Immigration and Urbanization Review Packet
Second Wave
Immigration
Third Wave
Immigration
Time Period
 1820 - 1870
Time Period
 1870 - 1920
Countries:
1. Ireland
2. Germany
3. Scandinavia
Countries:
1. Russia
2. Poland
3. Italy
(also China, Japan and Mexico)
Region
 Southern and Eastern Europe
Region
 Northern and Western Europe
Push Factors for Immigrants
(to leave their homeland)
Poverty, shortage of farmland, lack of opportunity, political and religious persecution,
wars and threat of war
Pull Factors for Immigrants
(to come to the United States)
Jobs, opportunity, political and religious freedom, letters from family and friends
What were the two major immigration centers and where were they located?
Ellis Island, NYC
Angel Island, San
Francisco
Four reasons for the increase in immigration to the United States:
Hope for better
opportunities
Desire for
Religious
freedom
Escape from
political
oppression
Desire for
Adventure
Three reasons for the rise in city growth:
Specialized industries
 Steel
 Meatpacking
 Textiles
Movement of America
from rural to urban
areas (out of work
farmers to cities for a
job)
Immigration from other
countries
Which 2 groups of immigrants faced a significant amount of discrimination at this time?
Irish
Chinese
Define the following terms:
tenement: urban
apartments in which
immigrants lived; they
were overcrowded,
dangerous and unsanitary
ghetto: ethnic
neighborhoods within
cities where immigrants
from particular countries
and backgrounds tended
to settle together
Chinese Exclusion Act:
the first law restricting a
particular ethnic
“working group” from
entering the country;
lasted multiple decades
Why were laws passed to limit immigration?
There were people in the United States who were nativists (they felt
people born in America were superior to immigrants), and were afraid
that immigrants would take jobs away. They blamed increasing crime,
unemployment and other problems on immigrants. This is an example
of xenophobia, or fear/hatred or foreigners.
Positive things about living in a
city:
1. Access to consumer goods
2. Living close to work
What
influence did
political
bosses have
on
immigrants?
3. Employment opportunities
4. Cultural bonds
Negative things about living in a
city:
1. Tenements and ghettos
They used bribery and force to
make them vote and in exchange
they offered immigrants jobs and
housing (which could easily be
taken away if they went against
the plan).
Who was Boss
Tweed? What
did he do?
2. Pollution
3. Overcrowding
4. Unsanitary conditions / disease
5. Dangerous working conditions
Corrupt political boss in NYC, led
the political machine called
“Tammany Hall.” He stole a large
sum of money from the city and
bribed immigrants with promises
of apartments and jobs in
exchange for votes.