What is evolution?
What is evolution?
Change in organisms over a
long time
In order for evolution to occur, there
must be _____________ __________
present.
In order for evolution to occur, there
must be NATURAL VARIATION
present.
Lamark
What evolution ideas did Lamark have?
Not all were accurate
(Hint: “Lamark missed the mark”)
Lamark
Species strive for perfection and complexity
“Use it, or lose it”
Acquired traits are passed on to offspring
Darwin proposed the theory of
__________ _________.
Darwin proposed the theory of
NATURAL SELECTION
Darwin
He studied the Galapagos finches and
examined how they evolved. He used
the term: _______________________
Darwin
Studied the Galapagos finches and
examined how they evolved. He used
the term: “Survival of the Fittest”
What is the type of adaptation that
new species originate from one
ancestor like Darwin’s finches?
“Tweak the Beak”
Adaptive Radiation
Darwin said that the ability of
an organism to survive and
reproduce in its environment
is called its ______________.
Darwin said that the ability of
an organism to survive and
reproduce in its environment
is called its FITNESS!
What is the type of evolution where there
is a long, steady evolution in a species?
What is the type of evolution where there
is a long, steady evolution in a species?
Gradualism
Name the type of evolutionary change
where there is a long period of steady
evolution and then a sudden event such as
the ice age or a major volcano eruption?
Punctuated Equilibrium
Structures from same ancestor, with
same structure and function, but in
different species are called
_________________structures.
Structures from same ancestor, with same
structure and function, but in different
species are called Homologous structures.
Homo=same
Structures from
different
ancestors,
different species,
but same function
are called
______________
structures.
Example: wings for
flying
Structures from
different ancestors,
different species,
but same function
are called
Analogous
Ana=“not”
structures.
_____organs
are ones that
are reduced
in size and
have no
known
function any
longer.
Vestigial
organs are
ones that are
reduced in
size and have
no known
function any
longer.
What is a fossil?
What is a fossil?
Preserved remains of a living organism
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Principle
Recognize the 5 parts to the
Hardy-Weinberg principle to maintain
genetic equilibrium
Genetic Equilibrium will occur if ALL of
the following 5 conditions must exist
(this is highly unlikely to ever happen)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
No mutations
No emigration/immigration
No natural selection
Must be a large population
Random mating must occur
All the combined alleles in a
population (species living in an area)
is called the ____ ____.
All the combined alleles in a
population (species living in an
area) is called the gene pool.
What is the gene frequency
change in a small population
which is due to chance?
Genetic Drift
What is it called when a few organisms leave
their original habitat and start a new colony
with fewer allele frequency than the original
colony?
What is it called when a few organisms leave
their original habitat and start a new colony
with fewer allele frequency than the original
colony?
FOUNDER EFFECT
A species is an organism that can
_____________ and produce
____________ __________.
Horse
Donkey
Mule
A species is an organism that can
reproduce and produce fertile offspring.
Horse
Donkey
Mules
are not a
species
What is
natural
selection?
What is
artificial
selection?
Natural Selection:
Nature selects the best
traits for survival
Changes allele frequency
Artificial selection:
Man selects best traits
to breed.
Name 3 types of
“Reproductive Isolation”
Define each one.
3 Types of Reproductive Isolation
1.
2.
3.
Behavioral Isolation: Traits or habits preventing
reproduction (the mating song or dance of a bird)
Geographical Isolation: Land separation of
individuals in a species keeping them from
reproducing (oceans, rivers, canyons, etc.)
Temporal Isolation: Mating season is different such
as winter vs. spring or April vs. October or night vs.
day.
Name the following graphs and describe what is happening.
1
2
3
Name the following graphs and describe what is happening.
1
2
3
Stabilizing: The average
(middle) individuals of a
species are fittest.
Disruptive: The
individuals at the outer
ends are fittest.
Directional: The
individuals at one end
are fittest.
What is convergent evolution?
What is divergent evolution?
What is convergent evolution?
Two species that had different
ancestors but due to living in the
same environment, they look
alike such as the dolphin and
shark.
What is divergent evolution?
Two or more species have the
same ancestor but have branched
off into new species.
What type of
evolution is this
when one species
must evolve along
with another for
survival?
What type of
evolution is this when
one species must
evolve along with
another for survival?
Coevolution