Big Business, Industrialization, and Immigration Study Guide

Life in Industrialized America Positives and Negatives
o a large variety of ___________________________ were available to buy because of national
markets
o ___________________________ occurred on farms, where machines were doing the work of
people, reducing labor needs and increasing production
o farmers left to go work in ___________________________ industries in the cities
o the United States went from an ___________________________ nation to an
_____________________ nation
o people were able to live near the factories where they worked
o _____________________ occurred in the tenements where people lived in cities
o pollution and disease spread quickly throughout the cities

Factors of Big Business – making business more efficient (faster and more successful)
SHARK
o Lots of ___________________________was needed to start or expand a business.
o Businesses started with raw materials (___________________________) such as coal, iron, wood,
or cattle.
o Natural resources were shipped to factories on the ___________________________ (railroads).
o In ___________________________raw materials became finished products to be sold.
o More ___________________________was available - businesses could pay workers less
(immigrants & former farmers)
o Assembly lines and cheap labor helped to create ___________________________.
o Railroads allowed finished products to be shipped out to ___________________________.
o ___________________________ tried to get consumers’ interest and expand the business’s
market.

Inventions What was their impact on Business?
o Alexander Graham Bell – invented the ___________________________, creating telephone
services available nationally
o Thomas Edison – improved electric ___________________________, figured out how to use
electricity in factories
o Henry Ford – used ___________________________to lower production costs for automobiles
Major Industrial Center Locations
o ___________________________ = meat-packing
o Pittsburgh = ___________________________
o ___________________________ = beef cattle raising / ranching
o Detroit = ___________________________
o ___________________________= textiles (clothing)

o Manufacturing areas were clustered near cities due to access to resources, products,
___________________________ and markets
o raw materials / natural resources: cotton from Southeast, beef cattle from Texas,
___________________________ to steel mills

“Captains of Industry”
o Andrew Carnegie = ___________________________
o ___________________________= railroads
o J. P. Morgan = ___________________________
o ___________________________= automobiles
o John D. Rockefeller = ___________________________; accused of having the first
___________________________
o monopolies were companies that controlled most or all of a certain kind of business by driving
competitors out of business and buying other companies

Reasons for immigration to America (HEAR) Push and Pull
o ___________________________ for better opportunities
o ___________________________ from oppressive governments
o desire for ___________________________
o desire for ___________________________ freedom

Immigrants in America
o ___________________________gained power over immigrants in the cities by giving them
___________________________ and apartments in exchange for ___________________________
o ___________________________was a powerful political boss who controlled immigrants in New
York
o The ___________________________ and Chinese faced a large amount of discrimination in
America
o The ___________________________of 1882 was America’s first attempt to limit the number of
immigrants entering the United States