2.01 Remember the structures
of the circulatory system
Essential questions

What are the structures of blood?

What are the structures of the circulatory
system?
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
2
Structures of the circulatory system
Blood
 Heart
 Arteries
 Veins
 Capillaries

2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
3
Blood



Hemat- = blood
-ology = the study of
The average adult has
8 – 10 pints.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
4
Blood
One drop of blood contains:



5 million RBCs
250,000-500,000 platelets
7,500 WBCs
Red blood cells live 120 days.
Make new blood cells 2 million per second!
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
5
Structures of the blood




Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
6
Plasma
Plasma
Cellular
elements
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
7
Plasma proteins
Plasma
Cellular
elements
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
8
Erythrocytes



Biconcave disk
Hemoglobin
Transportation


Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
9
Leukocytes


Larger than
erythrocytes
Five types
Leuk/o/cytes –
white cells
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
10
Leukocytes

Agranulocytes


Lymphocytes
Monocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
11
Leukocytes

Granulocytes



Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
12
Thrombocytes




Smallest of solid
components of blood
Synthesized in red
marrow
Not cells, composed of
fragments of
megakaryocytes
Necessary for the
initiation of the blood
clotting process
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
13
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
14
Blood types

Inherited from parents

Determined by presence
or absence of an antigen
on the surface of the red
blood cell
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
15

In 1901, the Austrian
immunologist Karl
Landsteiner discovered
that blood may be
grouped into four main
types.

Based on the reaction
that resulted when blood
from different individuals
were mixed.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
16
Blood types




Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies
Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies
Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies
Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
17
Rh factor

Rhesus (Rh) factor is an
inherited trait that refers to a
specific protein found on the
surface of red blood cells
(antigen).

Blood used in transfusions
must match donors for Rh
status as well as for ABO
blood type.

Although Rh factor doesn't
affect the patient’s health, it
can affect pregnancy.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
18
Rh factor

In 1940, the Rh factor
was discovered as a
result of studying Rhesus
monkeys.

When blood from
monkeys was injected
into rabbits and guinea
pigs, it clotted.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
19
Rh factor

If the blood has the
protein, the patient is
Rh positive.

If the blood lacks the
protein, the patient is
Rh negative.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
20
Structures of the circulatory system

Heart
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
21
Heart
The heart is a
double pump.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
22
Heart
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aortic semilunar valve
Pulmonary vein
Right atrium
Left atrium
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Septum
Apex
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
23
Layers of the heart
Left atrium
Right atrium
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
24
Conduction system of heart beats
Refer to your textbook to
identify the structures of the
heart’s conduction system in
the correct sequence for the
heart to beat.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
25
Structures of the circulatory system
 ARTERIES
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
26
Vessels of the circulatory system

ARTERIES

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to
the capillaries
Elastic, muscular and thick-walled
Transport blood under very high pressure

Arteries > arterioles > capillaries


2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
27
Vessels of the
circulatory system
Arterial blood
Oxygen rich
Bright red, spurts
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
28
Structures of the circulatory system
 VEINS
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
29
Vessels of the circulatory system

VEINS





Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the
heart
Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and
muscular than arteries
Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood
Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction
of the heart
Veins > Venules > Capillaries
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
30
Vessels of the
circulatory system
Venous blood
Oxygen poor
Dark crimson, oozes
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
31
Vessels of the circulatory system
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
32
Structures of the circulatory system

Capillaries

The smallest
blood vessels

Connect
arterioles to
venules
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
33
Structures of the circulatory system
Trace the flow of blood
through the body
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
34
Flow of blood through the body
Right side
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Left Side
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
Body
Lungs CO2 and O2
exchange
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
35
Pulse sites

Alternating expansion and contraction of an
artery as blood flows through it.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
36
Common pulse sites
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system
37