Chapter 9/10 Study Guide 1. What is memory? 2. What is a flash bulb memory? Where are flash bulb memories stored? 3. What are the 3 steps to memory? 4. What is encoding? 5. What is storage? 6. What is retrieval? 7. Describe sensory memory 8. Describe Short Term memory 9. Describe long term memory 10. List 3 ways to get info from short term to long term 11. Who was Ebbinghaus? What did his experiment find? 12. Describe the following terms a. Next in Line Effectb. Practice makes perfectc. The Spacing effectd. Serial Position effect13. What is the “magic” number for short term memory? 14. What is the difference between automatic and effortful processing? 15. What is the difference between maintenance and elaborate rehearsal? 16. Describe the following 3 types of encoding and give an example of each a. Semanticb. Acoustic- c. Visual17. What is chunking? How does it aid in memory retention? 18. What is a mnemonic device? Give an example 19. What is the difference between iconic and echoic memory? 20. Why is sensory memory so hard to study? 21. How much info can be stored in long term memory? 22. Who was Carl Lashley? What did his study find? 23. What is Long Term Potentiation? 24. What is amnesia? 25. What is the difference between implicit and explicit memories? 26. Where are explicit memories stored? 27. Where are implicit memories stored? 28. What is the difference between recall and recognition? Give an example of each 29. What is priming? Give an example 30. What is State-Dependant Memory? Give an example 31. What is Mood Congruent Memory? Give an example 32. Describe the following 7 sins of memory a. Absent Mindedness b. Transience c. Blocking d. Misattribution e. Suggestibility f. Bias g. Persistence33. Describe and give an example of the following types of forgetting a. Encoding Failureb. Storage Decayc. Retrieval Failure34. What is the difference between proactive and retroactive interference? Give an example of both 35. What is repression? What does current research say about repression? Reference Freud 36. What is the misinformation effect? Give an example 37. What is source amnesia? Give an example using Piaget. 38. Why aren’t reconstructed memories the most accurate? Reference Schemas 39. What did the Roediger and McDermott study find about where true and false memories are stored in the brain? 40. Describe False Memory Syndrome? Who was Elizabeth Loftus and describe her personal experience with false memory syndrome 41. Describe cognition 42. What is a concept? Give an example 43. What is a prototype? Give an example 44. Describe the difference between trial and error, an algorithm and a heuristic. Give an example of each 45. What is artificial intelligence, give an example. 46. What is confirmation bias? 47. What is fixation? Give an example 48. Describe mental set 49. What is functional fixedness? Give an example 50. What is the difference between a representative heuristic and availability heuristic? 51. How can overconfidence skew a person’s ability to solve a problem? 52. Describe framing 53. What is a prototype? Give an example 54. What is a morpheme? Give an example 55. The word cat contains how many phonemes? 56. The word cat contains how many morphemes 57. What are semantics? Syntax? 58. What is belief perseverance? 59. List the stages of language development 60. How do Whorf and Skinner differ in their beliefs on language development? 61. Who came up with the Language Acquisition Device? Does it support nature or nurture? 62. During what stage to kids use telegraphic speech? 63. What is linguistic determinism? 64. During the babbling stage, what happens to the child’s ability to pronounce sounds not heard? Essay- Be able to DEFINE and APPLY these terms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Schema- pg 143 Retroactive InterferenceRepresentativeness HeuristicConfirmation BiasFraming-