The Byzantine Empire and the
Crusades
Agenda
Bell Ringer: What is the main function of the feudal
system in Europe?
1. Lecture: Byzantine Empire and Crusades
2. The Black Death Analysis
3. Pope Urban II and his Speech on the Crusades
4. Justinian’s Code analysis
5. Grade stuff, Phoenix must be posted by Friday at
noon.
6. HW: Study for your test, Reading quiz on 10-11 on
Friday.
Emperor Justinian
• 527 A.D. – 565 A.D.
• Justinian Code 528 A.D.
– Code = Useful Roman
Laws.
– Digest = Summarized
legal opinions.
– Institutes = Guide for law
students.
– Novellae = laws passed
after 534 A.D.
The Split of the Church
• East/West Division
occurs over fundamental
beliefs of religion.
• Icons- A picture to honor
in a home or church.
• Iconoclasts- These icons
are WRONG, that is not
worshipping god.
• 1054- Church splits into
Roman Catholic and
Greek Orthodox.
Byzantine Art and Architecture
• Mosaic – design made
from stone, glass, or
enamel.
• Churches – location of
images showed
importance.
• Hagia Sophia
constructed in 532 A.D.
• “Holy wisdom”
• Extensive use of marble
and gold.
The Crusades: An Overview
• Pope Urban II – “An
Accursed race has
violently invaded the
lands of the Christians
and depopulated
them by pillage and
fire.”
• First Crusade 10961099
– Gain Jerusalem, first
instance of European
Imperialism.
Crusades: Continued
• Second Crusade 1147-1149
– More people are killed in
the process.
• Third Crusade 1189-1192
– Launched to retake
Jerusalem, taken by
Saladin two years prior.
• Fourth Crusade 1202-1204
– Now they were fighting
fellow Christians/Trade
Rivals
– Constantinople Looted in
1204.
Impact of the Crusades
• Encouraged the
growth of a money
economy.
• Monarchs gain power,
while the Church loses
authority.
• Begins a decline in the
Church, added to by
the Black Death.
Fall of Byzantine Empire
• Frequent invasions by
Muslim and Christian
warriors begin decline.
• Death of Justinian
leads to revolt and
division within the
empire.
• Ottoman Turks take
Constantinople in 1453
AD.