The Rise of Segregation
Goal 7
Progressivism Quiz
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1. What did the 16th Amendment do?
2. What did the 19th Amendment do?
3. Who wrote and took photographs to expose poor
living conditions in cities, especially for immigrants?
4. Who helped expand democracy by calling for direct
primaries?
5. Which president is known for wanting to regulate
business, and often used “gentlemen’s agreements”?
BONUS (10 points): Name the three “progressive
presidents”.
Essential Idea
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The major failure of the Progressive Era
was the continued segregation of races in
the South.
Introduction
Racism in the South
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Reconstruction:
A time when the
military ran the
South and many
Republicans and
blacks were in
government
“Redeeming” the South
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Compromise of 1877- this
deal let Rutherford B. Hayes
become president in
exchange for ENDING
Reconstruction
“Redemption”- with military
gone, the South got rid of
Republicans and blacks in
government, and the “old
South” is redeemed
Disenfranchisement
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Blacks GAINED
suffrage with the
passing of the 15th
Amendment, which
said that men of all
races could vote
States could not
VIOLATE the 15th
Amendment, but
they could add
RESTRICTIONS to it
Getting Around the 15th
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Method #1: Poll taxes
Poll Taxes put a $2 tax on voting, which
targeted poor blacks
Stopping the Black Vote
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Method #2: Literacy
Tests
Literacy tests required
voters to read and
interpret state
constitutions, which
targeted illiterate
blacks
Stopping the Black Vote
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Method #3: the Grandfather Clause
The Grandfather Clause said you could only vote if
you had an ancestor from 1867 who had voted
How many blacks could vote in 1867? (15th
Amendment was ratified in 1870!)
Disenfranchisement
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Blacks were
DISENFRANCHISED as
a result
Disenfranchisementlaws passed to take
away voting rights
How many blacks voted
for McKinley (a
Republican, like
Lincoln) in the North?
How many blacks voted
for McKinley in the
South?
Does it appear that
something fishy is
going on?
Jim Crow Laws
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___________________ - laws that legally ___________________ the
races in the __________.
The 14th Amendment DID say that states could not DISCRIMINATE
However, the 14th Amendment DID NOT say that states could not
SEGREGATE, or that PRIVATE businesses could not discriminate
Types of Segregation
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Two types of segregations came about:
Type of segregation: De jure
De jure meant segregation by LAW
This was upheld by Plessy v. Ferguson, which
allowed “separate but EQUAL”
Type of segregation: De facto
De facto meant segregation by CUSTOM
This was allowed by the 14th Amendment
since it was not done by the STATE
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Case: Plessy v.
Ferguson
The issue: a black man
wanted to be able to ride
in a white train car
The ruling: races can be
segregated if they are
“SEPARATE BUT EQUAL”
Plessy and Jim Crow
Trouble in Wilmington
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Blacks in Wilmington: blacks were the
majority population, held positions of
power in government, and ran the local
newspapers
Whites in Wilmington: white supremacists
in the city decided it was time to “take the
city back”
Wilmington Riot
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First, whites destroyed the newspaper building and
there were riots all day
Next, the Republicans and blacks were forced out of
government and replaced with Democrats
Wilmington Race Riot
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The NEW government began passing Jim Crow
laws
Meanwhile, the Federal Government did
NOTHING to stop the injustice
Lynching
The Problem:
Lynching, which
is an unlawful
execution, usually
performed by a
mob
The victims: 187
blacks a year
Ida B. Wells
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Who spoke out? Ida B. Wells
What she called for: jury
trials and HONEST
convictions (6th Amendment)
Famous song from the time:
Strange Fruit
Looking for Compromise
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There were ____ major figures
who spoke out concerning
________________ and
__________ in the South.
Booker T. Washington
Approach to segregation: Gradual
He said blacks should be educated
and economically stable BEFORE
fighting for equality
He made the famous Atlanta
Compromise Speech, calling for
gradual equality
He established the Tuskegee
Institute for blacks
W.E.B. Du Bois: Change Things NOW
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Who: W.E.B. Du Bois
Approach to segregation:
Immediate
He said that segregation should
be challenged immediately
Washington and Du Bois
He met with black leaders at the
Niagara Movement to demand full
rights
He helped organize the NAACP
and started a newspaper, The
Crisis
Lynching in Modern Times
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(Show if there is time, in order. If limited
on time, show only the middle video)
Modern Day Lynching?
Show:
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History of Lynching in America
The Ku Klux Klan and the Lynching of Michael
Donald
Michael Donald’s Mother Takes On the Klan