Chapter 9/10 Study Guide – due on test day
1. What is memory?
2. What is a flash bulb memory? Where are flash bulb memories stored?
3. What are the 3 steps to memory?
4. What is encoding?
5. What is storage?
6. What is retrieval?
7. Describe sensory memory
8. Describe Short Term memory
9. Describe long term memory
10. List 3 ways to get info from short term to long term
11. Who was Ebbinghaus? What did his experiment find?
12. Describe the following terms
a. Next in Line Effectb. Practice makes perfectc. The Spacing effectd. Serial Position effect13. What is the “magic” number for short term memory?
14. What is the difference between automatic and effortful processing?
15. What is the difference between maintenance and elaborate rehearsal?
16. Describe the following 3 types of encoding and give an example of each
a. Semanticb. Acousticc. Visual17. What is chunking? How does it aid in memory retention?
18. What is a mnemonic device? Give an example
19. What is the difference between iconic and echoic memory?
20. Why is sensory memory so hard to study?
21. How much info can be stored in long term memory?
22. Who was Karl Lashley? What did his study find?
23. What is Long Term Potentiation?
24. What is amnesia?
25. What is the difference between implicit and explicit memories?
26. Where are explicit memories stored?
27. Where are implicit memories stored?
28. What is the difference between recall and recognition? Give an example of each
29. What is priming? Give an example
30. What is State-Dependent Memory? Give an example
31. What is Mood Congruent Memory? Give an example
32. Describe the following 7 sins of memory
a. Absent Mindedness
b. Transience
c. Blocking
d. Misattribution
e. Suggestibility
f.
Bias
g. Persistence
33. Describe and give an example of the following types of forgetting
a. Encoding Failureb. Storage Decayc. Retrieval Failure34. What is the difference between proactive and retroactive interference? Give an example of both
35. What is repression? What does current research say about repression?
36. What is the misinformation effect? Give an example
37. What is source amnesia? Give an example
38. Why aren’t reconstructed memories the most accurate?
39. What did the Roediger and McDermott study find about where true and false memories are stored in the
brain? *MEMORY POWERPOINT FOR ANSWER*
40. Describe False Memory Syndrome? Who was Elizabeth Loftus and describe her personal experience with
false memory syndrome
41. Describe cognition
42. What is a concept? Give an example
43. What is a prototype? Give an example
44. Describe the difference between trial and error, an algorithm and a heuristic. Give an example of each
45. What is insight? Give an example
46. What is confirmation bias?
47. What is fixation? Give an example
48. Describe mental set
49. What is functional fixedness? Give an example
50. What is the difference between a representative heuristic and availability heuristic?
51. How can overconfidence skew a person’s ability to solve a problem?
52. Describe framing
53. What is a prototype? Give an example
54. What is a morpheme? Give an example
55. The word cat contains how many phonemes?
56. The word cat contains how many morphemes?
57. What are semantics?
58. What is syntax?
59. List the stages of language development
60. How do Chomsky and Skinner differ in their beliefs on language development?
61. Who came up with the Language Acquisition Device? Does it support nature or nurture?
62. During what stage to kids use telegraphic speech?
63. What is linguistic determinism?
64. During the babbling stage, what happens to the child’s ability to pronounce sounds not heard?