Name: _______________________________
USVA History
Civil War notes – part 1
The Civil War Begins
Main Idea - The ____________________________________ of southern states caused the north
and south to take up __________________________
Tale of the Tape
Which side had the advantage?
______________________________________________
Which advantages were most important to have?
______________________________________________________________________________
The Outbreak of War
-________________________________ soldiers began taking over federal
_________________________________ in their states
 Courthouses, post offices and especially ______________________
-Only __________southern forts remained in the Union by the time Lincoln was inauguratedFort ______________________ was the most important
 Located on an island in the __________________________ Harbor (SC)
Lincoln’s Dilemma
-The Confederacy was demanding that the _______________ surrender the ____________ or
face attack
-_______________________________ were running low- only enough for 6 weeks
-_______________________________ faced a dilemma:
 if he ______________________ Fort Sumter he would risk war
 If he evacuated, he would make the Confederacy a legitimate ______________________
What decision would you have made? why?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Lincoln - Decided not to ______________________ it but it didn’t reinforce- just
“__________________ for hungry men”
Davis’s Dilemma
-Now Davis faced a dilemma
-If he did nothing he would ____________________ the Confederate image as a
__________________, independent ________________________
-If he attacked he would _________________ a war
What decision would you have made? Why?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Davis - Chose ________________________
First Shots at Fort Sumter
-April 12, 1861-_____________________________ started firing on the fort
Charleston citizens watched and cheers
-Took more than 4,000 rounds before the Union _______________________________
-Stirred nationalism in the north and Lincoln called for volunteers
More States secede
-4 more states secede- _____________________, North Carolina, _________________, and
Arkansas
 Western counties of VA were ____________________________ so they seceded from
VA- admitted into the Union as ____________________________ VA in 1863
-4 remaining slave states remained in the Union
 Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri
-MD was placed under _______________________ law to keep the capital of the Union from
being held in enemy territory
Why was the loss of Virginia to the confederacy such a large blow to the union?
__________________________________________________________________________
Advantages
Union
More ________________ (factories,
railroads, food production)
Larger __________________
Patient, decisive leader (_____________)
Confederacy
Profits from “king ___________________”
First rate _______________________
Strong military tradition
High motivation-defending their homeland
Strategies
Union
 Had to conquer to win
 3 part plan (_______________________ Plan):
o Block southern ports
o Move down ____________________ River
and split Confed.
o Capture Confed. Capital (________________________ VA)
Confederacy
o Reverse of Attrition warfare
o Fight until enemy _________________________
o ______________________________ strategy
o Stand your ground!
Battle of Bull Run
July 21, 1861- was the first major _______________________________ of the war
Lincoln ordered 30,000 soldiers to move from DC to capture Richmond
Met at Bull Run (_______________________________) by Confederate troops
Battle went back and forth but eventually the _____________________________ won
General “Stonewall” Jackson led confederates- “There is Jackson standing like a
_____________________________”
Lincoln’s reaction
Lincoln responded by ______________________ 50,000 men, and then 50,000 more 3 days
later
Lincoln appointed General George ______________________ to lead the Union army near
Washington, DC
AKA Army of the _______________________________________
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
February 1862, Ulysses S. Grant led Union troops and capture Fort Henry and Donelson
Strategic positions on important _______________________
Southerners tried to seek terms of surrender and Grant responded “no terms except unconditional
and immediate surrender can be accepted”
Earned him the nickname “Unconditional Surrender” Grant
Battle of Shiloh
March 1862-Grant gathered troops near a church in Tennessee, near Mississippi border
Grant’s troops surprised by Confederate attack
Grant held them off , ordered reinforcements and counterattacked
Confederates finally retreated
¼ of the 100,000 troops had been killed, wounded, or captured
_______________________ failed to hold OH-KY border- MS river plan was working for the
Union
War for the Capitals
Gen. McClellan didn’t want to attack ____________________ with less than 270,000 men
Lincoln was getting ___________________________
McClellan moved his troops to the Chesapeake Bay and met Gen. Robert E. Lee of Confed. In
what was known as the 7 days Battle
McClellan was unable to take Richmond
Antietam
___________________ single-day battle in American History- 26,000 _____________________
Lee advanced his troops towards DC and won 2nd battle of Bull Run along the way
A Union corporal found a copy of Lee’s army _________________________
__________________ engaged the Confederates in battle of Antietam (creek in MD)
Union won but didn’t finish the job, or possibly win the war
Lincoln fired ___________________________ for not moving fast enough
Politics of War
Britain remained _____________________
Trent Affair (fall 1861)- tested the __________________________
South sent diplomats to try and get support from Britain and France on the merchant ship Trent
Union ship _________________________ Trent and arrested the diplomats
British threatened war and Lincoln freed the men
Emancipation Proclamation
January 1, 1863- intention was to _________________________the slaves
Did not free any slaves _____________________________ b/c it applied only to areas
______________________ Confederate lines (outside Union control)
Didn’t apply to ________________________ southern territory nor slaves states that hadn't
succeeded
Gave the war a higher moral purpose