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VIDEO, King John Explains
Divine Right (Robin Hood movie clip)     

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INCREASE OF MIDDLE CLASS, DECLINE OF
FEUDALISM, RISE OF CITIES
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17 th Century period of huge upheaval in Europe
 monarchs impose order by increasing own power
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Created new government bureaucracies to control economic life  GOAL: be free from limitations set by nobility & Parliament; therefore rule absolutely

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Who: Hapsburgs of Austria and Spain vs. France,
Sweden, and German states
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What: When each religion in central Europe tried to gain followers  led to war
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When: 1618 – 1648
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Where: Mostly fought on German soil
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Why: One last major war of religions in Europe; following it’s end, religion divided Europe and everyone had to be ok with it!

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If you think you now have a solid understanding of what went down in the war, then watch this
GREAT video!
You need to have a pretty good idea of what it was all about in order to watch this. There are no words, just VERY inspirational music set to live acting. It’s awesome!!! Enjoy!
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYddEfXXQ
Vk

Ends war in 1648, consequences:
1) Weakened Hapsburg sts. Of Spain & Austria
2) Strengthens France – gives it German territories
3) Made German princes independent of Holy
Roman Emperor
4) Ended religious wars in Europe
5) Introduced new method of peace negotiation
6) Most important: abandoned idea of Catholic empire in Europe & recognized Europe as group of independent states  now all equal to each other

Funny Video 
 Video Summary of
Thirty Years’ War &
Peace of Westphalia

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DIEGO VELAZQUEZ—paintings showed pride of Spain’s monarchy; rich colors
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DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA: 1605, called birth of modern European novel—by
Miguel Cervantes
 about poor Spanish nobleman who goes crazy from reading too many books on heroic knights
 set out to “right every manner of wrong”
 VIDEO of the story of Don Quixote (done in a kid version, but gives you the story…basically the dude went crazy!)

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1215 - King John was trying to impose too many laws, so he was forced to sign the
Magna Carta, agreeing to obey laws
& consult with Parliament
(legislature = make laws)
Magna Carta Video
1603 Queen Elizabeth dies, no heir  James I becomes King (absolute monarch)
 dissolves (gets rid of) Parliament
 raises taxes, wages war, persecutes Puritans (those who want to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic influences)  forces some to flee to America to avoid persecution! Woooo freedom!

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1625 - inherits throne & rules without Parliament at first
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1628 - Charles realizes he needs $$ (again) from
Parliament for wars he’s started with Spain &
France  Parl. forced to him to sign Petition of
Right if he wanted $$
 monarch cannot raise taxes without Parliament’s consent
 monarch cannot imprison people without just cause
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1629 - he dissolves Parliament again  THEY’RE
PISSED! They gave him the money and he RAN!

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1641 - Scotland threatens to invade England & Charles needs $$ again…sooo he asks Parliament AGAIN for $$, even though he keeps dissolving them after he gets some
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So Parliament tries to limit his power  he’s angry and conflict erupts  Civil War goes down
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Royalist/Cavaliers are the supporters of King Charles (mostly nobles)
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Roundheads – opposition army – leader is Oliver Cromwell
(common people) THEY WIN!! WHAT?! The regular guy wins??
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1649 - Roundheads bring Charles to trial for treason & execute him
English Civil War Video

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Cromwell becomes military ruler of England (abolishes monarchy)
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 passes strict laws against “sinful” acts (closes theatres, outlaws gambling /dancing, bans books, etc.)…he’s crazy. He even bans
CHRISTMAS!!
crushes rebellion in Ireland & takes land for his own soldiers religious toleration for everyone except Catholics (Ireland)
Oliver Cromwell and Charles II Video
1658 - Cromwell dies (no one is sad about it) & new
Parliament invites Charles II to rule as King 
“RESTORATION”
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(hey dude, sorry about beheading your dad, Charles I…but can you come back to the throne? The last guy we chose was super strict and totally sucked. We’re interested in partying again.)
He was a huge party boy and restored everything fun! Hence the term,
“Restoration”. He never married and no legitimate kids.

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Definition: anyone accused of a crime would appear before a judge & either be released to given a trial by jury
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1685 - Charles II dies with no heir (he was too busy partying)  James II becomes King (his brother)

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Uh oh  He suspends laws, abuses power, appoints
Catholics to government office
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WHAT?! Catholics?!?! Nooooooo, this is a PROTESTANT country! James II, what are you doing?!
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Parliament invites Mary (daughter of James II) &
William to take down James and rule England  she was a protestant, so obviously the better choice
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James II agrees  NO BLOODSHED =
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION (it was glorious because no one died in a ridiculous war)

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In order for William and Mary to rule, parliament made them sign this
1689 - BILL OF RIGHTS &
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
ARE FINALLY ESTABLISHED!
 limited monarchy shares power w/Parliament (more government, less royal/absolute power)
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 individual freedoms (including habeas corpus) guaranteed
House of Commons has “power of purse” (finances)
 Basically they’re splitting up the government into branches so that one branch doesn’t have too much power…like we have here in America

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Use this worksheet to come up with your own mnemonic device to remember Louis XIV,
Peter the Great, and Frederick the Great

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Most powerful ruler in French history
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Weakened the power of his nobles and excluded them from councils
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Spent fortune on luxurious items (meals & residence)
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CHATEAU (Palace) DE VERSAILLES  weakens France
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500 yards long; big statue of himself in courtyard
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Center of arts during reign (Opera and Ballet)

V
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A must watch!

Back of the Palace of Versailles…my backyard totally looks like this too. Fun fact: the palace is so big, everyone living in the town of Versailles at the time could comfortably live here.

Ceilings made of gold, the Hall of Mirrors, a bedroom, and LOOK AT THAT BACKYARD!!

LOUIS XIV’s BEDROOM…basically it’s all made of gold. The railing isn’t original of course, this is a current photo of it as a museum.

A couple of those photos were taken by
Mrs. Ewald when she went to visit the
Palace of Versailles 

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1700, Louis’s grandson, Philip of Anjou, was promised the throne of Spain after King Charles II’s death (no heir)
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Soooo that meant the 2 greatest powers in Europe (France and
Spain) would now both be ruled by the Bourbon Family!
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Countries in Europe felt threatened by this (obviously) & joined together to fight France & Spain  War of Spanish
Succession.
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End of the war was kind of a tie. Basically they all agreed that as long as Philip and Louis didn’t unite their kingdoms into one megakingdom, then Philip could go ahead and rule Spain . They agreed.
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Louis dies 1715--left a mixed legacy to his country because he was a great military leader and built France’s military to be
the STRONGEST IN ITS HISTORY…but then again the dude was an absolute monarch and totally selfish.

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FREDERICK WILLIAM II
(THE GREAT)
Leader of Prussia & a
Hohenzollern
Followed father’s strict military rule, but softened laws
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Wanted Austrian lands bordering Prussia  WON the war against Maria
Theresa (she was pissed.
She was trying to prove herself as a female leader and it wasn’t working out for her at first!)
MARIA THERESA
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Ruler of Austria & a
Hapsburg
Lost war to Frederick
Tried to save face  SEVEN
YEARS WAR, 1756-1763
SHE WON  But didn’t change territories in Europe, but Britain landed out on top
 France lost colonies in N.
America & gained sole domination of India for a while

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Believed Russia’s future depends on warm-water port  then could compete w/western Europe
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Went on GRAND EMBASSY with a goal of
westernization: using Europe as model for change & make Russia stronger
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Russian Orthodox Church under state control
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Reduced power of landowners
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Heavy taxes to pay for army of 200,000

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Introduced potatoes as new staple food
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1 st newspaper
Video 
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Women’s status increased b/c have to attend social gatherings
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Nobles give up traditional clothes for western fashions (meaning they’re dressing like Europeans)
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Education is the key to progress…..uhhh duh.
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Russia becoming powerful by his death in 1725