New American Diplomacy HW Quiz
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1. What is Anglo-Saxonism?
2. Who wrote “The Influence of Sea Power upon History”, calling for
the expansion of the military?
3. What were the TWO causes of the Spanish-American War?
4. What were the TWO fronts of the Spanish-American War?
5. Who was a major leader of the Rough Riders?
6. What agreement said that Cuba would stay independent, but would
still be tied to the United States?
7. What policy said that the United States could trade freely with China,
even though they didn’t have a “Sphere of Influence”?
8. What was Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy?
9. What was William Taft’s foreign policy?
10. What was Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy?
Bonus (10 points): What term describes a strong dislike of foreigners?
World War I, Part 1:
The Beginning
Goal 6 and 8
Essential Idea
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There were four factors that led to the
beginning of World War I.
Causes of the War
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There are ____ MAIN causes to
_____________.
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MAIN-
Militarism
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Militarism: the
aggressive build-up of
armed forces to
intimidate other
countries
Militarism in Europe:
1. Britain had built up a
strong navy to defend
the island against
invasion
2. Germany then built
up the strongest army in
Europe
1910-1914
Increase in
Defense
Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%
Militarism
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The result: An “arms race”
started between Germany and
Britain, creating high tension
Alliances
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Alliance- a close
association
between nations
with common
interests
Why form
alliances? There
was safety in
numbers when
countries joined
forces
Triple Alliance
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The Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
The Triple Entente: France, Britain, and Russia
Problem: The alliances are SECRET
Why is this a problem? Hard to know who is sided with who!
The Alliance System
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:
Imperialism
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Imperialism- domination
of a strong country over
a weaker one
The two major empires
of the time: AustroHungarian and
Ottoman
These empires were
located in a southeastern area of Europe
known as the Balkans
Nationalism
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Nationalism- intense
pride in homeland
and culture
Major belief: people
who share a
national identity
should have their
own country and
government
Nationalism
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Nationalists HATED the idea of imperialist
countries (empires) interfering with them
Serbia
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In the Balkans, a group of people known as the Serbs gained
independence and created Serbia
Reactions: Russia supported Serbia, Austria-Hungary opposed
Serbia
How this may become a problem: Russia and Austria-Hungary
were in OPPOSING alliances
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The Trigger is Pulled
What forms in Serbia: a
secret nationalist group
known as the “Black
Hand”
One member
assassinated the heir
to the AustroHungarian throne,
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
The Man Who Started World War I
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Why? To try to bring
down the AustroHungarian Empire
Alliances Assemble: Picking Sides
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Countries siding
AGAINST Serbia:
Austria-Hungary,
Germany
Countries siding WITH
Serbia: Russia, France
14
12
10
Millions
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Soldiers Mobilized
8
6
4
2
0
France
Germany
Russia
Britain
Wars Declared
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Austria-Hungary declared war on
Serbia
Germany declared war on Russia
Germany declared war on France
To get to France, Germany had to
cross British-supported Belgium
so…..
Britain declared war on Germany
Result? World War I began!
Roots of WWI
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The Two Sides: The Central Powers
Before WWI:
Triple Entente:
France, Britain, Russia
Triple Alliance:
Germany, AustriaHungary, Italy
New Alliances
•The Allies: France,
Britain, Russia, Italy
•Central Powers:
Germany, AustriaHungary, Ottoman
Empire, Bulgaria
•What has changed?
•Who is NOT
involved yet?
Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Trying to Stay Neutral
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Wilson Tries to Stay
Neutral
Reasons to side with the
Allies:
British and American
culture was similar
France had helped U.S.
gain independence
(Revolutionary War)
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Where was the German immigrant population the
densest?
Where was it the least dense?
What made many Irish come to America? (think
back)
Americans Taking Sides
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Reasons to side with the Central Powers:
U.S. had 8 million German immigrants
U.S. had 4.5 million Irish immigrants who
hated Britain
The result: the United States stayed
neutral for the first three years of World
War I
A Boat and a Note
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The Event: America enters World War I
The “Causes”: A boat and a note
Cause #1: A boat
U-Boats
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German invention: the U-Boat
What it was: the first submarine, built to get around
British naval blockades
The Lusitania and the Sussex
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What happened to the Lusitania: German U-boats sank the Lusitania,
a British passenger ship, killing 120 Americans on board
What happened to the Sussex: German U-boats sank the Sussex, a
French passenger ship, injuring many Americans
The Sussex Pledge
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Caught in the Middle
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To avoid war,
Germany signed
the Sussex Pledge,
promising not to
attack civilian ships
without warning
(restricted
submarine warfare)
Zimmerman Telegram
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Cause #2: A note
The note: the Zimmermann Telegram
How we found out about it: British
intercepted it (message from Germany to
Mexico)
The Zimmerman Telegram
What is
Germany’s
proposition?
The Final Straw
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What it said:
Germany offered to
help Mexico get land
back from the
Mexican Cession IF
they would help
Germany
Germany Provoking War Again
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American Reaction: MAD
What else did Germany do? Broke the Sussex Pledge by starting
UNrestricted submarine warfare again
Result of a Boat and a Note?
Wilson makes a speech on April 2, 1917, saying the “world must be made
safe for democracy”
America declares war on Germany (enters World War I) Declaring War