Medieval Europe Study Guide Charlemagne Byzantine Empire Franks Constantinople Caesaropapism Justinian Theodora Justinian’s Code Greek fire theme Carolingians Missi dominici Pope Leo III Magyars Vikings Bezant Feudalism Pope Patriarch of Constantinople Gregory I Penance Iconoclasm Basil of Caesarea Benedict of Nursia Cyrillic alphabet East-West Schism Eastern Orthodox Church Roman Catholic Church How was the Byzantine Empire similar to and different from the original Roman Empire? What did Justinian accomplish? What did Charlemagne accomplish? How was the Byzantine economy structured? How was the western European economy structured? How was political authority exercised in western Europe? How was religious authority structured in the Christian world (east and west)? What role did monks play in the Christian world? How were western Europe and the Byzantine Empire similar and different?