masses' attention to certain facts, processes, necessities, etc., whose significance is thus for the first time placed within their field of vision ... All propaganda must be popular and its intellectual level must be adjusted to the most limited intelligence among those it is addressed to. Consequently, the greater the mass it is intended to reach, the lower its purely intellectual level will have to be. But if, as in propaganda for sticking out a war, the aim is to influence a whole people, we must avoid excessive intellectual demands on our public, and too much caution cannot be extended in this direction. The more modest its intellectual ballast, the more exclusively it takes into consideration the emotions of the masses, the more effective it will be. And this is the best proof of the soundness or unsoundness of a propaganda campaign, and not success pleasing a few scholars or young aesthetes. The art of propaganda lies in understanding the emotional ideas of the great masses and finding, through a psychologically correct form, the way to the attention and thence to the heart of the broad masses. The fact that our bright boys do not understand this merely shows how mentally lazy and conceited they are. Once understood how necessary it is for propaganda in be adjusted to the broad mass, the following rule results: It is a mistake to make propaganda many-sided, like scientific instruction, for instance. The receptivity of the great masses is very limited, their intelligence is small, but their power of forgetting is enormous. In consequence of these facts, all effective propaganda must be limited to a very few points and must harp on these in slogans until the last member of the public understands what you want him to understand by your slogan. As soon as you sacrifice this slogan and try to be many-sided, the effect will piddle away, for the crowd can neither digest nor retain the material offered. In this way the result is weakened and in the end entirely cancelled out. Thus we see that propaganda must follow a simple line and correspondingly the basic tactics must be psychologically sound ... What, for example, would we say about a poster that was supposed to advertise a new soap and that described other soaps as 'good'? We would only shake our heads. Exactly the same applies to political advertising. The function of propaganda is, for example, not to weigh and ponder the rights of different people, but exclusively to emphasize the one right which it has set out to argue for. Its task is not to make an objective study of the truth, in so far as it favors the enemy, and then set it before the masses with academic fairness; its task is to serve our own right, always and unflinchingly. 236 “Fighting the Jews as Defending God” – Underline on whom Hitler blames Marxism – Number the 9 problems Hitler sees with Marxism – Circle where Hitler writes that he is doing God’s work. “On the Big Lie” – Underline where Hitler explains why there is credibility in the big lie. – In no more than 2-3 sentences, summarize in your own words Hitler’s point about big lies and his support for it. – Underline the lie Hitler believes is being perpetrated by the Jews. – According to Hitler, who will never be able to help spread truth? Circle it. Then underline his reason(s) why. “On the Use of Propaganda” – Underline the important points Hitler makes about using propaganda. What is it? How should it be used? Why? Etc. 237 Learning Goal 9 – I will be able to: -Cite and explain the importance of examples of Anti-Semitism -Cite examples of Hitler breaking the Treaty of Versailles -Define appeasement and explain why it does not work -Summarize how Hitler brought on World War II i. Hitler and Anti-Semitism i. Believed in Aryan or superior race, blonde hair, blue eyes (yet he had brown hair/eyes) ii. Anti-Semitic = anti Jew iii. Moved ruthlessly against the Jews 1. 1935, stripped Jews of their German citizenship 2. November 1938, Kristallnacht, attacked Jews on the streets, destroyed their businesses, burned synagogues – many Jews sent to concentration camps iv. The Third Reich 1. Hitler called his government the Third Reich and predicted it would last 1,000 years and would rival the Roman Empire a. All political parties against the Nazi Party were banned b. No freedom of the press, assembly, or speech c. If not a member of the Nazi party, employers cannot hire you v. Broke the Treaty of Versailles 1. Increased the military, quit paying reparations 2. Believed that wherever a German lived, the land belonged to Germany, so took parts of Poland and Czechoslovakia and claimed them for Germany. vi. Britain, France, and America tried to use appeasement with Hitler 1. Appeasement = giving in to small demands to avoid larger conflict – doesn’t work! 2. Kid in the cereal aisle at the grocery store vii. World War II 1. September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland 2. Hitler and the Germans defeated in 1945 238 Learning Goal 9 – I will be able to: -Cite and explain the importance of examples of Anti-Semitism -Cite examples of Hitler breaking the Treaty of Versailles -Define appeasement and explain why it does not work -Summarize how Hitler brought on World War II Anti-Semitism & Examples Hitler Breaking TOV Appeasement & Why it Fails How Hitler Brought on WWII 239 240 241 242 243 244 Review Pages Learning Goal 1 – I will be able to: -Define Holy Roman Empire -Define/Explain each of the 4 steps to German Unification -Identify and explain the historical importance of Otto von Bismarck Learning Goal 2 – I will be able to: -List and define the 4 MAIN causes of World War I -Summarize the “spark” that ignited the fighting -Explain how alliances led to a war between many countries Learning Goal 3 – I will be able to: -Define the two major alliances and identify major players in each -Summarize trench warfare and explain how it led to a lengthy conflict -Identify six new weapons of WWI and explain how they changed warfare Learning Goal 4 – I will be able to: -Define neutrality -Explain why the US was neutral -Identify and explain the two events that brought the United States into WWI -Explain why Russia left the war and its impact on the fighting that continued -Identify the armistice and explain its relevance today Learning Goal 5 – I will be able to: -Identify and define 14 Points -Explain how the 14 Points addressed the 4 MAIN causes -Summarize examples of Germany being punished by the Big Four -Define Reparations and explain why they were issued -Define League of Nations and explain how it led to the defeat of the Treaty of Versailles in the US Senate 245 Learning Goal 6 – I will be able to: -Define Totalitarianism -Explain why Totalitarian regimes take root -Summarize how Totalitarianism began in Italy -Compare Fascism to Communism Learning Goal 7 – I will be able to: -Summarize how Totalitarianism existed in Russia -Explain why Tsar Nicholas II was unpopular and what impact that had on the Russian Revolution -Explain Vladimir Lenin’s importance in the Russian Revolution -Summarize how Stalin wrestled power from Leon Trotsky -Explain why Josef Stalin’s brutal rule in the USSR was important in Europe and to the US Learning Goal 8 – I will be able to: -Explain the impact of WWI on Germany -Identify Mein Kampf and explain Hitler’s views -Summarize how and why Hitler came to power Learning Goal 9 – I will be able to: -Cite and explain the importance of examples of Anti-Semitism -Cite examples of Hitler breaking the Treaty of Versailles -Define appeasement and explain why it does not work -Summarize how Hitler brought on World War II 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 NEED TO KNOW Holy Roman Empire Armistice Confederation of the Rhine 14 Points Zollverein Big Four Otto von Bismarck Reparations Militarism Treaty of Versailles Alliance League of Nations Imperialism Totalitarianism Nationalism Fascism Franz Ferdinand Benito Mussolini Gavrilo Princip Russian Revolution Central Powers Tsar Nicholas II Allied Powers Vladimir Lenin Trench Warfare Leon Trotsky Eastern Front Josef Stalin Western Front Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) 6 new weapons of WWI Great Purge War of Attrition Adolf Hitler Christmas Truce Mein Kampf Neutrality Aryan Race Lusitania Anti-Semitic Zimmermann Note Kristallnacht The Communist Manifesto Appeasement 255 256 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
